ESTRELLA PARK MASTER PLAN UPDATE 2016-2036 APPENDICES.PDF

Estrella Mountain
Regional Park
APPENDICES
Master Plan Update
2016-2036

Appendix A – Public Participation Program
(Insert all materials behind this cover page)

Stakeholder Advisory Group (SAG)
Purpose
The purpose of the SAG was to establish a diverse group representing a range of opinions in a forum
small enough to allow for education of the participants, detailed discussion of issues, and informal
dialogue. The group’s comments and concerns were integrated into the planning process and assisted in
the development of park improvement recommendations.
Meetings
The SAG met three times between January and September 2015 at the Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Nature Center.
• January 29, 2015 (9:00-11:00am) – introduction and discussion
• March 26, 2015 (8:30-11:30am) - site visit and discussion
• September 28, 2015 (2:00-4:00pm) – draft recommendations and discussion
After draft improvement recommendations were developed, the group met to discuss and provided
additional feedback in order to fine-tune the options. The group agreed no additional meetings were
needed.
Participants
The SAG was comprised of a variety of government agencies, avid park users, and concessionaires. A
National Park Service, Rivers Trails and Conservation Assistance program staff member served as
facilitator. Invited members include representatives from at least the following:
• Aravaipa Running
• Arizona Game and Fish Department
• Arizona State Land Department
• Arizona State University (Centennial Trail)
• Bureau of Land Management (Reality Division)
• Bureau of Land Management (Lower Sonoran Field Office)
• Bureau of Reclamation
• Citizen’s for Estrella Mountain Park
• City of Avondale (Parks and Recreation)
• City of Goodyear (Parks and Recreation, Water Resources, Traffic, and Public Art)
• Corral West Trail Rides
• Estrella Foothills High School
• Estrella Youth Sports
• Flood Control District of Maricopa County
• Maricopa County Board of Supervisors, District 5
• Maricopa County Department of Transportation
• Maricopa County Parks and Recreation Commissioner, District 5
• Maricopa County Planning and Development
• Maricopa County Sherriff’s Office
• Maricopa Trail
• Three Rivers Historical Society (Centennial Trail)
• Tres Rios Golf Course (and its parent management company C-Bons Golf Group)
• West Valley Trail Alliance

Comments and Feedback
Initial comments received at the January 29, 2015 meeting expressed the need for general upgrades and
improvements to the park. Briefly, the group’s comments included:
• Need to do youth outreach as part of the planning process
• Need trail connections and trailhead improvements (e.g. signage on trails; shade, signage at
trailheads)
• Competitive Track improvements (e.g. shade, water, restroom)
• Better camping options (RV and tent)
• Signage
• Need river/water access
• Improve turf grass area
During the site visit on March 26, 2015, participants reiterated the need for trailhead improvements (i.e.
better signage, landscaping, shade, and parking) and the need for upgrades at the Competitive Track to
include a full restroom, shade, and running water. Safe road crossings and various camping options were
also discussed as needs for the park,
Finally, at the September 28, 2015 meeting, the participants reviewed and discussed the draft park
improvement projects and made recommendations. The group decided that the alternatives as
presented at that time needed to be simplified and better maps should be provided. The group also
expressed the interest in having the turf area open for play, lighting and noise issues from a sports field,
and to maintain a family-friendly atmosphere. Those comments were incorporated into the draft
alternatives to the extent feasible. At the conclusion of this meeting, the group decided no additional
meetings were necessary.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
SUMMARY
This public meeting was conducted in an open house format. Display boards were stationed throughout
the room and the public was invited to work their way around the room to view each board.
Department staff and special guests were available to answer any questions and to engage in
discussions. Comment cards were available for interested parties to provide their comments and
feedback. Approximately 40 people signed in for the meeting and 15 comment cards were received in
additional to a number of “postie notes” that were used on display boards. The Department allowed a
30-day comment period, concluding on May 30, 2015, to provide the general public adequate time to
comment. Table 1 details how the 134 pieces of communications (e.g. comment cards, postie notes,
emails, etc.) were received. These comments and Department staff response to the comments was
posted on the park’s webpage at http://www.maricopa.gov/parks/estrella/emproject.aspx.
Table 1: Comments Received by Source
At public meeting: 46% of total
Comment cards from Public Meeting 15
Postie Notes from Public Meeting 42
Flip chart comments from Public Meeting 4
30-Day Comment Period: 54% of total
Survey Monkey responses 31
Comment cards after meeting 2
Email or other sources 40
TOTAL all sources 134
Department planning staff reviewed each of the 134 comment cards, postie notes, emails, or other form
of communication received. Out of those 134 communications, Department planning staff recognized
261 unique comments. Further, out of the 261 unique comments, 156 (or about 60 percent) were
considered to the out of the scope of the Master Plan Update. Out of scope means that the comment or
suggestion is already covered by another planning document; it may also mean that the comment
pertains to an operational matter; or it may mean that the comment does not otherwise fall under the
purview of a master plan. Other comments deemed out of scope may also be too generalized or vague
to work with.
Table 2: Unique and Out of Scope Comments
Unique Comments:* 261
Out of Scope Comments: 156
Percent out of scope 60%
*One comment card may have contained more than one type of comment.
Total will exceed number of respondents.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
A master plan does not dictate hours of operation, staffing, programing or other day-to-day activities. A
master plan also does not dictate activities that occur outside of park boundaries. As noted at the public
meeting, the purpose of a master plan is to outline the long-range vision for the park as well as
development priorities that will provide for both the public’s enjoyment and the protection of the
park’s resources. A master plan also:
• Serves as a guide and policy document for current and future park staff, partnering agencies,
elected officials, and interested members of the public.
• Guides management of natural, cultural, and recreational resources.
• Considers a range of issues such as staffing, funding, encroachment, wildlife corridors, public
needs, and more.
• Considers staff, stakeholder, and public recommendations.
• Identifies park enhancement opportunities including possible upgrades to park facilities,
recreation infrastructure, restoration opportunities, etc.
The remaining substantive comments will be further evaluated and potentially carried forward into the
draft alternatives for the master plan. Table 3 details each unique comment received and the
Department response.
Over one-third of meeting participants did not specify their preferred outdoor activity. Of those that did
specify, Figure 1 shows that “Bicyclists / Mountain Bikers” represented 15% of respondents.
6%
4% Not specified
Camper
33%
15% Hiker
Equestrian
Bicyclist / Mountain Biker
Runner
3% Other
14% 4%
Figure 1: Breakdown of activity group (if specified)

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
Table 3: Public Comment Evaluation - Public Open House Meeting #1 and 30-day open comment period
Public Meeting:
Visitor Group (if
Method Respondent Comments/Questions specified) Out of Scope MCPRD Response
I am one of the people who go to corral west the reason I think corral west should stay is because
corral west is where I got on a horse for the first time that was also where my brother and sister Operational. The Department is not considering
got on a horse for the first time so there are lots of fun memories there at corral west. Corral west eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
has taught me a lot about horses. They have given me the chance to be around horses. Without Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
them my chance to ride a horse and see horses would be less often. Please keep the horses at and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
Comment Card 1 Estrella mountain Regional Park. x is in place.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Comment Card 2 update the water lines so park does not run out of water. Drinking water!!! alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Comment Card 2 Have an entrance that stands out. People see golf course not park. alternative(s).
Comment Card 2 talk to local people and they don’t know park is here x Refer to 2011 marketing plan.
Operational. The Department is not considering
eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
Continue horse use in park. Great to see horse trail riders and wagon rides to enjoy the and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
Comment Card 3 desert. equestrian x is in place.
Comment Card 3 I would love to see some more activity in the arena, rodeo, roping, horse shows, concerts. equestrian x Operational. Refer to 2011 marketing plan.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Comment Card 3 Overnight facilities for private horse users would be great. equestrian alternative(s).
Thank you for all you do with the parks. I use Estrella and White Tank 3-4 times a month. I
Comment Card 4 love all the trails and thank you for maintaining them. runner x Thank you, too.
The 2012 trails plan amendment added a trail at
elevation. This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be
I would like to see more trails with elevation gain at Estrella. Especially into the southeast further evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Comment Card 4 corner of the park. runner alternative(s).
I love that Estrella has open gate policy to allow early morning entry (4-5am). I would love
Comment Card 4 to see White Tank accept this policy. runner x Operational.
Comment Card 5 I am 50 years old. Born and raised here. Been coming to this park since I was little. hiker x Thank you.
Back in the day the grass was green and well kept. The play areas were large and fun - This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
now - the turf is dirt and weeds. The play areas are torn down. The ball fields are a mess. evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Comment Card 5 Why build ball fields and take away nature. FIX - repair/ replace what is here. hiker alternative(s).

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Comment Card 5 This park is the 1st one here. Put your $ into fixing it up and people will come. hiker alternative(s).
The 1988 Master Plan has not been changed or
amended since it was approved and adopted in 1988.
Your 1988 Master Plan has been changed since I saw the Master Plan when CEMP was Revenue and some general fund dollars go into the
started. This tells me that the Regional Park Management can chance anything at any park budget each year and are detailed in the annual
Comment Card 6 time. Including withdrawing funds to control outcome. camper/hiker x operating budget and/or the 10-year CIP.
Comment Card 6 Why don’t you let more people know the park is here? camper/hiker x Refer to 2011 marketing plan.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Comment Card 7 I would like a {unreadable} gardin alternative(s).
I think that the most important things is to make sure the park remains connected to and This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
open to the community, which will increase the revenue generating capacity for the long evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Comment Card 8 term. hiker alternative(s).
To the degree that the ballfields will increase youth participation from the entire
community, I support that - but the local community uses the park as a place to picnic, This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
celebrate weddings & quinceneras, throw festivals, and hold group functions. Decreasing evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Comment Card 8 common space in the surrounding community makes this an extremely valuable resource. hiker alternative(s).
I also support making the trails and backcountry more accessible, better marked, w/o a This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
lot of development. That's a great way to increase the number of people who can use the evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
park while reducing the environmental impact, so that I can remain a community natural alternative(s). Trail building follows the Parks
Comment Card 8 resource for generations to come. hiker Department Trail Management Manual.
Thank you. We will do our best. Refer to 2011
Comment Card 8 Please continue to make efforts to reach local communities of color as well. hiker x marketing plan.
I am so appreciative that EMRP remains on the radar for growth of amenities and family Thank you. The growth of amenities is carefully
Comment Card 9 entertainment. considered via the planning process.
I am so glad that the horse riding amenity is growing in popularity as {unreadable} the
Comment Card 9 years (past {unreadable}) so many were disappointed in the lack of riding access. x Operational
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Comment Card 9 This has great potential. Let's keep looking for partners to make things happen. alternative(s).
I come here because it is quiet and there is a lot of wildlife to observe. I have seen how This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
loud baseball and soccer fields are. Along with noise comes the traffic. I live near here evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Comment Card 10 and I have seen the traffic from the Goodyear Ballpark. hiker alternative(s).

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
The 1988 master plan (p99) calls for an approx 50 acre
sports complex to include 12 softball fields,
football/soccer, volleyball, tennis, basketball,
racquetball, playgrounds, and a full service concession
stand. The Department began discussion with a local
non-profit group several years ago in its effort to
Comment Card 10 I do not want this park to become a money making scheme for wealthy investors. hiker x implement the 1988 plan.
Old playgrounds throughout the park system, including
EMRP, that do not meet safety standards are being
replaced with new desert-inspired equipment and
positioned where they will meet the highest demand.
Comment Card 10 You will already be taking kids playgrounds and our ramadas. hiker x No net loss to ramadas/picnic space is expected.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Comment Card 10 Then you will need a lot more room for parking. hiker alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Comment Card 10 The park could use some changes but massive sports fields is not the way. hiker alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
I come here to hike and so quiet. I love the plants grew and more gardins and I want to evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Comment Card 11 save it. hiker alternative(s).
For safety issues - add a crosswalk on Vineyard for people hiking from the park east to the This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
riparian area and onto the Jackie Meck Lakes. Sonoran Audubon Society leads a bird hike evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Comment Card 12 every second Saturday of the month with numbers of participants from 7-30. bird walk leader alternative(s).
Investigate the scale working model of the Mississippi River on the island located on the east side
of that river at Memphis Tennessee. This model is more than a few thousand feet long, with city
maps embedded in the concretic materials which contain the flowing water in the model. Scale- retired civil
Comment Card 13 wise is extends from the river's source in Minnesota to its delta at the Gulf of Mexico. engineer x Refer to 2006 El Rio Watercourse Master Plan.
hiker, star gazer,
Comment Card 14 Some wonderful ideas. love outdoors x Thank you for your input.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
hiker, star gazer, evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Comment Card 14 Centennial Trail is a great idea/plan. Please don't drop it. love outdoors alternative(s).
hiker, star gazer, Thank you for your response; will be forwarded to
Comment Card 14 Have concerts & perhaps art shows. love outdoors x operational staff.
hiker, star gazer,
Comment Card 14 Thanks for having this gathering. love outdoors x Thank you for attending.
Comment Card 15 Overall I think the trail system here is good. bicyclist x Thank you.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
The 2012 trails plan amendment provided and
expansion area for the competitive track. This
suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further evaluated
Comment Card 15 It would be nice to see some more technical trails being developed. bicyclist for inclusion in the master plan draft alternative(s).
South Mountain has a trail called "National" which is a great example of what is missing The 2012 trails plan amendment provided additional
Comment Card 15 from our park. bicyclist x trails alignments.
Trail design and building follows the Parks Department
Trail Management Manual. The Parks Department has
There is a strong biking community in the West Valley and I am sure we could all be volunteer opportunities for some trail maintenance
Comment Card 15 willing to help design and build new trails. bicyclist x projects.
I think with this addition you would see a significant increase in mountain bike use within
Comment Card 15 the park. bicyclist x Thank you for your input.
Comment Card 15 Thank you for all your efforts! bicyclist x Thank you, too.
Outside of park boundary. However, there is an existing
short trail in the Gila River bed called the El Rio Plant
Flip Chart 16 Bike path/trails along Agua Fria River area x Research Trail for pedestrian use.
Flip Chart 16 Bike trail/path from bottom of Estrella Pkwy / MC85 to Tower x Outside of park boundary.
Flip Chart 16 Horse camp for youth x Operational.
The park currently has over 33 miles of trails. Other
trail-related opportunities will be further evaluated for
Flip Chart 16 nature trails inclusion in the draft master plan alternative(s).
El Rio is a HUGE project. It really needs multiple IGAs and a dedicated group for it.
Postie note from El Keeping it a small part of EMRP is good but a separate group needs to be in charge of it.
Rio Board 17 Something like a conservancy should be a steward of it. x Refer to 2006 El Rio Watercourse Master Plan.
Postie note from Thank you for your response; will be forwarded to
Master Plan Board 18 Weekly astronomy night x operational staff.
Postie note from Thank you for your response; will be forwarded to
Master Plan Board 18 Later hours for star gazers x operational staff.
Postie note from
Centennial Trail The Centennial Trail will be further evaluated for
Board 19 YES!!! inclusion in the draft master plan alternative(s).
Postie note from
Centennial Trail Develop a volunteer group dedicated to only the Centennial Trail. Have one main contact Thank you for your response; will be forwarded to
Board 20 within the park with scheduled timelines to follow up with volunteers. x operational staff.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
EYS Board 21 Prefer the picnic, relaxing setting over a sports complex alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
EYS Board 22 RV camping alternative(s).

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from Develop a path around the fields. Use it as way to get around the fields and park. Could evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
EYS Board 23 be used for kids run events. alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
EYS Board 24 This is a good idea. The park needs users and this brings them in. alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
EYS Board 25 Amphitheater is neat. Keep it. alternative(s).
Revenue and some general fund dollars go into the
Postie note from park budget each year and are detailed in the annual
EYS Board 26 Where is $ going? Be more open & transparent with public. x operating budget and/or the 10-year CIP.
Postie note from
EYS Board 27 arena - lack of marketing for park and arena x Refer to 2011 marketing plan.
Postie note from
EYS Board 27 get in front of parents, not the school principals x Refer to 2011 marketing plan.
Postie note from
EYS Board 27 get in front of the moms and dads x Refer to 2011 marketing plan.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
EYS Board 27 keep arena - asked for jackpot and jr. rodeo association alternative(s).
Postie note from
EYS Board 27 don’t realize park is self-sufficient x Thank you for your input.
Postie note from
EYS Board 28 arena - don’t know its there. x Refer to 2011 marketing plan.
Postie note from
EYS Board 28 keep the agricultural background x Thank you for your input.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
EYS Board 28 think out of the box on funding alternative(s).
Postie note from Thank you for response, will be forwarded to
EYS Board 28 change lights at arena - power company charges too much x operational staff.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
EYS Board 29 1-2 ball fields alternative(s).
The Department often engages in partnerships to
Postie note from provide amenities and/or services that the Department
EYS Board 29 why on County lands? x otherwise cannot.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
EYS Board 29 if market demands it, then expand. alternative(s).

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
Postie note from
EYS Board 29 locals won't use for more than 3 months x Thank you for your input.
Postie note from Thank you for response, will be forwarded to
Idea Board 30 outdoor concerts and art shows x operational staff.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from Provide Sonoran Audubon Society 3 or 4 cones to put in place on Vineyard to indicate a evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Idea Board 31 temporary crosswalk for the monthly Saturday bird hike (which goes east along the river). alternative(s).
Postie note from Thank you for response, will be forwarded to
Idea Board 32 Encourage more youth equestrian programs x operational staff.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Idea Board 33 Entrance for horse arena to bypass fields alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Idea Board 34 Trail for handicapped loop around main 1 mile area alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Idea Board 35 restrooms, showers alternative(s).
Postie note from Thank you for response, will be forwarded to
Idea Board 36 rodeos: senior high school, Jr gymkhana x operational staff.
Postie note from Thank you for response, will be forwarded to
Idea Board 37 make more use of the arena x operational staff.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from We don’t need change of purpose. We need to invest in what is here and do a gradual evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Idea Board 38 change to see what gets used. alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Idea Board 39 Work with other government agencies. IGAs are the only way to fund large projects. alternative(s).
Operational. Refer to Citizens for Estrella Mountain
Park (CEMP) for information on how to join CEMP. The
Postie note from Develop a dedicated volunteer group/stewards of the park. Volunteering is a difficult Department also has a park host and volunteer
Idea Board 39 task. x program.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Idea Board 40 Fix up communal picnic areas / more outlets alternative(s).
Postie note from Thank you for response, will be forwarded to
Idea Board 41 Movie nights. Silent disco (w/ headphones). x operational staff.
Postie note from Thank you for response, will be forwarded to
Idea Board 42 church group hikes x operational staff.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Postie note from alternative(s). Refer to Parks Department Trail
Idea Board 43 clearer trail markings on longer trails Management Manual.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
Postie note from
Idea Board 44 youth programs with horses - inside and outside the arena x Operational. Thank you for your input.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from 1. More dedicated camp sites to include RV sites and remote sites well into the park such evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Idea Board 45 as the south end of Pedersen. alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from 2. Develop infield to encourage more users to use the park and experience not just their evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Idea Board 45 field sport but the trail system alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Wall Map 46 A good beginner is desperately needed, something with little elevation gain alternative(s).
Postie note from
Wall Map 47 Improve wash crossings on existing trails (re-routes). Ex. Gadsden is horrible. x Refer to Trails Maintenance Manual
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Postie note from alternative(s). Refer to Trails Plan and 2012 Trail
Wall Map 48 What about this massive hill here -> Amendment.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Wall Map 49 Real toilets & garbage cans & gazebos alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Wall Map 50 real facilities and camping for events. You could partner with PIR too. They would want it. alternative(s).
Postie note from
Wall Map 51 Re-open trails closed to hiking & biking x Refer to Trails Plan and 2012 Trail Amendment.
Comment it unclear. Refer to Trails Plan and 2012 Trail
Amendment. Existing trails (BU, CO, CW, GD) go around
Postie note from the hill (Knob Hill). The hillside itself should not be in
Wall Map 52 Go around this hill. Its getting destroyed. x use.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Postie note from alternative(s). Refer to Trails Plan and 2012 Trail
Wall Map 53 Hi loop Amendment.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Wall Map 54 need trail etequite signs alternative(s).
Postie note from Move towards not just 4 foot trails. More challenging features in the trails. Something Refer to Trails Plan and 2012 Trail Amendment. Refer
Wall Map 55 like South Mtn to draw users. x to Trails Maintenance Manual.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Postie note from evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Wall Map 56 Set up backpacking / dry camping area. After end of PD trail. alternative(s).

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Postie note from alternative(s). Refer to Trails Plan and 2012 Trail
Wall Map 57 YAY trails as "competitive loop" type trails. Switchbacks, etc as req'd Amendment.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Postie note from Why not go all the way south to encourage long rides /hikes. It opens the comp track to alternative(s). Refer to Trails Plan and 2012 Trail
Wall Map 58 endurance events that are growing. Amendment.
30-day Comment Period:
Method Respondent Comments/Questions Visitor Group Out of Scope MCPRD Response
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 1 A bike lane on the loop around the large turf area, more bike/caution driver signage. bicyclist alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Interpretive signage along the main road naming the trees, cacti along the entrance to evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 1 the park. bicyclist alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 1 An air pump station for bikes bicyclist alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 1 paint warnings on roadway for drivers to be aware of bikes - start seeing bikes. bicyclist alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Repair the existing 2 ball fields and see how it goes before destroying the grass play area evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 2 for soccer fields and more ball fields. hiker alternative(s).
Old playgrounds throughout the park system, including
EMRP, that do not meet safety standards are being
replaced with new desert-inspired equipment and
Survey Monkey 2 Repair or replace the kids play area and swing sets. hiker positioned where they will meet the highest demand.
Department preference is to keep day use separate
from overnight use. Alternative areas for camping will
be explored for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 2 Allow camping in the Navy Area. hiker x alternatives.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
alternative(s). Alternative areas for camping will be
explored for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 2 Restore the grass areas, repair the ramadas and clean up the Primitive Camping area. hiker alternatives.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 2 Keep the county park as a family park and the only one with a true grass play area. hiker alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 2 Find another place for the 8 ball fields and multiple soccer fields. hiker alternative(s).

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 2 Our families need a green park to gather and play and not another commercial area. hiker alternative(s).
The parks current 1988 master plan (p99) calls for an
approx 50 acre sports complex to include 12 softball
fields, football/soccer, volleyball, tennis, basketball,
racquetball, playgrounds, and a full service concession
hiker, trail stand. The Department began discussion with the
I am disturbed, upset & dismayed to see the inclusion of a sports complex for PRIVATE runner, youth sports group several years ago following the
Survey Monkey 3 groups use - even is this private group is funding all or part of the project. picnic/day use direction of the 1988 plan.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
alternative(s). The 1988 master plan (p99) calls for an
approx 50 acre sports complex to include 12 softball
fields, football/soccer, volleyball, tennis, basketball,
A sports complex of almost 20 new soft ball and multi use fields is not in line with the racquetball, playgrounds, and a full service concession
vision and mission to "preserve the natural setting and environmental aspects of the park hiker, trail stand. The Department began discussion with the
by heavily restricted use and recreational public access"??? How does a sports complex runner, youth sports group several years ago following the
Survey Monkey 3 with grass fields that need watering contribute to a natural setting? picnic/day use direction of the 1988 plan.
Operational. The Department often allows third party
partnerships access to its public lands in order to
hiker, trail provide services or amenities that it otherwise be
My opinion is that a private group sould not be given access to public lands, even if they runner, unable to provide such as horse rental concessionaires,
Survey Monkey 3 bring $$$$ to the deal. picnic/day use x golf courses, etc.
My use of this park is for hiking and relaxing day use for picnics - the proposed sports
complex will GREATLY interfer with the relaxing and natural setting that I have enjoyed This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
for many years - if you must push this sports complex and private use, please RESTRICT it hiker, trail evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
to the existing ball diamond area in the far west end and leave the main runner, alternative(s). Hiking, day use, and picnic use will
Survey Monkey 3 picnic/ramada/trees section as it is currently being used!!!!! picnic/day use remain prominent features of the park.
If the county does not have money to make improvements, I would rather see no hiker, trail This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
improvements at all than what you are proposing with this private development of our runner, evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 3 public park. picnic/day use alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
alternative(s). Refer to Trails Plan and 2012 Trail
Survey Monkey 4 I would like to see some more technical trails being developed in the park. bicyclist Amendment.
Better Trail design, especially regarding run-off w/rains, and then any/better trail Refer to Trails Plan and 2012 Trail Amendment. Refer
Survey Monkey 5 maintenance. bicyclist x to Trails Maintenance Manual.
Survey Monkey 6 great bicyclist x Not clear what "great" refers to, but thank you.
Survey Monkey 7 Provide better mtn bike trails. bicyclist x All trails are multi-use unless otherwise designated.
Survey Monkey 8 Mountain bike trails are my main interest. bicyclist x All trails are multi-use unless otherwise designated.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
alternative(s). The 2012 trails plan amendment
provides some additional trails and the Maricopa Trail
Manager is currently and actively working with local
I love the existing trails out there. Any additions or connectors to trails outside the park jurisdictions to determine the preferred location of a
Survey Monkey 9 would be awesome! Keep up the great work. bicyclist Maricopa Trail connection.
Survey Monkey 10 Make the park friendly to all users, and educate bikers and hikers to share the trail. bicyclist x All trails are multi-use unless otherwise designated.
Survey Monkey 11 I currently have a season pass and ride my bike in the park often. bicyclist x Thank you.
The trails plan and 2012 trails plan amendment
provides three entry points along the west bounday.
One is currently open. The remaining two will be
opened as additional development occurs and in
I would like to see more entrances into the park that connect with the Estrella Mountain cooperation with the City of Goodyear's Parks Trails
Survey Monkey 11 Ranch community. bicyclist x Open Space Master Plan preferences.
I would also like to see connector trails between the park and the competitive loops. The 2012 trails plan amendment added a connector
trail between approximately the rodeo arena and the
Survey Monkey 11 bicyclist x competitive track.
Lastly, I would like the trails to be a bit more bike friendly especially in the south end of All trails are multi-use unless otherwise designated.
Survey Monkey 11 the park. bicyclist x Refer to Trails Maintenance Manual.
Many of the trails are found within the wash and are nearly impossible to ride. Some of The 2012 trails plan amendment provides for
the trails are so sandy that they are nearly impossible to ride. Better trails that are ride- alternative trails near south washes. Refer to Trails
Survey Monkey 11 able will bring more revenue to the park. bicyclist x Maintenance Manual.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 12 More multi use trails bicyclist alternative(s).
Comment is unclear. The main park entreance is on the
north side. However, the 2012 trails plan amendment
provides three entry points along the west bounday.
One is currently open. The remaining two will be
opened as additional development occurs and in
A Northern entrance into the park from Estrella would allow us to make a loop from and cooperation with the City of Goodyear's Parks Trails
Survey Monkey 13 to the community instead of having to turn around would be great. bicyclist x Open Space Master Plan preferences.
Comment is unclear as to location of "world class trails
that were closed". The only trails that have been closed
Survey Monkey 13 A re-opening of the World-Class trails "that were closed" are my second item. bicyclist x in recent years, are rouge trails that were built illegally.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Love the park and use it regularly. Development needs to maintain big open spaces and Hiker, Bicyclist, evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 14 not overdevelop. Trail Runner alternative(s).
Hiker, Bicyclist, Thank you. Please contact the Park or the Volunteer
Survey Monkey 14 Would love to help in any way I could. Trail Runner x Coordinator to get signed up.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
Bicyclist, Refer to Trails Plan and 2012 Trail Ammendment. Refer
Survey Monkey 15 1. Better sustainable trails - reroute problem areas Mountain biker x to Trails Maintenance Manual.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Bicyclist, alternative(s). Refer to Trails Plan and 2012 Trail
Survey Monkey 15 2. More technically challenging trails further back Mountain biker Ammendment.
Bicyclist, Refer to Trails Plan and 2012 Trail Ammendment. Refer
Survey Monkey 15 3. 4 foot trails only for beginner type trails Mountain biker x to Trails Maintenance Manual.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Bicyclist, evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 15 4. Better facilities at competitive track Mountain biker alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
alternative(s). The 1988 master plan (p99) calls for an
approx 50 acre sports complex to include 12 softball
fields, football/soccer, volleyball, tennis, basketball,
raquetball, playgrounds, and a full service consession
Generations have been attending Estrella Mountain Regional Park. Changing the Camper, Hiker, stand. The Department began discussion with the
structure from a family oriented park to a sports facility is not what the Equestrian, youth sports group several years ago following the
Survey Monkey 16 community wants or needs. Picnics direction of the 1988 plan.
Re-seed the picnic area, repair the irrigation system, add new playgrounds, Camper, Hiker, This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
replace picnic tables and BBQ’s, purchase lawn mowers, bring better water and Equestrian, evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 16 electric to the Ramada’s so guests can use them. Bring back our customers. Picnics alternative(s).
Operational. The park has been very active with large
groups in the past, however annual visitation and ASU
When the park had grass and playgrounds nearly 20,000 visitors came to the park over Visitor Use surveys show that this is no longer the case.
Easter weekend. The Ramada’s were filled every weekend with birthdays, anniversaries, Adobe Dam and Lake Pleasant Regional Parks are
family reunions, and wedding receptions. Estrella Park was the highest income producer typically the "highest income producers", not Estrella.
next to Lake Pleasant. People came for the grass. Boy Scouts, girl scouts and families Camper, Hiker, The turf area at Estrella is indeed the only turf grass in
stayed over night to camp and setup tents on real grass. It was the only grass in the Equestrian, the park system as turf grass is not our typical park
Survey Monkey 16 Maricopa County Park System. Picnics x ammenity.
Hunting within the park boundaries has been a factor in my less frequent visits Hunting locations and rules are determined by Arizona
Survey Monkey 17 (noise and safety factors). Hiker x Game and Fish Department.
I love the bird walks and hiking along the river (as well as the desert trails), but
too many "undesirable" folks are hunting, camping and basically trashing the Thank you for your response, will be forwarded to
Survey Monkey 17 riparian areas. Hiker x operational staff.
I went there more when Pat was leading the night hikes. She did a wonderful job & I love
Survey Monkey 18 night hikes! Hiker x Thank you for your comment.
Operational. The Department is not considering
eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
I believe the horse venue is an exciting addition to the West Valley...not having to and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
Survey Monkey 19 drive to Cave Creek or Scottsdale is wonderful. Hiker, Equestrian x is in place.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
Operational. The Department is not considering
eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
Survey Monkey 19 Please do not stop Horse Adventures just as they are getting established. Hiker, Equestrian x is in place.
Native to Arizona,
I look at your declining numbers on park attendance and activities and I blame the Grew up coming Thank you for your response, it will be forwarded to
Survey Monkey 20 park itself and the upkeep. to the park x operational staff.
I grew up coming to the park for Masonic picnics, family gatherings, Church picnics and Native to Arizona,
had NICE turf areas to play in. The last time I walked the turf my shoes were so full of Grew up coming
Survey Monkey 20 spurs it hurt my feet. I would not want to have my now grandkids play in that. to the park x Operational.
Native to Arizona, This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Grew up coming evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 20 We don't need ball fields and soccer fields. to the park alternative(s).
Native to Arizona, This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Grew up coming evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 20 We need what we already have taken care of! to the park alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
The park needs resort style trails like a flow trail with jumps which was discussed years evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 21 ago that we could use machinery to build. bicyclist alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
The park could also benefit from a pump track similar to the one outside the park that is evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 21 bringing people from all over the valley. bicyclist alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
alternative(s). The Parks Department has many
volunteer opportunities for trail maintenance projects
and has also worked with WVTA on several projects.
Build a jump trail with the West Valley Trail Alliance and a pump track, you will see Trail building follows the Parks Department Trail
Survey Monkey 21 numbers double. bicyclist Management Manual.
Survey Monkey 22 Thanks for the Iron Ranger from EMR. Bicyclist x You're welcome.
Survey Monkey 22 The mountain biking in the park is awesome. Bicyclist x Thank you.
Thank you. The Deparment has a Volunteer
Coordinator to match up interested parties to available
Survey Monkey 22 The more trails the better so we would love to help. Bicyclist x projects.
Survey Monkey 22 Maybe you could offer some recognition to employers who support the park. Bicyclist x Operational. Thank you for your input.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
alternative(s). The 2012 trails plan amendment
Survey Monkey 23 Would like to see more trails to the peaks and not just in the valleys. Trail Runner provides for a trail at elevation.
Survey Monkey 23 I like that I can get in before it opens ( I have annual pass) Trail Runner x Operational. Thank you for your input.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
The 2012 trails plan amendment, added a connector
trail between approximately the rodeo arena and the
Survey Monkey 24 Trail leading from main park to comp track would be great. Bicyclist x competitive track.
Thank you for your response, will be forwarded to
Survey Monkey 24 Also periodic maintaince of the comp track. It has seen better days on the second half Bicyclist x operational staff.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 25 I'm especially fond of the youth sports plan, this will be a welcomed resource. Hiker, Bicyclist alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 25 I'd also like to see improved trails for mountain biking/hiking. Hiker, Bicyclist alternative(s).
Thanks for all the recent trail work! As a mtn biker it's great to have maintained trails to
Survey Monkey 26 ride without the fear of falling! Hiker, Bicyclist x Thank you.
Cant see the boards, the page opened up to just this so I don't know what you are talking Boards were linked just underneath the survey link on
Survey Monkey 27 about. Bicyclist x the "park projects" page.
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Camper, Hiker, evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 28 Things I would be most excited to see: hike-in camping Trail Runner alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Camper, Hiker, evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 28 more hiking trails. Especially a summit hike and river trail. Trail Runner alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Camper, Hiker, evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 28 updated picnic areas Trail Runner alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Camper, Hiker, evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 28 shooting range Trail Runner alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Camper, Hiker, evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 29 Things I would be most excited to see: hike-in camping Trail Runner alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Camper, Hiker, evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 29 more hiking trails. Especially a summit hike and river trail. Trail Runner alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
Camper, Hiker, evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 29 updated picnic areas Trail Runner alternative(s).
5/27/2015 - To whom it may concern I am writing to comment on the new Master Plan
being considered for Estrella Mt Regional Park. This issue is very important to many All comments are taken into consideration as the
people, and I hope you’ll take comments into consideration when making your final Camper, Hiker, Department progresses through the master plan
Survey Monkey 30 decision to change this family park into a sports complex. Equestrian, Other x update process.
My husband & I were park hosts at this beautiful park years ago, and were saddened that Operational. Speculation. All budget requests are
even though it was the 2nd top money maker for the park system, the funds were Camper, Hiker, contingent on available funds and the urgency of the
Survey Monkey 30 disbursed to other parks without maintaining Estrella to its full potential. Equestrian, Other x request (i.e. human health or public safety related).

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
During the years we were there, there were issues with an inadequate sprinkler system, Thank you for your input; it will forward to operations
the barbeques were not maintained, the Ramadas needed repair, and even proper tools Camper, Hiker, staff as the listed items will continue to be addressed
Survey Monkey 30 for trimming trees were not supplied by the County. Equestrian, Other x daily.
All budget requests are contingent on available funds
The funds earned by the park were diverted to other parks in the system leaving the and the urgency of the request (i.e. human health or
Citizens group the job of fundraising to come up with supplies to repair the rusty BBQ’S Camper, Hiker, public safety related). Friend groups are sometimes
Survey Monkey 30 and purchase items for the park that should have rightfully been supplied by the County. Equestrian, Other x willing to fund or volunteer for small projects.
With that said, in previous years the park was extremely busy with family gatherings,
Easter picnics, scout events, SCA gatherings & other events attended by the thousands. Camper, Hiker,
Survey Monkey 30 The Ramada’s were full every weekend. Equestrian, Other x Thank you for input.
The guests were allowed to ‘rent’ the park after hours, at a fair price, and were required Operational. It is not Department policy to "rent" the
to pay for security from Park Rangers, then ultimately the Sheriff’s Dept. This was not a park after established park hours. It may have been a
problem to those who wanted to enjoy the facilities, and take advantage of the beautiful Camper, Hiker, special provision made by a previous Park Supervisor
Survey Monkey 30 area with trees, open spaces and grass. Equestrian, Other x on a case-by-case basis.
Many camped out with tents, and comments were constantly given to the park hosts of Camper, Hiker,
Survey Monkey 30 the appreciation for the grass and trees. Equestrian, Other x Thank you for input.
Camper, Hiker,
Survey Monkey 30 No other facility in the area had such wonderful accommodations for families to use. Equestrian, Other x Thank you for input.
The desert areas are nice for their purpose, but many crave the ‘green’ terrain, and it This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
gives the feel of a vacation away from the dry desert. To do away with this unique facility Camper, Hiker, evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 30 and turn it into a sports park would be a travesty. Equestrian, Other alternative(s).
There are plenty of places for sports events, but not any other that allows dry camping,
open space to play family football in the grass, nearby river, hiking a spell and returning Camper, Hiker,
Survey Monkey 30 to a BBQ under the trees. Equestrian, Other x Thank you for input.
This park has always been unappreciated by the County, but it is truly needed and Camper, Hiker, Inaccurate statement that the County does not
Survey Monkey 30 appreciated by those who used the park. Equestrian, Other x appreciate the park. Thank you for your support.
Park fees remain low to allow all families reasonable
access to the park and its facilities. Neighboring cities
such as the Cities of Goodyear and Avondale require
home builders to include parks of varying sizes into
their development plans. Aditionally, each city
We hear lots of rhetoric about helping the underprivileged and those in lower socio- maintains its own parks, for example Goodyear
economic levels, so this is an opportunity for the County to show that they do care about Camper, Hiker, Community Park that offers ramada rentals and other
Survey Monkey 30 the people who can not afford their own grassy areas for family use. Equestrian, Other x family-friendly activities.
Camper, Hiker, Park records, in fact, show declining visitation over the
Survey Monkey 30 The County claims that the attendance has dropped off in the past few years. Equestrian, Other x last decade.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
Declining visitation unfortunately results in declining
revenue for park projects. Refer to 2011 Marketing
That may be due to their lack of upkeep, their lack of advertising, and the lack of events Camper, Hiker, Plan. Demand for large scale events has declined over
Survey Monkey 30 available to the public. Equestrian, Other x the years as other venues have been established.
The 20,000 plus visitors who used to line up to use the park shows how badly a park of Camper, Hiker, Park records in fact show declining visitation over the
Survey Monkey 30 this type is needed. Equestrian, Other x last decade.
This lack of attendance was caused by the County… • Sunday’s were busy with baseball Camper, Hiker,
Survey Monkey 30 teams…. until the fields were left to deteriorate. Equestrian, Other x Operational. Thank you for your input.
• Ramada’s were full with picnickers….. until the picnic benches and barbeque pits were Camper, Hiker,
Survey Monkey 30 worn out or damaged beyond usage. Equestrian, Other x Operational. Thank you for your input.
• Campers enjoyed the trees and grass….. until things were left to dry out because the Camper, Hiker,
Survey Monkey 30 irrigation system wasn’t repaired. Equestrian, Other x Operational. Thank you for your input.
No new or additional "restrictions" have been put into
• Events were held at the Rodeo ground, and trails rides were planned….. until the place. Events have been planned, however, when
County made so many restrictions that entrepreneurs gave up trying to jump through Camper, Hiker, attendance is low the consessionaires are not able to
Survey Monkey 30 hoops. Equestrian, Other x make the even finacially viable for their operation.
Requests have been made over the years asking for funding and manpower to improve the park,
or at a minimum, at least keep it maintained properly. Using the prison workers helped with
picking up litter, but they had little heart for their chores. Maintenance men employed by the
County were needed and we saw the labor pool shrink from 4 to 2 in just a couple of years. This
was a set-up for failure with over 65 acres of grass and trees to maintain, 10 covered Ramadas, Camper, Hiker,
Survey Monkey 30 two playgrounds, picnic tables, two lighted ball fields, and a rodeo arena. Equestrian, Other x Operational. Thank you for your input.
Equipment was requested and promised, only to be diverted to other parks a little more Camper, Hiker, Declining visitation unfortunately results in declining
Survey Monkey 30 ‘upscale’. It seemed that Estrella made the money, but got the scraps. Equestrian, Other x revenue for park projects.
The County would not even have this beautiful addition to the Park system if it had not
been for the forward thinking, civic minded ranchers like Jim King, who donated time, Thank you for your comment. The park was, indeed,
money, and solicited other ranchers and companies like APS and Caterpillar to donate Camper, Hiker, founded between a community grassroots effort and
Survey Monkey 30 towards this well- needed and disserved amenity to the west valley. Equestrian, Other x the County acquiring additional federal lands.
In the Article “Life of J.L. King” he comments: “This could be one of the greatest parks in
the state because it will be diversified in its type. We have the mountain range, flat and
rolling ground with good soil for a city type park, and possible golf course, and the lake
would be stocked with fish for the sportsman. The surface has just been scratched.” J. L. Camper, Hiker,
Survey Monkey 30 King, Chairman, Estrella Mountain Park Equestrian, Other x Thank you for input.
When the Park was created, the County was “focused on having the foresight in The Departments current vision and mission support
designating land for public use so that future generations will have a place to go and the focus mentioned in the quote. The park is over
connect to the desert, and the natural habitat and settings”. What happened to that Camper, Hiker, 18,000 acres and has miles of trails to connect with
Survey Monkey 30 focus?? Equestrian, Other x nature and view natural habitat settings.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
In your comment “While certain elements of the 1988 Park Master Plan have been Tempe Town Lakes relies on a source of water via dams
completed; other elements are no longer relevant as recreation trends and park uses and has major infrastructure and heavy development
have changed over time.” Imagine if Tempe had thought in that manner when surrounding it. It is not the intention of the Department
contemplating the construction of Tempe Town Lakes. That project caused a burst of Camper, Hiker, to spearhead such major infrastructure/construction
Survey Monkey 30 tourist business and economic growth in that area. They had VISION. Equestrian, Other x projects.
Not many areas are fortunate enough to have access to a river and it’s many benefits, so
why not make Estrella Park the ‘destination point” that it can be with a little work, River access is being considered for inclusion in the
imagination, and return of some of the money that the Park has earned for the County Camper, Hiker, master plan draft alternative(s) and in accordance to
Survey Monkey 30 over the years. Equestrian, Other the El Rio Watercourse Master Plan implementation.
I have filled out one of the ASU Visitor Survey used by the Park, and found the questions
to be a little ‘directional’ in that it fails to ask questions relating to what people WISHED Camper, Hiker, Thank you. This feedback will be relayed to ASU for
Survey Monkey 30 for the park. Equestrian, Other x future visitor use surveys.
Those who remember back to the beautiful area, as it was, are sad to see it in such a Camper, Hiker,
Survey Monkey 30 disheveled mess. No wonder they look for other options for family gatherings. Equestrian, Other x Operational.
There are such wonderful possibilities available for this park. A water feature, fishing pond, the
amphitheater improved and events advertised, open up the park with more trailhead access for
horses (iron rangers), craft shows, work in conjunction with the Tres Rios festival (also be available
to host the event in the case of them being rained out along the Gila River as was done in 2010), This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
open up more camping space and build shower facilities. These are only a few ideas available for Camper, Hiker, evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 30 this beautiful piece of ground. Equestrian, Other alternative(s).
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
There is nothing wrong with the current purpose, only the deplorable condition that the County Camper, Hiker, evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
Survey Monkey 30 has let it evolve to. Equestrian, Other alternative(s).
Playgrounds were a safety issue and in need of
replacement throughout the Department regardless of
You state in your Master plan revision that you have not made up your minds yet and are this master plan update. New playground equipment
accepting public input…. So, if that is the case, why are the playgrounds being removed? Camper, Hiker, was chosen to focus on desert life rather than standard
Survey Monkey 30 It seems that you are only giving lip service to what has already been decided. Equestrian, Other x metal equipment.
The 1988 master plan (p99) calls for an approx 50 acre sports
complex to include 12 softball fields, football/soccer,
volleyball, tennis, basketball, racquetball, playgrounds, and a
I have included an article from the West Valley View celebrating the 50th celebration for Estrella full service concession stand. The Department began
Park. It tells a little about all the hard work and community commitment involved in developing discussion with the youth sports group several years ago
the Park. The intention was to create a recreation area for families to enjoy in perpetuity. This following the direction of the 1988 plan. The planning
park is a fabulous recreational resource for the public to go out and just enjoy. It was created as a process includes evaluating all existing conditions and
benefit for the common people & to deviate so far from the original intention is an egregious potential park improvement opportunities - as well as asking
abandonment of trust by County officials. The land, improvements and purpose were secured and for public input - something that has been done with past
accepted by men of character and honor. Their vision was true and honest, as important today as Camper, Hiker, planning efforts and continues today with current planning
Survey Monkey 30 it was then. There are no excuses to justify such an abandonment of trust. Equestrian, Other x efforts.
Do you remember your VISION for the Park system? Vision: Our vision is to connect people with
nature through regional parks, trails and programs, inspire an appreciation for the Sonoran desert
beauty and natural open spaces, and create life-long positive memories. Somehow I don’t find Camper, Hiker, The Department is updating the park's master plan, not
Survey Monkey 30 baseball fields mentioned in your ‘Vision”. Equestrian, Other x its system-wide vision.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
WEST VALLEY VIEW APRIL 14, 2004 50th Anniversary for Estrella Mt. Regional Park Excerpts… A
family affair Dennis McCarthy, director of the Maricopa County Parks Department, and Jim King
secured Caterpillar Tractor Co. to build about 2½ miles of roads in the park. The company donated
its labor for the project, which would have cost $25,000. The location of the roads, however,
needed to be staked out first. “But the park didn’t have any employees yet, so I took my three
little kids,” King said. “They carried bundles of lath and hammers and things, and we went out
there and staked out the roads.” He also was hands-on in building Estrella Mountain Golf Course
adjacent to the park, operating the heavy equipment to clear the desert floor. His major role in the
creation of the park, as well as businesses in the West Valley, was bringing the relevant parties
together, King said. “He just had a genuine interest in seeing Goodyear develop, culturally and
everyway,” King’s wife, Gloria, said. She and King remain active in the community, including as
members of the new organization Friends of the Park, a group dedicated to promoting and raising
money for Estrella Mountain Regional Park. (“Friends” refers to Citizens For Estrella Mt. Park,
CEMP) “If it wasn’t for the foresight of Jim King and some of the original founders, we wouldn’t be
here,” said Mollyann Garrett, supervisor of the park. “I think it’s just a huge asset to have this kind
of open, public space saved, and that they had the foresight 50 years ago to save this for the Camper, Hiker,
Survey Monkey 30 future.” Equestrian, Other x Reference to article.
All comments are taken into consideration as the
Camper, Hiker, Department progresses through the master plan
Survey Monkey 30 I appreciate your true consideration on this matter Equestrian, Other update process.
The 1988 master plan (p99) calls for an approx 50 acre sports
complex to include 12 softball fields, football/soccer,
volleyball, tennis, basketball, racquetball, playgrounds, and a
Number one question: If soccer fields and baseball fields are so vital to the recreational full service concession stand. The Department began
well being of the area/community, why do they need to be placed in the county park discussion with the youth sports group several years ago
rather than appropriate nearby land that should be available or (re-purposed) for following the direction of the 1988 plan. The Department
recreational sports? Still no clear answer to this question without further research and held no meeting regarding this park on May 12 - unsure what
Survey Monkey 31 investigation. Answers on May 12 were unsatisfactory. Hiker, Picnicker this is in regards to.
would like to see notebook, dry erase board, chalk board or any other place to write
comment card 32 down what has been seen in the park recently - birds, mammals, reptiles, etc x Thank you for your input.
We are excited to see new development with the playground area, however are hoping This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
that we will not lose the equipment. A splash pad would be an absolute wonderful evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
comment card 33 addition to the recreational areas. Other: parent alternative(s).

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
I am a horse LOVER and I used to help my parents with their Quarter Horse Ranch south of
beautiful Billings, Montana! We called it Shangrila! AND, IT WAS! We took, without question, the
occasional odors, blocked poo paths, fleas, ticks, biting flies, Giant Bumble Bee's and ALL the things
that COME with HAVING, breeding, riding, and LOVING these MAGNIFICENT animals God gave
US!!! Not to mention the PURE ENJOYMENT WE GLEANED FROM THEM!!! I am in COMPLETE DIS
BELIEF that this Concerns ANYONE who enjoys playing in the BEAUTIFUL OUTDOORS, and I CAN'T
BELIEVE ANYONE would want to BAN an animal for doing what comes naturally!! I personally have
had MANY mishaps while riding, feeding, grooming,and / OR transporting our horses.The times
this is done, is at the Race, Show, or OUR home STABLES(On a daily basis!) IF, I was visiting a
friend, in their yard, in town, and he relieved himself, of course, I'd clean THAT up! But, I would
NEVER HAVE THOUGHT of doing it, while out riding the Range! That's just ABSURED, RIDICULOUS,
LUDICROUS, and REALLY UN NATURAL! ! Has HE NEVER had to " Find a bush " while out hiking?
And did HE clean it up???? I rather doubt it! So, WHY, NOW, is it NO longer ACCEPTABLE to a few
people, who find it offensive, hard to step around, or a cause for insect parties? What is the the
BIG DEAL? The Good Lord made NATURAL garbage disposals for ALL His creatures, and it's worked
for a Million plus years, with NO PROBLEMS!!! I SINCERELY HOPE YOU DO NOT BAN HORSES, OR
ANY OTHER CRITTERS FROM YOUR RANCH(which would BE IMPOSSIBLE)!! THAT WOULD BE A
MAJOR CRIME AND THEE BIGGEST MISTAKE OF THIS CENTURY!!!! The handful if people that MAY
consider the BAN a NECESSITY before THEY would visit your Ranch or the Park , will have to find a
new place to hike, which would be THEIR LOSS, or accept NATURE, AS IT IS INTENEDED, in ALL ITS The Parks Department will remain a multi-use trail
GLORY!! DO NOT GIVE IN OR GIVE UP ON THIS MAJOR ISSUE!! PLEASE feel free to ask me to vote system to welcome human foot traffic, bike riders, and
email 34 or comment on your behalf! I am on YOUR SIDE TO KEEP HORSES on your Ranch!!! x equistrians.
understand that you all are making decisions on the recreational and future events for
the beautiful Estrella Mountain Park. I would like to express my request for supporting Operational. The Department is not considering
the continuance of the events and horseback riding provided by the Corral Horseback eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
Riding Adventures company. Our girl scout troop enjoy this establishment, as a group, Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
and we personally, as a family, love to take part on occasion for family outings. Please try and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 35 and keep this special provider on your grounds for future use. x is in place.
We absolutely LOVE the services that Corral West provides, both for our extended family events as Operational. The Department is not considering
well as for our school and Girl Scout events. Its such a wonderful option to have available at eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
Estrella. It seems that most things are always being located in the far east valley or up north, Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
making them not feasible for the west side families. Please keep them in our park, we look and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 36 forward to seeing them in the spring and fall. Great group of kind, caring, professional people. x is in place.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
I am writing to you to express my strong support of the continued operation of Corral West
Adventures in the Estrella Mountain Regional Park. I visit family in the Phoenix area regularly. My
family has visited Corral West’s operation near Goodyear. My daughter is a wrangler with the
Bittons’ Idaho operation in the summer. I own a sheep ranch in Idaho that operates on more than
875,000 acres of public and private rangeland. (See {website redacted} for details.) I have worked
with many outfitters over the years. I have known Jeff and Deb Bitton for more than 15 years,
have used their services many times in Idaho, and can honestly tell you that I know of no other
horse outfitter that operates with the same competence, professionalism and commitment to
service. During the busy fall of 2002, when all of our horses were busy with sheep bands in the
mountains, the Bittons outfitted a 184-mile trip on horseback from Lava Lake Ranch to Stanley,
Idaho, during which we toured 13 of our grazing allotments, all without incident in very
challenging terrain. Although the rides in the Estrella Mountains may be at a different scale, I know
Corral West delivers what the public increasingly yearns for – an authentic experience with dust Operational. The Department is not considering
and horse sweat, through beautiful country, with friendly helpful people. As the years go by, it is eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
harder to find this sort of opportunity. I think the citizens of and visitors to Maricopa County Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
deserve to have this amenity continue to be available to them. I am delighted to address any and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 37 questions you may have. x is in place.
I would like to take a moment to mention a great asset at and to Estrella Mountain Regional Park
and that is the Corral West Horse Adventures located at the Rodeo/Horse Arena. Myself, as well,
as many of my friends have used Corral West many times a year over the past three years. We
have enjoyed it and continue to go back for more. It is a great way to see parts of the park that
would otherwise go unnoticed except for the few that would venture out into its depths hiking or
biking. Corral West offers a unique experience of horseback rides, wagon rides, and cookouts for
families and friends. I believe it would be a huge disservice to the community to lose such a
business as this. One that adds a unique experience that can not be found anywhere else close to Operational. The Department is not considering
Goodyear. In closing, consider Corral West an amenity to the park and the public while eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
reevaluating the plan for parks usage and what it has to offer to the public now and in the future. Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
If you would like additional feedback feel free to contact me at {phone number redacted}. and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 38 Thanking you in advance for your time. x is in place.
My daughter is in a girls scout troop and we have been going to Corral West for the last three
years. This is an event that our troop loves so very much and they look forward to it every year. Operational. The Department is not considering
They work extra hard in cookie sales so that they are able to go ride horses and have smores by eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
the fireplace. It is an amazing experience for them. This year a couple of the girls have gone more Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
than once and have made many great memories. We hope those fun times and memories and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 39 continue for them. The owners, Deb and Jeff are wonderful people. They run a first class business. x is in place.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
I understand that as part of the plan for the park you are considering the inclusion of horseback
riding in the park. If the plan is anything like the current operation I would urge you not to include
horseback riding in the park. The reason is that the horse operators do a poor job when it comes
to sharing trails with other park users. That is because they do not pick-up or clean-up after their
mounts. If I take a dog in the park I have to clean-up after it. Why don’t the horse riders do the
same. At times trails are not useable by hikers because they are covered with horse droppings.
Hikers can’t enjoy the scenery because they are too busy watching where they step. Park rule R-
105 No. 5 Prohibits “Allowing dogs and/or other animals to create a nuisance, noise or disturbance
in any area.” I think that blocking park trails with horse manure, a product that attracts flies and
gives off a foul odor, is clearly a nuisance. Why you would consider including such an activity is
beyond comprehension. Park rule R-105 No. 6 Prohibits the “Failure of owners of pets to properly
remove and dispose of any waste.” Why would you permit a park concessionaire to avoid this rule Operational. The Department is not considering
when private individuals riding the own pet horses are required to comply. I have taken the liberty changing a park rule or policy to ban or otherwise
of cc’ing Jennifer Waller since she and I have discussed this issue on several occasions. I would like eliminate horses or other animals from the park. The
to address the Commission about this issue when they are next considering the inclusion of horses commentor has been contacted and given information
email 40 in the park. Can you please let me know how to arrange this. x on how to address the Parks Commission.
Wanted to take a moment to tell you how important it is for the community to have Corral West
Adventures at your park. It's my understanding there are planning discussions under way as to
what activities/programs will be offered. This is one program, without doubt, that brings a great
deal of value to the park. The experience our family, Girl Scout troop and many other friends of
ours have had with Corral West Adventures is amazing, memories that last forever. Not only do
Jeff and Deb run an incredibly well established business - they are so connected with their visitors
it only makes us come back for more. This just means more revenue for the park as well as
bringing awareness of the park and its other programs to more people. My daughter attended a
Girl Scout horseback trail ride in March - it was intended to be a one time event for the year. It
was so amazing (we brought 16 riders) that since end of March...we have gone back three more
times! Including one night for a cookout which was the most magical evening ever. Not only have
we gone back three more times in the last month, but we brought friends each time = more
visitors to the park because of Corral West Adventures. I realize there are lots of options you may
be considering for the park overall, Corral West Adventures is one that should remain part of your
program offering. It's a business based on creating memories for their riders - managed based on
strong ethical business practices - and we already have plans to visit all the time next year! As a Operational. The Department is not considering
community we need Corral West Adventures at Estrella Mountain Ranch Park - we ask that you changing a park rule or policy to ban or otherwise
continue to make this part of the valuable programs and resources you provide. It is an amazing eliminate horses or other animals from the park. The
opportunity to experience horse back riding and cookouts with them. Can't wait for next year. commentor has been contacted and given information
email 41 Thank you for your consideration. x on how to address the Parks Commission.
email 42 Duplicate comments from SurveyMonkey #30 entry. x See responses to SurveyMonkey #30 entry.
Deb and Jeff of Corral West adventures where professional and caring while working with our boy
scout troop. They served roughly 50 scouts for us the day that we where their. I have not worked
with a team as great as theirs during an outing. They out real emphasis on each and every one of
our scouts having a fun and safe time. As a troop we were beginning to work with them on being Operational. The Department is not considering
available to the whole of the scouting community over the coming years. I know that camping at eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
the park and enjoying the trail rides really went hand in hand. we were unable to find a location Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
that could accommodate us as well s Corral West Adventures did. Thanks Deb and Bob for your and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 43 dedication to the outdoors . x is in place.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
I couldn't make it to tonight's meeting regarding the future park planning so I thought I would
email my thoughts. I am an outdoor enthusiast and enjoy spending my time on the trails, hiking
and horseback riding. I enjoy the recreation that Maricopa County Parks provide, especially the
Estrella Regional Park. My hope would be that the Estrella Regional Park would continue to host
guided horseback ride concessionaires. This is a great option for horse-lovers who may not have Operational. The Department is not considering
horses or for people who can't physically hike the trails to see the beautiful views that the park eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
provides. I enjoy seeing a variety of users on the trails and having a place that I can take friends Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
and family to do safe, guided horseback activities. I believe that it is a wonderful service to offer and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 44 park users as many people dream of seeing the desert on horseback. x is in place.
I would like to express my extreme concern regarding the future at our beloved park. The open
space and the opportunities that are in place now have been a blessing to my friends and family. Operational. The Department is not considering
We have especially been enjoying the fairly new addition of the horses! Friends and family have eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
learned how to ride and care for these lovely animals by taking lessons given by Corral West Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
Adventures. Our family has taken trail rides and many fabulous rides in the wagon. We absolutely and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 45 love the bon fires and BBQ’s. We hope that this operation will continue for many years to come. x is in place.
We have visited phoenix for the past few years and were thrilled to find Corral West in Estrella
park. We now make you a destination just so we can partake in the Horse rides to view your
beautiful area. We have enjoyed the wagon/dinner rides so much, we gather our friends and
family there to enjoy the activities of Corral West. Deb and Jeff Bitton (and the rest of their team) Operational. The Department is not considering
are wonderful to work with. Bittons have gone out of their way to be personable and eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
knowledgeable. Deb facilitated and advised us to help make our visit to your park fantastic. We Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
have Estrella and Corral West on our yearly schedules. I hope you do everything you can to keep and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 46 this wonderful activity available for the rest of us. They are a gem! x is in place.
I am writing in reply to your comments regarding the Master Plan for Estrella Park, where there's
consideration of removing the grassed area of the park, and putting in a ball field . We volunteered
as hosts there for 2 years and totally enjoyed the wonderful people who worked so hard for the
Park. In fact, we were the ones who formed the Citizens for Estrella Mt Park (CEMP) as a non-
profit organization. The feature that sets Estrella Park apart from the other County Parks is the
wonderful grassed area, surrounded by trees and open areas for families to enjoy Frisbee, kick
ball, and just run around. Each Park has it's own unique feature, and Estrella Park's was the
expanse of grass and beautiful trees. Once this is taken away, it can never be replaced. Don't make
changes for change sake..... save the money and use it to improve what is there. Yes, the Ramada's
need repair, but structurally they are reparable, and you can replace a lot of tables and benches
for the cost of building another baseball diamond. I respectfully request that you please do not
remove this wonderful area to accommodate the baseball teams. Remodel what field you have All comments are taken into consideration as the
(which will save you money) and improve the large grassed area for families to enjoy.... Easter egg Department progresses through the master plan
email 47 hunts, Scout campouts, family reunions with field games, etc. update process.
Is there any plan to increase the number of campsites available at Estrella Park? It's the This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
perfect place to stop when cycling to Gila Bend, but there are not enough campsites, evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
email 48 restrooms and showers. alternative(s).

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
Please find below an email that I posted on our community email last week following a wonderful
evening with Corral West Horse Adventures. I feel this venue is just coming into its own and is such
a wonderful asset to the West Valley. Many people are just learning of this and are excited that we
would not have to drive to Scottsdale or the far East Valley to enjoy some of the history of this
area. Our grandkids were so thrilled to be "cowboys" and ride into the desert mountains. City kids
need experiences like this. Please do not stop Corral West from continuing their programs in the
park. / Just want to share a great evening that we experienced last night at Corral West Horse
Adventures in the Estrella Mtns. We enjoyed a one hour horse back ride through the regional park,
arriving at a lovely site surrounded by mountains and overlooking the Phoenix valley. There we
were treated to appetizers and a catered BBQ supper. Later a huge bonfire was lit and a guitar
playing, singing cowboy hosted a sing along. Lastly we toasted marshmallows and enjoyed
s'mores. We were taken back to our cars in a large wagon, pulled by two energetic draft horses. If
someone does not want to ride horseback, the wagon is available...esp. for younger children. All
this and right in our own back yard...less that 1/2 hr. away! We had taken our kids and grands Operational. The Department is not considering
from MN there over spring break and they loved it. They also furnish hats, chaps, boots and toy eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
guns if desired. The owners, Deb and Jeff Bitton are closing down for the season this week and Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
going back to Utah. They will return with all the horses in the fall when the temps allow. Give them and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 49 a try...it's so much fun and a great time for visiting friends and family. x is in place.
Operational. The Department is not considering
eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
Keep the horse concessions in the parks. They are one of the few money generators at and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 50 Estrella. x is in place.
Operational. The Department is not considering
My husband and I enjoyed a sunset horseback riding in the Estrella mountains last year. It eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
was in April and the desert flowers were in bloom. Gorgeous! We are in our mid sixties Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
and we always felt safe and the guide pointed out various cactus, flowers and landmarks. and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 51 It would be a shame if this were no longer available for all to enjoy. x is in place.
IN THE REVISED MASTER PLAN FOR ESTRELLA PARK, WE ENCOURAGE YOU TO INCLUDE THE
HORSE RIDING ADVENTURES CURRENTLY PROVIDED BY CORRAL WEST HORSE ADVENTURES.
THIS IS ONE OF THE FINEST USES THE PARK PROVIDES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE AND OLD ALIKE
WITH HORSE RIDES AND HORSE DRAWN WAGON RIDES FOR THOSE THAT CANNOT RIDE A
HORSE. . IT TAKES YOU BACK IN TIME WHEN COWBOYS ROAMED THE RANGE. IT HAS THE
CHUCKWAGON BBQ REMINISCENT OF THE OLD CATTLE DRIVES WHEN COOKIE SERVED UP
THE BEANS AND HARDTACK. BEING OUT THERE IN THE ESTRELLA MOUNTAINS AS THE SUN
SETS IS A THING OF GREAT BEAUTY AND LOOKING UP AT THE STARS THAT SHINE SO CLEARLY
WITH AN OCCASIONAL FALLING STAR IS ABOUT AS CLOSE TO HEAVEN AS CITY SLICKERS
FROM THE WEST VALLEY WILL EVER GET ON THIS EARTH. THIS IS THE DEFINITION OF
RECREATION AND WE ENCOURAGE YOU TO CONTINUE TO PROVIDE IT AND PROMOTE IT.
WHEN MY FAMILY AND FRIENDS COME FROM BACK EAST, I TAKE THEM TO ESTRELLA PARK
AND THE CORRAL WEST HORSE ADVENTURES. THEY JUST LOVE IT, AND MORE AND MORE
PEOPLE HERE IN PEBBLE CREEK ARE DISCOVERING THIS JEWEL IN THE DESERT Operational. The Department is not considering
MOUNTAINS, AND WHEN WE SIT AROUND THE CAMPFIRE AND SING THE OLD HOME ON THE eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
RANGE", WE GET VISIONS OF ROY AND GENE AND TOM MIX RIDING HARD TO CATCH THE Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
RUSTLERS AND I STILL SEE GABBY SAYING "YER DERN TOOTIN'". PLEASE KEEP THIS LINK WITH THE and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 52 OLD WEST. IT IS ONE OF THE BEST RECREATIONS WE HAVE. THANK YOU. x is in place.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
Operational. The Department is not considering
Please keep Estrella horse friendly. Coral West Adventures has really made a difference at eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
the park. Our park system in Maricopa County, more and more seem to be less friendly to Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
our Western Heritage that tamed this great land. Please keep this tradition for our kids and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 53 and their kids. x is in place.
Thank you for reaching out the Audubon Important Bird Area program. The lower Salt and Gila
Rivers IBA is adjacent to Estrella Mountain Park. The park has been a historic and valued partner in
celebrating the river, including hosting the Tres Rios Nature Festival in past years. Our local
chapter, Sonoran Audubon Society, has a partnership with the park, offering guided bird walks at
the park. It appears the park only identifies the guide, Joe Ford, and not his affiliation with
Sonoran Audubon Society. I am hoping that members of this chapter have been engaged in the
earlier public meeting held in January. Your communication is the first I had heard of this effort. I
will forward your email to them, as they will likely have more site specific comments. As a note,
Audubon is keenly interested in the unfolding of the El Rio project and any remediation of
adjacent sand and gravel operations along the river. We would encourage restoration of natural
channel functions as much as is possible. The current value of this IBA is largely found in the river
channel and associated backwaters that are suitable for the Federally endangered Yuma
Ridgeways’ (formerly clapper) rail and native riparian habitats that would be suitable for breeding
neotropical migrants. From a park planning perspective a route offering safe pedestrian passage Audubon contact(s) will be added to future stakeholder
from the park to the river with appropriate river edge trails would be highly desirable. Feel free to communications. These options are being considered
email 54 contact me if you would like additional information. for inclusion in the master plan alternative(s).
I had a few more ideas for the park but I don't want to flood your email. If it would be best to wait
until the next meeting please let me know. In the meantime here are a few things I thought of. The
EYS sports complex drew a few negative remarks due to it taking away from the quite are in the
park. Perhaps the amphitheater could be made into a bit of a quiet area. Add a ramada or two at
the top maybe. It just seems a shame to have it not used. I'm still trying to find a use for it. One
other thought was a beginner or youth trail through the infield of the park. Possibly even run up a
hill a bit. Nearly all the trails in the park go up. That can be intimidating to the younger crowd.
Having a place for them to run or ride would be great. The EYS facility could attract a younger
crowd that may have never experienced the enjoyment of trails. Making it easily accessible for
them would be a nice way to introduce them to the fun that awaits up the hills. Thanks for all your This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
hard work. I have the survey out to those I know. With any luck you are getting some good ideas evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
email 55 and information. alternative(s).
As a once a week hiker at Estrella Park, I would like to see the horses gone. They are a
hazard to hikers who must constantly side step the horse poop. I'm surprised we don't The Parks Department will remain a multi-use trail
have a lot of broken or sprained ankles. If you keep the horses they should be limited to a system to welcome human foot traffic, bike riders, and
email 56 few trails so hikers can get back to enjoying the area. x equestrians.
Operational. The Department is not considering
I hope you will consider the great nitch that the horses and wagons, cowboys and eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
buckboards and BBQ’s fill so appropriately in the environs of Estrella Mt. Regional Park, Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
as something that should continue to be part of the future of the park. It seems to me to and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 57 be the perfect place for such an activity. x is in place.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
I am writing in support of Equestrian recreational activities in Estrella Mountain Regional Park. This
is an excellent recreational activity to be offered in the park. Corral West Horse Adventures has
enhanced this service to visitors and residents of the West Valley. The West Valley has limited
recreational resources to draw tourists and visitors. Corral West has entertained visitors from all
over the world bringing them to enjoy the beautiful desert in Estrella Mountain Regional Park.
They have enjoyed the fun, exciting trail rides through out the park with their family and friends.
The horse drawn wagon tours and cowboy cookouts have brought visitors back to the park again Operational. The Department is not considering
and again for an experience they can not get anywhere else in the west valley. Equestrian activities eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
in Estrella Mountain Regional park should always be available as a recreational activity. These Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
activities also brings additional income to the park which makes Equestrian recreational activities a and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 58 must. x is in place.
The Corral West Horse Adventure is a Recreation we DO NOT want to lose. IN THE REVISED
MASTER PLAN FOR ESTRELLA PARK, WE ENCOURAGE YOU TO INCLUDE THE HORSE RIDING
ADVENTURES CURRENTLY PROVIDED BY CORRAL WEST HORSE ADVENTURES. THIS IS ONE OF THE
FINEST USES THE PARK PROVIDES FOR YOUNG & OLD PEOPLE ALIKE WITH HORSE RIDES AND
HORSE DRAWN WAGON RIDES FOR THOSE THAT CANNOT RIDE A HORSE. IT TAKES YOU BACK IN
TIME WHEN COWBOYS ROAMED THE RANGE. BEING OUT THERE IN THE ESTRELLA MOUNTAINS AS
THE SUN SETS IS A THING OF GREAT BEAUTY AND LOOKING UP AT THE STARS THAT SHINE SO
CLEARLY WITH AN OCCASIONAL FALLING STAR IS ABOUT AS CLOSE TO HEAVEN AS CITY SLICKERS
FROM THE WEST VALLEY WILL EVER GET ON THIS EARTH. THIS IS THE DEFINITION OF RECREATION
AND WE ENCOURAGE YOU TO CONTINUE TO PROVIDE IT AND PROMOTE IT. WHEN OUR FAMILY Operational. The Department is not considering
AND FRIENDS COME TO VISIT US, WE TAKE THEM TO ESTRELLA PARK AND THE CORRAL WEST eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
HORSE ADVENTURES. THEY JUST LOVE IT, AND MORE AND MORE PEOPLE HERE IN PEBBLECREEK Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
ARE DISCOVERING THIS JEWEL IN THE DESERT MOUNTAINS. PLEASE KEEP THIS LINK WITH THE OLD and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 59 WEST. IT IS ONE OF THE BEST RECREATIONS WE HAVE. THANK YOU. x is in place.
To Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Representatives; My wife and I are very
distressed over the counties plan to restructure Estrella Mountain Park from a family
oriented picnic and environmental recreational area to a sport's facility for the city of
Goodyear. We have been neighbors, volunteers and park hosts to Estrella Mountain
email 60 Regional Park for 15 years and have the following comments. x Thank you for your service.
The Department is not anticipating any net loss of ramadas.
Declining visitation/revenue has been in a steady decline for
nearly a decade and is not likey in response to sports field
discussions. The 1988 master plan (p99) calls for an approx
1) We do not need to reduce Ramada’s. They have been a major source of income. Improvement 50 acre sports complex to include 12 softball fields,
of these is needed. We are not happy in how negotiations with the group supposedly redoing the football/soccer, volleyball, tennis, basketball, raquetball,
baseball fields has been going. We have lost revenue in the nearly 3 years since negotiations playgrounds, and a full service consession stand. The
started. The idea to put in some soccer fields might be somewhat merited, but the plan for 6 fields Department began discussion with the youth sports group
email 60 and then turning over operation of these fields will impact picnic areas. x several years ago following the direction of the 1988 plan.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
2) Generations have been attending Estrella Mountain Regional Park. Changing the structure from
a family oriented park to a sports facility is not what the community wants or needs. Re-seed the
picnic area, repair the irrigation system, add new playgrounds, replace picnic tables and BBQ’s, The 1988 master plan (p99) calls for an approx 50 acre
purchase lawn mowers, bring better water and electric to the Ramada’s so guests can use them. sports complex to include 12 softball fields,
Bring back our customers. When the park had grass and playgrounds nearly 20,000 visitors came
to the park over Easter weekend. The Ramada’s were filled every weekend with birthdays, football/soccer, volleyball, tennis, basketball,
anniversaries, family reunions, and wedding receptions. Estrella Park was the highest income raquetball, playgrounds, and a full service consession
producer next to Lake Pleasant. People came for the grass. Boy Scouts, girl scouts and families stand. The Department began discussion with the
stayed over night to camp and setup tents on real grass. It was the only grass in the Maricopa youth sports group several years ago following the
email 60 County Park System. x direction of the 1988 plan.
The proposed sport facility is not initiated by the City of
3) The city of Goodyear has land they can use for these sports facilities. They should use Goodyear but rather from a local non-profit,
their own property and water and not the County Park’s. Will the City of Goodyear or this community and youth-based organization. If
facility group maintain the ball fields. If so are they going to maintain the water pumps, considered for the final master plan, land ownership
hiking, biking and horse riding trails too? We do not want the county to loose control of would not be transferred to other parties but rather
email 60 our park. x use a lease or similar mechanism.
4) The Park has two baseball fields that are not being used because they are not being This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
maintained. Why would adding more ball fields in the current picnic area be better? evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
email 60 Maintain the current ball fields and bring back the Sunday League games. alternative(s).
5) Market the park to get people into the park. Place events in the West Valley View like
the White Tanks do. They have something going on every day in the 9 Days events
section. Place large signs on the edged on the park property advertising playgrounds,
picnic areas, camping areas with grass, hiking, biking and horse trails, horseback riding
facilities, amphitheater, baseball, RV camping, desert trails and river trails, bird watching,
email 60 quail, roadrunners, coyotes, javelins, desert flowers, cacti and trees etc.. x Refer to 2011 Marketing Plan.
6) Add an entrance to the East side of the Park with an Iron Ranger so hikers, bikers and
horse riders have an entrance. Currently park neighbors from the East side of the Park This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
have no entrance. They have to drive 6 miles to the entrance and up to the trailhead to evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
email 60 use the trails that are across the road. alternative(s).
Well said. Thanks for your input. There is room enough in our desert for all to recreate. Separate
paths for the horses is a great solution, and where paths cross, they only need a small sign
indicating the direction for horses. Like you said, some people like horses and don’t mind horse
manure on the trail, and they may well want to hike that trail as well. I have loved horses since I
used to plow with them on grandmother's little farm in West Virginia. I used to plow up Wyandot
(small warlike tribe) arrowheads I’m content to watch them round the curve at the head of the
stretch and hope I have the ticket on the one coming across the wire first. The folks at Corral West
take their horses back to their Mystic Saddle Ranch in Stanley, Idaho. They will return here in the
Fall. We are so fortunate. It only takes about 15 minutes to get from Pebble Creek to the Horse
Operation at Corral West in Estrella Park. They have great picnic facilities in Estrella Park. If you
have never been, you’ve got to go on down, and take a gang (family or club) with you. You will be Operational. The Department is not considering
glad you did. / I would make one correction ... Having specific trails for the humans and horses changing a park rule or policy to ban or otherwise
email 61 WOULD be a terrific idea!! That would solve the problem, RIGHT?? x eliminate horses or other animals from the park.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
My three children and I have enjoyed the Corral West Services offered this past year in the
regional park. As home schoolers, we were thrilled with the opportunity to take horse care and
riding lessons through the Corral on a regular basis this year. Our entire co-op (Estrella Mountain
Home Schoolers, consisting of about 80 local families) were all abuzz about this rare chance and
many took advantage. I truly felt blessed this year to be able to give my children the chance to be
so close to nature and close to the large animals without traveling far from home. My eight-year
old daughter, Mia, absolutely loves horses, and unfortunately, living in the city we haven't the
acreage to own a horse personally. Corral West gave us what just what we needed. Lessons
included horse care, grooming, safety, horse anatomy, horse history, games, riding lessons and
more. My family and fellow home schoolers are so pleased that the Regional Park opened its
doors once again in support of the home school local community (we've used the park in the past Operational. The Department is not considering
for our annual camp outs and have attended the nature talks from time to time). It's my hope that eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
horses will continue to be a part of the Regional Park's offerings as my family has already made Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
plans to visit the park many times again this fall, if only to see the "Big Mist" and the rest of the and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 62 horses at Corral West. x is in place.
I have been a West Valley resident for 13 years. I am an outdoor enthusiast with 3 children. I am
writing this email specifically to the plans for your park. My family has been using the park for the
last tens years in multiple facets. We run, hike, bike and explore the trails frequently as this has
become a bonding time for our family. Over the last two years my daughter has come of age to
ride horses. What better location than the corral at your park. What I opened my eyes to was a
very powerful experience that Corral West provides our kids through their horse camp that my
daughter has been attending. Madison rides in small groups led by Ms. Deb and her staff on
Wednesday afternoon. The lessons in horse care, anatomy, proper riding technique and western
life these kids are getting extends their education in a unique way that I don't know can be done in
other settings. The park provides a safe atmosphere that combined with Deb and Jeff's expertise
and respect for the land is relayed to the kids. I can't tell how many lessons about the park
Madison has come back to tell me. Lessons about the landscape, the plants native to the park, the
animals and climate, to name a few. My son in turn has become excited about the outdoors. He
will hike with my wife and I while Madison rides. On occasion AJ will ride with the family. During
these rides I have seen some spectacular views I would not have been exposed to if not for riding
with Coral West. In your plans moving forward I ask and encourage as a member of this
community to keep Corral West in your plans for the park. They respect the rules of the park, they Operational. The Department is not considering
respect the people using the park, they appreciate the park for its spectacular landscapes and eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
unique views and true beauty. They educate all their riders on these points. I truly believe that Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
Corral West and Estrella Mountain Park could become a destination that people from all over the and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
email 63 Valley come to experience. Thank you for you time and I look to hearing about your decisions. x is in place.
Enclosed is an attachment with our response to the Master Plan Update. We are the
Citizens for Estrella Mountain Park, a group that has supported the park in numerous
ways over its many years. We appreciate your consideration of our comments and ideas
and look forward to continuing, substantial discussion of the matter. Email Attachment:
Our county park support group, The Citizens for Estrella Mountain Park, wishes to
comment on the proposed Master Plan Update as presented on May 12, 2015 at the
Estrella Mountain Park Visitor Center. The Department held no meeting regarding this park
email 64 x on May 12 - unsure what this is in regards to.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
Estrella Park, over the years, has attempted to serve the many diverse communities surrounding
it. The provision of a large “infield” area, previously grassy and fairly well maintained, was unique
among the county parks. It contained contemporary playground equipment for youngsters,
moderately large grassy areas on which games of many types could be played by people of all
ages, numerous well-kept ramadas for picnicking as well as many quickly accessible surrounding
areas for easy, short (or long) hiking and exploration opportunities for short-stay guests. A well
maintained baseball field was often available for official (and even pick-up) games. This well
maintained park has deteriorated in the previous few years. There is not one single reason for the
lack of care, but rather several factors, as enumerated and recorded at the May 12 meeting. The
most important impacting reasons that were pointed to as causes, however, seemed to be: (1) the
slowdown in park attendance over the last few years, thus reducing the funding available for
maintenance; (2) the inability of the County Park system to provide funding above a (less than)
10% level of the park’s needed monies to maintain its ongoing infrastructure (water systems,
grounds care, trail maintenance and much more); and (3) the lack of will, or at least action, to
address and hopefully remedy the ongoing buildup of park deterioration. Yes, there have been
upgrades to some facilities over the years; however, we are not in the present situation because of The Department held no meeting regarding this park
the adequacy of those needed upgrades, as essential as they have been.
email 64 x on May 12 - unsure what this is in regards to.
The 1988 master plan (p99) calls for an approx 50 acre
The desire to change the nature of the experience one has at Estrella Park is, in our view, sports complex to include 12 softball fields,
misguided. The imposition of soccer fields and additional baseball facilities converts a natural park football/soccer, volleyball, tennis, basketball,
setting with light recreational equipment into a “sports complex” setting with the picnic and play
raquetball, playgrounds, and a full service consession
facilities relegated to physical positioning that is not conducive to an experience many would
choose to engage in. My afternoon picnic with family would hardly be planned next to soccer stand. The Department began discussion with the
fields with dozens in attendance. youth sports group several years ago following the
email 64 x direction of the 1988 plan.
There are other ways and means by which, we believe, the area in Estrella Park could be utilized to
help it capture additional revenues. Although, admittedly, several ways need to be more fully
explored, a couple of ideas do seem to merit consideration right now: providing several, even
many, campsites at various locations within the park. These could be operational for any
determined times. Also, holding and publicizing serious park events that would be considered
“draws” for public attendance, with recognition of the park’s existence and its willingness to
engage more community members as well as outsiders. While the events idea may seem
somewhat less than concrete at this moment, a plan with more specifics can be presented for all
to consider. A plan to increase park revenues should not begin with changing its central reasons
This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
for existence over these many years, however, which does not reduce simply to “recreation”
planning. evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
email 64 alternative(s).
A sports field is not a new concept for the park. The 1988
Master Plan calls for a sports field - even allowing a third
party or city to operate it. (Even older planning documents
from the 1960s called for high density uses of various types
The idea of plopping many soccer fields and additional baseball fields in the middle of a in this area including tennis courts and an indoor gymnasium
county park is, to us, unsatisfactory. If such a real need is present within the community among other things.) As part of the City of Goodyear's Parks
for these sports fields, alternative locations most assuredly should be explored before Trails Open Space Master Plan update in late 2014, their
forever changing the present experience of park visitors to the Estrella Mountain analysis showed a lack of and a need for sports fields within
email 64 Regional Park. x the City's planning area.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
Thank you for taking the time to respond to my complaint. I considered the implications of
planting and maintaining turf in a park this size. The cost of water, maintenance and manpower is
monumental to say the least. I am confident the right decisions will be made. Adding additional
toys to the kid area is also good news. Please let me know if there is anything we can do to further
along the process. It's an important landmark that needs to be developed for all the people in the
west side of town. I would further suggest updating the open air amphitheater and renting it out
for events. Local churches, couples planning marriage and concert goers would flock to events at
this location if made available to the public. Please continue the good fight for this beautiful
landmark. We would like for it to remain plain and simple, but manifest destiny appears to be on
the march throughout the west valley. New homes and residents will only increase. I can only ask
that you would keep in mind those old enough to remember when the old amphitheater was in
service and Maricopa County had the money to maintain some of the greenest grass for miles
around. I personally knew the landscaper (George Sanchez). He knew every gopher by name.
Memories of my youth jogging the back trails into my late thirties will always be with me. I would This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
hope one day my son and grandson will be able to do the same. Again, thank you for your evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
email 65 response. Please let me know if I can be of assistance. alternative(s).
email 66 Duplicate comments from email #64 entry. x See responses to email #64 entry.
Below are a couple of viewpoints. I maintain the horse operations are a major form of recreation
in Estrella Park, and one that benefits both young and old alike. This is a wonderful adventure that
brings the modern population closer to the traditions of the old West. It is an ideal form of
recreation that brings us in tune with nature and, in my viewpoint, are what Parks are all
about…..land set aside for public recreation and enjoyment where families and groups of friends
can get away from the stress of the modern world and get in tune with nature, the great outdoors,
and the Old West here in the wonderful Sonoran Desert. {Name redacted}, who enjoys the Park
by hiking through it, has the viewpoint that horses leave products of the natural process of
defecation that he finds offensive. Having been downwind of many a defecating horse, I can
sympathize; however, in the end, I say that is all horse manure. Not Bull, but Horse. {Name
redacted} would like it cleaned up. For Heaven’s sake, this is a desert, not the sidewalks and Operational. The Department is not considering
manicured lawns of Pebble Creek. I would like to know who is cleaning up the droppings of the eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
Coyote, the Bobcat, the Grey Fox, the Javelina, the Mule Deer, the Jackrabbit, and all the other
wild animals roaming the Sonoran Desert. Horses have been a part of the West and Desert for a Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
very long time. Nature has excellent methods of returning the excrements of all animals to the and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
earth, and while they may temporarily inconvenience those walking the same path as the horse, I is in place. The Department is not considering changing
would suggest, if unbearable, take another path. Let’s not get rid of the source of recreation fpr a park rule or policy to ban or otherwise eliminate
email 67 the sake of convenience. Now, that would be Bull Manure. x horses or other animals from the park.
Email attachment: I have to take a different view of this topic. I find the horses to be major
spoilers of the park. As a frequent hiker in this park I often find trails blocked by piles of horse
manure. The manure is offensive, smelly and attracts flies and other pests. Often I am forced off Operational. The Department is not considering
the trail to avoid stepping in the horse droppings. Park rules require users to avoid having their eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
animals create a nuisance, Horse owners and operators ignore this rule.Park rules also require
people to pick up after their pets but this rule is also ignored. Until horse owners and operators Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
can learn to share the parks and cleanup after themselves I think they should be eliminated from and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
the parks. I would urge all park users to write the Maricopa County Parks and is in place. The Department is not considering changing
Recreation Commission and urge them to either ban horses from the park a park rule or policy to ban or otherwise eliminate
email 67 or require all hose operators in the park to clean-up after their animals. x horses or other animals from the park.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
Email Attachment: Fellow PebbleCreekers, I encourage each of you to send a note to the Parks address listed below and ask
them to keep the wonderful horse recreation we have in our own back yard down in Estrella Park next to the Tres Rios Golf
Course. Here is what happened: I received the following message regarding the revision of the Parks Master Plan. "Friends
of Corral West Horse Adventures: Maricopa County Parks is revising the master plan for the Estrella Mountain Regional
Park. This is the park that we operate in providing horseback rides, wagon rides, cowboy cook-outs and arena events. The
park is holding a public meeting tomorrow night, Thursday April 30th at 6:00 inside the Visitor Center at Estrella Mtn.
Regional Park. They are asking for public input on what recreational opportunities should be provided by this park in the
future. We are asking you to attend, call or e-mail your thoughts and others you know that have used our services for the
past three years on the horse activities that are being provided at the park for the recreating public. Your voice is
EXTREMELY important as park personnel will be evaluating public comments for the next 20 years of future planning for
the park. Thanks for your help. Let us know if you have additional questions. Thanks in advance for your your time in this
matter. Jeff & Deb" The Corral West Horse Adventure is a Recreation we DO NOT want to lose. I sent the following to the
Park person listed below: "IN THE REVISED MASTER PLAN FOR ESTRELLA PARK, WE ENCOURAGE YOU TO INCLUDE THE
HORSE RIDING ADVENTURES CURRENTLY PROVIDED BY CORRAL WEST HORSE ADVENTURES. THIS IS ONE OF THE FINEST
USES THE PARK PROVIDES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE AND OLD ALIKE WITH HORSE RIDES AND HORSE DRAWN WAGON RIDES
FOR THOSE THAT CANNOT RIDE A HORSE. . IT TAKES YOU BACK IN TIME WHEN COWBOYS ROAMED THE RANGE. IT HAS THE
CHUCKWAGON BBQ REMINISCENT OF THE OLD CATTLE DRIVES WHEN COOKIE SERVED UP THE BEANS AND HARDTACK.
BEING OUT THERE IN THE ESTRELLA MOUNTAINS AS THE SUN SETS IS A THING OF GREAT BEAUTY AND LOOKING UP AT THE Operational. The Department is not considering
STARS THAT SHINE SO CLEARLY WITH AN OCCASIONAL FALLING STAR IS ABOUT AS CLOSE TO HEAVEN AS CITY SLICKERS eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
FROM THE WEST VALLEY WILL EVER GET ON THIS EARTH. THIS IS THE DEFINITION OF RECREATION AND WE ENCOURAGE Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
YOU TO CONTINUE TO PROVIDE IT AND PROMOTE IT. WHEN MY FAMILY AND FRIENDS COME FROM BACK EAST, I TAKE
THEM TO ESTRELLA PARK AND THE CORRAL WEST HORSE ADVENTURES. THEY JUST LOVE IT, AND MORE AND MORE and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
PEOPLE HERE IN PEBBLE CREEK ARE DISCOVERING THIS JEWEL IN THE DESERT MOUNTAINS, AND WHEN WE SIT AROUND is in place. The Department is not considering changing
THE CAMPFIRE AND SING THE OLD "HOME ON THE RANGE", WE GET VISIONS OF ROY AND GENE AND TOM MIX RIDING a park rule or policy to ban or otherwise eliminate
HARD TO CATCH THE RUSTLERS AND I STILL SEE GABBY SAYING "YER DERN TOOTIN'". PLEASE KEEP THIS LINK WITH THE
email 67 OLD WEST. IT IS ONE OF THE BEST RECREATIONS WE HAVE. THANK YOU.” x horses or other animals from the park.
It is true that no one cleans up after the coyote or the mule deer, but these are wild animals who
roam freely in the desert. The horses on the other hand are property owned by people and
companies. While we do not expect much from wild animals we do have different standards for
people. We expect people to clean-up after themselves. We don’t tolerate littering and we expect
pet owners to clean-up after their pets. Why should we expect less of horse owners than we do of
dog owners? Both want to enjoy our parks with their animals. Both should be respectful of other
park users. For example, park signage encourages users to share the trails. Hard to do when the
trail is blocked by piles of horse manure. Park rule R-105 No. 5 Prohibits “Allowing dogs and/or
other animals to create a nuisance, noise or disturbance in any area.” I think that blocking park
trails with horse manure, a product that attracts flies and gives off a foul odor, is clearly a
nuisance. Horse owners or operators should be required to prevent their animals from creating
such a nuisance and forcing people off the trails. Park rule R-105 No. 6 Prohibits the “Failure of Operational. The Department is not considering
owners of pets to properly remove and dispose of any waste.” This rule applies to horses, as much
eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
as it does to dogs. After all, horse make a much larger mess than dogs and they have the hauling
Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
capacity to easily cart their wastes to a disposal site. There are many different reasons for visiting
our county’s parks and all should be able to use and enjoy our parks. Horse should be allowed, but and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
only if they are good visitors who don’t spoil the ability of others to also enjoy the parks. The old is in place. The Department is not considering changing
adage was “take only pictures, leave only footprints”. Leaving large piles of horse manure is hardly a park rule or policy to ban or otherwise eliminate
email 68 in the spirit of this kind of gentle, non-invasive, non-destructive use of park land. x horses or other animals from the park.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
Operational. The Department is not considering
eliminating Corral West horse rentals from the park.
I think {name redacted} has some excellent points here. The Parks should be able to Corral West is operating under the terms of its contract
accommodate all….. humans, horses, wildlife, dogs, etc. The wildlife, coyotes and such, and may continue to do so for as long as their contract
cannot be controlled. Humans, horses and dogs can be controlled, and should be. I would is in place. The Department is not considering changing
like to suggest the establishment of separate trails for humans and horses. This would a park rule or policy to ban or otherwise eliminate
eliminate the problem of humans having to stumble over piles of horse feces. Horses horses or other animals from the park. It is outside of
essentially need only one trail. Simply designate which is the trail for horses, and the rest the scope of work for the master plan to change trail
can be for human enjoyment. If the trails cross, clearly mark the one for horses. uses; this comment will be forwarded to the Trails
Dogs….they can take their pick. Humans may still encounter the product of wild animals. I Supervisor to keep on file for future trail use
email 69 don’t think the horses will care much one way or the other. So, Happy Trails to all, and x discussions.
We are not able to attend the April 30, 2015 public hearing meeting and have requested that
these comments be read into the minutes. We have been hosts at Estrella Mountain Regional Park
for the past three winter seasons. What makes Estrella special is not that is has a turn area, but
how the area is utilized by the community. In this day and age when we hear about families not
connecting, loss of the skills needed for social interactions due to texting instead od conversations,
and Nature Deficit Disorder the Estrella picnic area helps Maricopa county residents combast
against these trends. Come visit our park any weekend, and often during the week, and you will
find families relaxing and enjoying time together. You will smell charcoal grills cooking hamburgers
and wood fired with marshmallows being toasted to a just right golden brown. You will hear a
variety of music, voices, and laughter. You will see a familiy playing soccer, a group shooting
hoops, people dancing, dads grilling, and kite flying. At all three playgrounds you will find kids
being able to just be kids, climbing and swinging, while families keep watch from nearby ramadas.
The groups you will pass will more often than npt be multi-generational. We have families who
have been marking life's moments in Estrella for generations. They come to our ramadas for baby
and wedding showers, baptismal, christening, and first communion celebrations, birthdays, family
reunions, wedding, and memorial services. You should have stopped by to witness the Spring
Festival of Kite Flying, the Gypsy Rendezvous, a Boy or Girl Scout campout, the Neo Tribale
Gatherings, Soul Brothers Picnic, or Easter Sunday! Do we have picnic table crumbling with age?
Yes. Are some of our ramadas and restrooms in need of repair. Very much so. Our new Super
Playground is wonderful. Our other two playgrounds need some updating. Even so, they are
enjpyed and ramadas reserved so parents can be close at hand as children play. We don't know
what your master plan for Estrella contains. We can only hope you do nto just eliminate what is in
need of repair. We ask you to keep Estrella a park with ramadas for gatherings big and small, more
than one playground for children to enjoy and turf for kity flying and campouts. We implore you to
maintain our turn area so guests can pass on the tradition of celebrating life to their future This option will be considered for inclusion in the
letter 70 generations in Estrella Mountain Regional Park. master plan alternative(s).
This option will be considered for inclusion in the
master plan alternative(s). The 2012 trails plan
social media 71 can't make it tonight, but need more trails with elevation gain and to peaks amendment added a trail at elevation.
Please send in your comments regarding the County's Master Plan. This park has such
potential and your input is needed. Thoughts might include better access from the East
side of the park for hikers & horses... renew the grass areas .... repair Ramadas, BBQ's, This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
tables & improve electric at the ramada sites. A water feature would be nice too to allow evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
social media 72 children to cool off. Keep the ideas coming and send them in to the County Parks Dept. alternative(s).

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from April 30, 2015 Public Open House Meeting
and Department Response
My wife and I live on the east border of Estrella Mountain Regional Park. There is no entrance on
the East side. We would like to have an entrance on the East side of the park for hikers, bikers and
horsemen. The entrance could include an iron ranger to collect park fees. Entrance locations could
be near the intersection of 143rd Avenue and Indian Springs Road or in/near the wash near 143rd
Avenue and W. South Mountain Road. Both locations are close to park road and/or trail. To access
the park now, we have to drive a total of 4.5 miles from home, to the main entrance and then to
the tail head. While the park water hydrant is only a few hundred yards from our house. We have This suggestion(s) or statement(s) will be further
been your neighbors for 14 years and enjoy the park very much. A park entrance on the East side evaluated for inclusion in the master plan draft
letter 73 would be very much appreciated by us and our neighbors. alternative(s).

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from January 30, 2016 Public Open House Meeting
SUMMARY
This public meeting was conducted in a presentation style format; a Power Point presentation was given
along with questions and answers throughout the presentation. Additionally, display boards were
stationed throughout the room and the public was invited to work their way around the room to view
each board after the presentation. Department staff was available to answer any questions and to
engage in discussions during the presentation and afterward. Comment cards were available for
interested parties to provide their comments and feedback. Approximately 36 people signed in for the
meeting but zero comment cards were received.
The Department allowed a 30-day comment period, concluding on February 29, 2016, to provide the
general public adequate time to comment. Figure 1 demonstrates how the various pieces of
communications were received during the 30-day comment period.
Figure 1: Comment Source
(30-day comment period only)
50 45
45
40
35
30
25
20
15 10
10
5 1
0
Online Comment Card Email
Commenters were allowed to choose more than one activity group that best represents themselves. Of
those that specified their preferred activity, “Bicyclists / Mountain Bikers” represented 82% of
respondents, followed by “Hiker” at 47% (figure 2).

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from January 30, 2016 Public Open House Meeting
Figure 2: Breakdown of activity group (if specified)
(30-day comment period only)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Not Camper Hiker Equestrian Bicyclist / Runner Other
specified Mountain
Biker
When public participants were asked if they preferred draft alternative A or draft alternative B, about
76% selected draft alternative B (figure 3). Some participants provided additional comments to express
how they might alter or enhance draft alternative B.
Figure 3: Draft Alternative Preference
(30-day comment period only)
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
A B No answer
Department planning staff reviewed each of the comment cards and surveys received. Out of those 56
communications, Department planning staff recognized 155 unique comments. Further, out of the 155
unique comments, 28 (or about 18 percent) were considered to the out of the scope of the Master Plan
Update. Out of scope means that the comment or suggestion is already covered by another planning
document; it may also mean that the comment pertains to an operational matter; or it may mean that
the comment does not otherwise fall under the purview of a master plan. Other comments deemed out
of scope may also be too generalized or vague to work with. In any case, all comments were forwarded
to park management for their reference.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from January 30, 2016 Public Open House Meeting
Table 2: Unique and Out of Scope Comments
Unique Comments:* 155
Out of Scope Comments: 28
Percent out of scope 18%
*One comment card may have contained more than one type of comment.
Total will exceed number of respondents.
A master plan does not dictate hours of operation, staffing, programing or other day-to-day activities. A
master plan also does not dictate activities that occur outside of park boundaries. As noted at the public
meeting, the purpose of a master plan is to outline the long-range vision for the park as well as
development priorities that will provide for both the public’s enjoyment and the protection of the
park’s resources. A master plan also:
• Serves as a guide and policy document for current and future park staff, partnering agencies,
elected officials, and interested members of the public.
• Guides management of natural, cultural, and recreational resources.
• Considers a range of issues such as staffing, funding, encroachment, wildlife corridors, public
needs, and more.
• Considers staff, stakeholder, and public recommendations.
• Identifies park enhancement opportunities including possible upgrades to park facilities,
recreation infrastructure, restoration opportunities, etc.
The remaining substantive comments will be further evaluated and potentially carried forward into the
recommended or preferred alternative for the master plan. Many of the trail related comments will be
deferred until the next Trail System Plan update and/or Trail Maintenance Manual update as many of
the trail related comments would require a change in established trail use guidelines or perhaps park
policy and that is beyond the scope of this Master Plan Update. Table 3 details each unique comment
received.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from January 30, 2016 Public Open House Meeting
Public Meeting #2
30-Day Public Comment Period
Out of
Method What I like best: Scope
Comment Card RV sites in the arena area.
Comment Card More ballfields by existing field.
Comment Card The vision for park development.
Comment Card camping
Comment Card Yes to field improvements adding fields
Comment Card RV camping
B16 B6 B5 B18 - but not sure how you clear turf of ground squirrels for sports fields
Comment Card without impacting wildlife.
Comment Card B 43 - but what about lighting of night games at sports fields
Comment Card The peak trail. Better & more challeging trails.
Comment Card new restrooms
Comment Card ramada renovation
Comment Card B43 Like Lightscape Plan but how does that square with a lighted soccer field?
Comment Card B16 new peak trail.
Comment Card B5 fixing up ramadas.
Comment Card B6 restroom imp.
Comment Card B16 new peak trail.
Comment Card B5 fixing up ramadas.
Comment Card B6 restroom improvements
Survey Monkey I like that there will be more camping options and potential trail expansion
Survey Monkey I would welcome additional trails
Survey Monkey I don't care for either alternative.
Survey Monkey It doesn't include new ball fields.
I like addition of new multi-use trails. A connector trail to the Comp Loop is great! The
Survey Monkey community has lost way to much access to this amenity!
Survey Monkey Closer maintains natural areas of park for both people and wildlife
Survey Monkey no changes
Survey Monkey Jumps, drops
Survey Monkey Looking for fun trails to ride with my 2 young boys to grow and progress our skills. x
Survey Monkey Design and build advanced mountain bike trails
Survey Monkey Fast and flowy with smooth jumps and drops added to the mix.
Survey Monkey Flow trails, jump lines, drops, berms, etc
Survey Monkey Berms, technical rhythm sections, jumps, and more berms.
Survey Monkey Flow trails with good speed big berms, jumps and drops
Survey Monkey Jumps, Drops, Berms, Technical, Steep, Advanced, Challenging trails.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from January 30, 2016 Public Open House Meeting
Survey Monkey Fast, flowy trails with jumps and drops. Think Whistler.
The possibility of helping to design, build, and maintain advanced trails for mountain
Survey Monkey bikers. x
Ongoing improvement of existing infrastructure and development of a "best in class"
Survey Monkey trail system for bikes, hikers and horses.
Survey Monkey Educational opportunities for all should continue x
Survey Monkey New Trail Options
Trail development-based out of nature center. The trail work that has been completed
is exceptional and is drawing more use. Especially mtn bikers. Rainbow, butterfield all
Survey Monkey great trails.
Survey Monkey Trails
Survey Monkey Improving mountain bike/hiking trails.
"design, build and incorporate more challenging trails for hikers and mountain bikers
Survey Monkey akin to National Trail…"
I like the emphasis on trail improvements and additional trailheads (prioritize mountain
Survey Monkey biking access and challenges
I am a mountain (and road) biker. The only reason that I buy a season pass is to ride the
trails in this park. I was encouraged to buy a pass from my peers from the West Valley
Trail Alliance. At first I couldn't believe how much better the trails are in the park. Wow.
I have noticed an incredible improvement. I am spreading the word about the great
trails. I expect others to see that the trails are getting better. I believe that the
Survey Monkey improved trails will increase revenue for the park.
Survey Monkey New proposed trails for Mt bikes and hikers.
Survey Monkey Connector trail to the comp loop.
Survey Monkey Mountain Biking/Hiking trails
Survey Monkey Development of challenging trails similar to National at South Mountain.
Survey Monkey Improvements and additions to the trails.
Survey Monkey Additional trails, more challenging trails
Survey Monkey More challenging trails akin to National and Mormon Trails at South Mountain
Survey Monkey Trails
Survey Monkey Anything trail
Survey Monkey more Mountain biking trails
Survey Monkey More challenging trails for mountain bikers and hikers.
Survey Monkey More challenging trails. Peak trails. More "backcountry" type areas.
Survey Monkey Ramada renovation/development
Survey Monkey more access(Trails!)
Survey Monkey More trails and trailheads
Survey Monkey Added camping RV and primitive. The park is missing out on what all the others offer.
Survey Monkey The cabin idea at the old theatre is really cool.
Always a fan of any trail improvements too. The comp loop improvements are a must if
Survey Monkey the park wants to attract good events there.
Survey Monkey The ball fields are a great way to increase users and showcase amenities.
Survey Monkey Connector between park and comp track and more upgrading comp track
Survey Monkey I prefer neither alternative.
Survey Monkey I like the addition of new trails and upgrades.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from January 30, 2016 Public Open House Meeting
Method What I would add or change:
Don’t agree with B13 on Plan B / B29 on Plan B. Who will maintain? Will these fields be
Comment Card available for kite flying other play? How will gopher problem be solved?
Comment Card Navy area should still allow overnighters, many scout troops use these areas.
Comment Card more trees
Comment Card (add) full hook-up sites, water, electric
Comment Card B11 - we serve community with Scout groups that camp there.
B13 - concern about environmental impact with gopher extinction, reduced picnic area
Comment Card for community, inability to host large exents as we do now.
Comment Card (add) full hook up campsites in the horse arena space. Many calls for "hook up" sites!
Comment Card More full hook-up sites up at rodeo arena
Survey Monkey I would like to have the soccer fields eliminated from the plan
Survey Monkey More trails and more trail racing events
Survey Monkey Forget about the ball fields. They have no place in our park.
Build and improve things (trails and ramadas) for the folks who use the park most.
Given the state of the existing ball fields and the number of events/people I see in the
ramada areas and on the trails, I would guess that would NOT be kids playing organized
Survey Monkey sports.
There are TOO many ball parks & soccer fields in this plan! Please reconsider this
change. I would hate to see this beautiful nature park become a sports complex that
would be better suited for municipalities! I know you have a partnership with Estrella
Youth Sports but I worry about the disruption to the serenity EMP offers to both wildlife
and people. (night lights, noise, traffic, water usage for fields etc..) In addition, what
would happen when EYS increasingly reserves the "green space" leaving other returning
large groups unable to schedule their activities/events? Another concern is that the
park may be left with multiple fields to take care of if & when EYS decides to leave. If
the fields are to be built, please consider reducing the number thus allowing more open
Survey Monkey space and scheduling flexibility for other community groups/events.
More trails added as outlined in the alternative B. Estrella already has great trails and
Survey Monkey additional trails would be very good especially one to a high point for a view.
Survey Monkey Also the development of the wetlands area would be a great enhancement.
Survey Monkey no mountain bikers on the trails
Survey Monkey More freeride/technical downhill
Progressive trail design...green to black trails to learn on. I love the flagstaff bike park
Survey Monkey setup.
Depending on the current trail availability, if there already are lots of beginner and
Survey Monkey intermediate trails, then more advanced trails would be favorable.
I would add nice wide smooth berms, flowy gap and filled in jumps and have alternate
Survey Monkey options for those who aren't ready for the jumps and have drop options as well
Survey Monkey Add safe passing sections for all trail users (hikers and mountain bikers especially).
Survey Monkey Flow trails with good speed big berms, jumps and drops
Survey Monkey Jumps, Drops, Berms, Technical, Steep, Advanced, Challenging trails.
Berms, jumps, drops and biker only trails to keep everyone safer while out enjoying
Survey Monkey their preferred outdoor activities.
Survey Monkey Add Flow Trail with Berms and jumps Add Pump Track and Jump Lines
Survey Monkey Better mtn bike, multi-use trails

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from January 30, 2016 Public Open House Meeting
Expand trail system based out of nature center for hikers and bikers. Complete
pederson trail work-find alternates to the return part of this loop that is a sand slog on
the southern half. More advanced hiking biking terrain such as National trail is ok but it
Survey Monkey doesn't have to be that advanced.
Survey Monkey Additional water x
Replace/improve and certainly service regularly, the latrine porta-john facility at the
Survey Monkey comp track. x
I really like A9 from Alternative A. I think that there is a lot of potential in partnering
with local volunteers like the West Valley Trail Alliance, MBAA and the local IMBA
chapters. I think that there is a lot of untapped potential users of the park to be found
Survey Monkey with even better maintained and developed trails.
Survey Monkey Don't invest in concrete attractions like an entrance monument.
Survey Monkey Invest in needs like a restroom at the comp loop.
Increase the priority to high instead of medium. I fear that medium priorities will be
Survey Monkey forgotten over high priority items.
I used to use the trails at Estrella but have since abandoned them for more challenging
Survey Monkey and fun options. x
Survey Monkey A connector to the comp loop. Leave everything else the same.
Survey Monkey Perhaps another iron ranger at remote entry points.
Survey Monkey Also, annual pass that is park specific so maybe half of the entire system price. x
Survey Monkey Backcountry campsites not just close-in primitive sites.
Survey Monkey Add a trail connecting the main park to the Competitive Track.
Add back country camping near the south end of Pederson trail. Simple area marked
Survey Monkey with primitive spots.
Put a priority on a trail that hugs the base of the mountains to make a good loop back
Survey Monkey from Pedersen.
Survey Monkey Make RV camping a higher priority to access users from PIR and Spring Training.
Survey Monkey Perhaps use the area behind the nature center for a small, easy to build bike skills area.
A granite trail on the inner turf area would be easy to build and entertaining if skills
Survey Monkey areas were placed near it.
Plan for a more beginner friendly trail that stays closer to the base of the mountains
Survey Monkey instead of running right up them.
Survey Monkey Nothing x
Survey Monkey Get rid of the sports fields. That should be a city park item.
Method Additional Comments
Would like to see better more causual picnic areas in the turf, better maintenance of
Comment Card the turf.
Comment Card Give the park the equipment it needs for better maintenance.
I question the ASU survey conducted 2012. What time of year was the survey
conducted? Were only hikers questioned during the survey? Was parts of the survey
conducted during a large public event? Is the raw data from the survey available for
Comment Card public review? Were the alternative plans based on this questionable survey? x
Comment Card I love camping under the trees in this park x
Comment Card Need more camping spaces
Comment Card Good work! x

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from January 30, 2016 Public Open House Meeting
Comment Card Need more camping spaces
if an educational institute is used for surveys in the future a MCPRD employeee or
volunteer should supervise to insure accuracy - some of the stats just don’t seem
accurate from 2012 survey - perhaps a 3rd party nuetral survey company should be
Comment Card used x
Would hope to see grass in the turf (B13) area after weed control but not all concerned
over soccer fields - please leave it for picnics and general recreation could include
Comment Card soccer fields for the gophers.
Comment Card (Also B11) save Navy area for Scouts overnights
Comment Card Keep up with water improvements on lawn area (remaining text illegible) x
I attended the meeting at Estrella Park and I will list my concerns below. I do see some
advantages from the meeting. My problem with most of it is the areas that have not
currently been maintained. If they aren't being maintained now how can you possibly
Email add more? ( Picnic areas, current ball field are a couple examples) x
This has appeared to me to be more of a wildlife park, adding any stadium lights,
volleyball courts, soccer fields etc. would impact the wildlife. When you start adding all
Email these you are also adding more traffic, noise and not to mention more trash! x
I also heard it mentioned at the meeting about having to get rid of the gopher
holes/mounds, how would this be done? If you start using poisons wouldn't have an
Email effect on the wildlife? x
Scouting events, races, Audubon bird hikes (which I personally enjoyed) and many other
events seem to have served the needs of others and I have met many people attending
these functions that have driven some distance. I'm sure there are more events that I
Email am not aware of. x
I think it would be nice to add RV campsites where the rodeo arena is. Since I've been
Email in Estrella Mtn. Ranch I've never heard of a rodeo being held there.
Email More trails would be nice, since so many people hike there! Thanks for your time!
There was no support for EYA at the Master Plan Meeting. If this is so important to
Survey Monkey them why did they have Bo representation? x
I like the park the way it is, I'm afraid with the addition of soccer and baseball fields it
would eliminate the opportunities for races put on by Trail running clubs. In addition it
would take away from the being out of the city and in nature. There are already many
sports complex fields in the area and I would be afraid to lose the park as I see them
getting more revenue from racing events and boy scout clubs, where the competition is
not as great. Let's put our efforts into fixing up what we already have. We have two ball
fields that are in disrepair and pavilions that need major fixing up. Let's fix up what we
currently have so we can one again be proud of our park - then I am sure attendance
will increase. We need to maintain the large open area we currently have for events
that have nowhere else to go. Forget all of the new ball fields - the ones we have are
Survey Monkey not being used.
A) There is no lack of empty lots in Goodyear to build ball fields. Why destroy the
culture and feel of Estrella for kids who may or may not show up to play sports? I'm
sure the rodeo arena seemed like a good idea at the time, too. Look how much it gets
Survey Monkey used now.
B) If you can't keep the "grassy" areas around the ramadas green, how are you going to
Survey Monkey keep ball fields watered and maintained? x
C) Why is this presented as "improve everything else in the park and build a zillion ball
fields" or "improve nothing and leave everything as is"? If you have the budget to build
expensive stuff nobody will use, you should have the same budget to build stuff people
Survey Monkey WILL use, right? Like trail improvements and ramada renovations.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from January 30, 2016 Public Open House Meeting
I was very disturbed with the idea of turning the park into a sporting facility. Even
though the presenters said the areas would be available for park goers use when games
were not being held, I find it hard to believe an outside company would allow that kind
of use. I didn't like the seemingly overcommercialization of the park. There seemed to
be less concern for people who want to enjoy the park for recreational hiking, etc. and
more for trying to get organized sports into the park which would have a detrimental
Survey Monkey effect on the park.
The main problem with alternative B is the proposed sports complex. I'm sure there is a
much better location for a sports complex. Locating one in Estrella Park would greatly
increase traffic, trash, and hinder access for hikers/bikers/equestrians as well as limit
the camping/day use areas available not to mention the harm to the wildlife which is a
great draw for the park. I think it even more important to maintain these islands of
Survey Monkey nature for future use as the development in the valley keeps expanding.
Survey Monkey please slow the mountain bikers down, they ride to fast. x
Please let everyone have a say in the trails and let others also enjoy the ride! Not
everyone enjoys just distance riding. There are tons of different styles of riding and the
sport is growing so having more options for people encourages them to push their skills
and get out and ride. After that's what riding is all about right? Just getting out and
Survey Monkey riding! x
The mountain biking economy is growing significantly. The medium income for
mountain bikers is now well above the average, they are politically active, and stewards
of the environment. I think option B is a great plan and should have a positive economic
Survey Monkey benefit to the surrounding area if executed and promoted well.
More advanced trails can increase biker related tourism. I leave the valley, as well as
hundreds of others, every year to ride Big Bear, Angelfire, Utah, and other parts of the
Survey Monkey state. Why not keep these people here and attract more to the valley?
The Advanced Trails Maricopa County is severely lacking and needs to satisfy the
demand for are Flow Trails. This type of trail can be constructed with beginners and
advanced riders in mind. Various intermediate features such as table top jumps and
drops can be built with "ride around" options. This would boost attendance numbers
immensely and offer a wider range of rider experience. Resorts around the world are
Survey Monkey pulling in millions per season because of these trails.
Survey Monkey Thank you. x
Would focus efforts on expanding trail system that has been started out of the nature
center, rodeo arena region. This is the best single track in the west valley. The
competitive loop is not enjoyable terrain. Expanding singletrack will draw more visitors.
The excellent work already done has been noticed and should be embraced and built
on. Mcdowell put showers at the pemberton trailhead-would this be a part of the
Survey Monkey bathroom work?
We have a true gem at Estrella. It's every bit as nice as the more regarded McDowell
Survey Monkey and San Tan. x
I would love to see the connector to the competitive loops. I live in Estrella Mountain
Ranch. I am able to access the park from trails that the Trails Committee developed. It is
possible to do 50+ mile loops when riding into the park from my neighborhood. I think
this is something that can be communicated to my community as a way to build
Survey Monkey revenue and users.

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
Comments from January 30, 2016 Public Open House Meeting
Keep the park raw untouched desert as much as possible. I love this park because it's
not full of concrete man-made attractions. We don't need ziplines, metal playgrounds
or glass art in the desert. There are other venues for those things. Put the money into
trail maintenance, plant and animal preservation and all the other reasons we already
come to the park. We hike and ride bikes to escape the concrete jungle of the city.
There's nothing better than feeling like you're in the middle of untouched desert. I love
the south side of the park and the comp loop because it's raw desert. No bulldozer has
been through there. Please don't build a city in the park. We have a city...that's
encroaching on our desert. I'm an arizona native and i hate to see raw desert
Survey Monkey disappearing acre by acre.
My family has bought an annual pass to the park for the past couple of years. We visit
the park on a weekly basis, and we love the trail system, the running and biking events,
Survey Monkey and the horseback riding tours. The park is a beautiful, under utilized natural resource. x
Survey Monkey It is appreciated that the dialogue is happening. Thanks. x
The park is great. Don't take all the "complaints" into account. The trails are stellar.
Survey Monkey There really needs to be nothing done, a connector would be nice though.
Thanks for the improvements over the last couple of years to the trails. Awesome for
mountain biking. I like the idea of more trails with a view that are still ride-able to the
Survey Monkey average rider and accessible to the average hiker.
With the formation of the West Valley Trail alliance IMBA chapter the park will be able
Survey Monkey to utilize more volunteers for trail building and maintenance
Thank you for all the time being put into the plan. The needs have changed and the
Survey Monkey timing couldn't be better. x
Estrella is an awesome park but the name isn't out there like south mountain and other
Survey Monkey parks. With these upgrades it will draw more people x
With gophers present, any sports fields would be hazardous. There will be
twisted/broken ankles since you can't stop them from digging. Lawsuits will be in your
Survey Monkey future. We need open space for very large group activities. x

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Master Plan Update
COMMUNICATION PLAN
1.0 PURPOSE
The purpose of this plan is to provide guidance and direction for internal and external communications and public
involvement activities associated with the Master Plan Update.
Goals
• Provide the public with accurate and consistent information regarding the proposed Master Plan Update,
the public participation process, and opportunities to influence the decision; and
• Ensure that anyone potentially involved in the process is aware of the opportunities for input into the
Master Plan Update.
2.0 ISSUE
The Maricopa County Parks and Recreation Department (MCPRD or Department) has initiated an update to Estrella
Mountain Regional Park’s 1988 Master Plan. The update is to serve the park for the next twenty years and will
address changing trends in both demographics and activities.
3.0 MESSAGING
Accurate and consistent messaging and communications with the public is vital to a successful master plan update.
Department staff shall make every effort to communicate with the public often and accurately. Some of those
messages include:
• Turf grass area(s) are unsustainable compared to other needs in the park (trails, super playground,
trailheads, signage, ramadas, etc.).
• Turf area sport field provides the opportunity to generate funds for programs, maintenance, operations
and facilities (i.e., super playground, trails, signage, trailheads, ramadas, etc.).
• Park attendance had dropped over the years even when there was grass.
o Historically, this was the only park with turf. Now neighborhoods have parks with turf closer to
home.
• Current visitor trends reveal trail related used have surpassed all other uses.
• Ramadas are still a draw and will be updated and some relocated closer to the Super Playground area and
restrooms.
• Changes and plan for the new super playground complex.
o The old playgrounds became unsafe by current standards.
o New ramadas are planned for the consolidated Super Playground area.
4.0 KEY AUDIENCES
The following list contains the agencies, entities, and public that was contacted during the Master Plan Update
process. Others may have been contacted as needed.
Table 1: Key Audiences
State Agencies and Local Governments
Agency Name Address
Arizona Game and Fish Dana Warnecke and 5000 W. Carefree Hwy.
Department Dustin Darveau Phoenix, AZ 85086
Maricopa County Department Denise Lacey and Bob 2901 W. Durango St.
of Transportation (MCDOT) Woodring Phoenix, AZ 85009
Maricopa County Flood Control Doug Williams 2801 W. Durango St.
District Phoenix, AZ 85009
Page 1 of 9

Maricopa County Sheriff’s Scott Baker 102 W. Madison
Office (MCSO) Phoenix, AZ 85009
Arizona State Historic James Garrison Arizona State Parks
Preservation Office (SHPO) 1300. W. Washington Street
Phoenix, AZ 85007
Arizona State Land Department Michelle Green 1616 W. Adams
Phoenix AZ, 85007
Maricopa County Planning and Matt Holm 501 N 44th St., Suite 200
Development Phoenix, AZ 85008
City of Goodyear Nathan Torres 14455 W. Van Buren St.
Parks and Recreation Goodyear, AZ 85338
City of Goodyear Mark Holmes, P.G. and 4980 South 157th Avenue / PO
Water Resources Gretchen Irwin Box 5100
Goodyear, AZ 85338
City of Avondale Kirk Haines (previously 11465 W Civic Center Drive
Parks and Recreation Chris Reams) and Avondale, AZ 85323
Christina Underwood
Maricopa Trail John Rose 41835 N. Castle Hot Springs Rd –
Unit Operations Center
Morristown, AZ 85342
City of Goodyear, Arts and Guylene Ozlanski 14455 W. Van Buren St. Suite
Culture C103
Goodyear, AZ 85338
City of Goodyear, Luke Albert 14455 W. Van Buren St.
Transportation Goodyear, AZ 85338
Elected Officials
Title Name Address
Maricopa County Board of Denny Barney 301 W. Jefferson, 10th Floor
Supervisors, District 1 Phoenix, AZ 85003
Maricopa County Board of Steve Chucri 301 W. Jefferson, 10th Floor
Supervisors, District 2 Phoenix, AZ 85003
Maricopa County Board of Andy Kunasek 301 W. Jefferson, 10th Floor
Supervisors, District 3 Phoenix, AZ 85003
Maricopa County Board of Clint Hickman 301 W. Jefferson, 10th Floor
Supervisors, District 4 Phoenix, AZ 85003
Maricopa County Board of Steve Gallardo 301 W. Jefferson, 10th Floor
Supervisors, District 5 Phoenix, AZ 85003
Federal Agencies
Agency Name Address
Bureau of Land Management - Ed Kender and Jim 21605 North 7th Avenue
Lower Sonoran Field Office Andersen Phoenix 85027
National Park Service (RTCA) Cate Bradley 255 N. Commerce Park Loop
Tucson, AZ 85745
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Deborah Tosline, R.G. 6150 West Thunderbird Road
Glendale, AZ 85306-4001
Tribal Interests
Agency Name Address
Gila River Indian Community Ondrea Barber and P.O. Box 2140
info@gilariver.org Sacaton, AZ 85147
Advisory Commissions, Boards, or Councils
Title Name Address
Page 2 of 9

Maricopa County Parks and Carlton ‘Carl’ Yoshioka 411 N. Central Ave. # 550
Recreation Commission Phoenix, AZ 85004
Maricopa County Parks and Rod Jarvis Gallagher & Kennedy
Recreation Commission Attorneys At Law
2575 E Camelback Road, Suite
1100
Phoenix, AZ 85016
Maricopa County Parks and Denise Merdon 3878 E Claxton Ave
Recreation Commission Gilbert, AZ 85297
Maricopa County Parks and Jack Stapley C/O Farnsworth Wholesale
Recreation Commission 27 W. Baseline Road
Gilbert, AZ 85233
Maricopa County Parks and Anne Lynch 7509 North 14th Avenue
Recreation Commission Phoenix, AZ 85021
Maricopa County Parks and Dr. Robert Branch 18331 W Palo Verde Ave.
Recreation Commission Waddell, AZ 85355
Maricopa County Parks and Devin Del Palacio C/O Goodwill of Central AZ
Recreation Commission 2702 E Washington Street
Phoenix, AZ 85034
City of Goodyear Youth Lauren Valencia 190 N. Litchfield Rd.
Commission Goodyear, AZ 85338
City of Avondale Youth Chris Lopez 11465 W Civic Center Drive
Commission Avondale, AZ 85323
Maricopa County Trail and Jan Hancock 41835 N. Castle Hot Springs Rd.
Parks Foundation Morristown, AZ 85342
The following list of stakeholders may have a special interest in the park due to their preferred outdoor recreation
activity or another area of interest. Those noted on this list, and others as needed, were also contacted during the
Master Plan Update process.
Table 2: Special Interest Groups
Group Name Address
Audubon Arizona Tice Supplee 3131 South Central Ave
Phoenix, AZ 85040
Central Arizona Conservation Stacie Buete 1201 N. Galvin Pkwy
Alliance (CAZCA) Phoenix, AZ 85008
Citizens for Estrella Park Gary Sawyer Goodyear, AZ
(CEMP)
Three Rivers Historical Society Sally Kiko P.O. Box 7251
Goodyear AZ 85338
Coral West Adventures Deb Bitton Goodyear, AZ
West Valley Trail Alliance Brian Murphy Goodyear, AZ
(WVTA)
Estrella Youth Sports (EYS) Joe Bruyer and Dale Goodyear, AZ
Camarata
Arizona State University (ASU) Denise Bates Phoenix, AZ
Aravaipa Running Jamil Coury Phoenix, AZ
Tres Rios Golf Course Scott Jacques and Jon 15205 W. Vineyard Ave
Siltcher Goodyear, AZ 85338
Mt. Pleasant Baptist Church, Pastor Burrell and Tonya 403 N. 4th Street
Youth Group Kemmer Buckeye, AZ 85326
Page 3 of 9

5.0 CONSULTATIONS
Bureau of Land Management
Department staff has invited the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Lower Sonoran Field Office to all stakeholder
and public meetings. Department staff also consulted with the BLM to discuss the master plan and to get their
approval and an approval letter to be included in the final master plan – as acknowledged by the signature page at
the beginning of the master plan.
State Historic Preservation Office
The State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) has not been consulted to date. After the final Master Plan is
approved, cultural resource survey(s) will be performed on any new ground disturbing projects and the
Department will follow any recommendations received from SHPO.
Land Water Conservation Fund (LWCF)
Many of the park’s built facilities were constructed using LWCF monies. Any changes to the scope of the LWCF
grant terms should be reported to and evaluated by Arizona State Parks’ LWCF coordinator for approval. An initial
discussion was held February 11, 2016 between planning staff and the LWCF coordinator; a follow up meeting and
site visit will be required prior to any demolition and/or construction to existing facilities built with these funds.
Public input received during the master plan update process will be taken into consideration by the LWCF
coordinator.
Native American Tribes
The Department contacted representatives listed on the Community website for Natural and Cultural Resources
department and the general information center was notified by email of the Master Plan Update and was
extended an invitation to comment any issues that may affect the Community.
6.0 OUTREACH AND MEETINGS
The Department engages various opportunities to consult and interact with stakeholders and the public. As noted
in Table 3, stakeholder meetings, public meetings and public announcements have been held throughout the
planning process.
Table 3: List of Meetings or Communications, Topics, and Audiences
Date Type Description Audience
4/10/14 Planning Team Kick off the project, introduce project and timeline, review MCPRD staff
Meeting neighboring land uses
4/17/14 Partner Meeting Introduce project, discussion to those with contractual Partners
obligations to the park (i.e. concessionaires)
5/8/14 Planning Team To review demographics, park use, 1988 master plan, and issues MCPRD staff
Meeting
6/19/14 Planning Team Brainstorming workshop for park enhancement ideas MCPRD staff
Meeting
6/30/14 Planning Team Brainstorming workshop for park enhancement ideas MCPRD staff
Meeting (continuation of 6/19/14 meeting)
7/9/14 Planning Team Front-country site visit and discussions MCPRD staff
Meeting
4/15/14 Presentation Maricopa County Parks and Recreation Commission General Public
presentation with PowerPoint to update Commissioners on
progress to date
8/4/14 Planning Team Update since previous meetings, park enhancement MCPRD staff
Meeting opportunity discussion
9/15/14 Planning Team Update since previous meetings, MCDOT assistance for road MCPRD staff
Meeting analysis
10/23/15 Partner Meeting Discuss how adjacent agencies might be able to partner with Partners
Page 4 of 9

the Park/Department and/or with its concessionaires
11/18/14 Presentation Maricopa County Parks and Recreation Commission General Public
presentation with PowerPoint to update Commissioners on
progress to date
1/7/15 Email Invitation email to Stakeholders for 1/19/15 meeting Stakeholders
1/22/15 Planning Team Backcountry site visit and discussions MCPRD staff
Meeting
1/29/15 Stakeholder Introduce project, review demographics and trends, discussion Stakeholders
Meeting
2/17/15 Staff meeting Kick-off meeting to introduce MCDOT’s assistance to analyze MCDOT,
internal park roads and nearby intersection MCPRD staff
and
Stakeholders
3/25/15 Press release To announce 4/30/15 public open house meeting General Public
2/25/15 Email Invitation email to Stakeholders for 3/26/15 meeting Stakeholders
3/25/15 Youth outreach Presented to City of Goodyear Youth Commission and received General Public
feedback
3/26/15 Stakeholder Site visit, recommendations, discussion Stakeholders
Meeting
4/1/15 Email To announce press release to Stakeholders and to the Estrella Stakeholders
home owners community email address.
4/11/15 Youth outreach Attend City of Avondale’s “Global Youth Service Day” to hold General Public
mini focus groups with Youth to receive feedback
4/15/15 News Regarding Centennial Trail project, but mentions Master Plan General Public
publication Update (azcentral.com)
4/20/15 Social Media / Facebook notification and Calendar entry for park events to General Public
Web announce 4/30/15 public meeting
4/23/15 News / Social Information posted online at three sources: General Public
Media • http://www.buckeyevalleynews.net/#!press-
release/c15mw
• https://www.facebook.com/pages/Buckeye-Valley-
News-Since-1912/176986262396647?ref=hl
• https://www.facebook.com/pages/Buckeye-is-open-
for-Business/705612529451489?ref=hl
4/30/15 Staff meeting Progress update meeting regarding MCDOTs progress in MCDOT,
analyzing park roads and recommendations MCPRD staff
and
Stakeholders
4/30/15 Public Meeting Introduce project, review demographics and trends, introduce General Public
potential projects, discussion. Includes a 30-day open comment
period after the meeting.
5/18/15 Newsletter Newsletter-style story posted to County GovDoc news Subscribers
subscribers. Also forwarded to Stakeholder group via email. and
• http://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/AZMARIC/bu Stakeholders
lletins/104e570
5/19/15 Presentation Maricopa County Parks and Recreation Commission General Public
presentation with PowerPoint to update Commissioners on
progress to date
8/6/15 Planning Team Facilitated workshop to make decisions and discuss MCPRD and
Meeting enhancement opportunities NPS staff
8/16/15 Youth outreach Presented to Youth Group at Mt. Pleasant Baptist Church, General Public
engaged in discussion, and received feedback
Page 5 of 9

8/17/15 Web posting • Posted results of 4/30/15 public meeting to Park General Public
project page; includes all public comments received
during public meeting plus 30-day comment period and
Department response
• A master plan update flyer was uploaded to the Park
project page and made available as a handout at the
park
8/26/15 Planning Team Facilitated workshop to discuss enhancement opportunities and MCPRD and
Meeting site planning NPS staff
9/28/15 Stakeholder Reviewed draft alternatives and received feedback Stakeholders
Meeting
10/15/15 Planning Team To refine camping and trailhead related alternative options MCPRD staff
Meeting
10/21/15 Stakeholder To review draft alternatives and received feedback CEMP
Meeting members
11/17/15 Presentation Maricopa County Parks and Recreation Commission General Public
presentation with PowerPoint to request a recommendation of
recommendation for approval of master plan
1/30/16 Public Meeting To present draft alternatives and receive feedback General Public
2/11/15 Staff meeting To discuss change in scope to park facilities built with LWCF MCPRD and
monies. A future site visit and additional discussion is to be State Parks
arranged at a later date. LWCF staff
2/22/16 Planning Team To review public meeting #2, public comments, and to discuss MCPRD staff
Meeting alternatives
3/9/16 Presentation Presentation to City of Avondale’s Parks and Recreation General Public
(anticipated) Commission
3/15/16 Presentation Maricopa County Parks and Recreation Commission General Public
presentation with PowerPoint to request a recommendation of
recommendation for approval of master plan
4/6/16 Presentation Presentation to City of Goodyear’s Parks and Recreation General Public
(anticipated) Commission
MAR/APR Presentation Maricopa County Board of Supervisor’s presentation to request General Public
2016 approval and adoption of final plan
(anticipated)
Surveys
Additional information was gathered from the public via surveys. Arizona State University (ASU) performs a formal
visitor use surveys on a fairly regular basis, allowing the Department to analyze trends. This information assists the
Department with programing and other decisions as well as provides the survey respondents an open ended
question to report back their thoughts.
• ASU Visitor Use Survey (2012-2013)
Additionally, in the spring of 2015, park staff performed an informal survey at the ramadas to get a feel for how
people were using the ramadas and other picnic sites.
• Park Staff Ramada Survey (2015)
Media/Social Media
Press releases are issued at least 30 calendar days prior to any public open house meeting. Occasionally, a news
outlet or social media source will repost the press release on their respective platforms.
The Department will post or re-post its own press releases on the social media or web platforms that are available
to the County. A sample press release is shown in Exhibit A.
Page 6 of 9

Newsletters/Handouts
The Department released one or more newsletter format communications through its “GovDocs” email list-serve.
This is a County sponsored system where the general public can register their email address to receive information
regarding a variety of topics, including County Parks.
The Department also developed a Master Plan Update flyer or handout that is available on the Park’s project page
as well as at the park on paper for interested parties to take home.
Public Meetings
The staff will also schedule public information meetings in an Open House format on at least two different dates.
The logistics of the public meetings will be announced at least 30 days in advance via a news release; postings on
the Web; and emails and/or mailings to interested parties. During the public meetings, a formal PowerPoint
presentation may be provided to ensure that all audiences/participants receive consistent information. The
audiences/participants will be encouraged to view specific alternatives and depictions that will be displayed on
large posters around the room. Department staff will be available to facilitate face-to-face communications aimed
at fostering discussions and authentic opportunities for participation. Department staff will provide for the
Administrative Record a summary of issues/concerns raised; however, the audiences/participants will be
encouraged to write comments in their own words on provided comment cards and/or via an email address that
will be provided. The planning process also allows for a 30-day public comment period after each public meeting.
All public meetings will be held in the Nature Center classroom at:
Estrella Mountain Regional Park
14805 West Vineyard Avenue
Goodyear, AZ 85338
Ph: 623-932-3811
estrellapark@mail.maricopa.gov
At all times, project information is available and will be updated at this Web site:
http://www.maricopa.gov/parks/estrella/emproject.aspx
April 30, 2015
This public meeting was conducted in an open house format. Display boards were stationed throughout the room
and the public was invited to work their way around the room to view each board. Department staff was available
to answer any questions and to engage in discussions. Comment cards were available for interested parties to
provide their comments and feedback. Approximately 40 people signed in for the meeting and 15 comment cards
were received in additional to a number of “post-it notes” that were used to record comments on display boards.
The Department allowed a 30-day comment period, concluding on May 30, 2015, to provide the general public
adequate time to comment. Overall, over 134 pieces of communications (e.g. comment cards, post-it notes,
emails, etc.) were received. These comments and Department staff response to the comments was posted on the
park’s webpage at http://www.maricopa.gov/parks/estrella/emproject.aspx.
January 30, 2016
The second public meeting was conducted in presentation format on January 30, 2016 (10:30am-12:30pm) at the
Park’s Nature Center. At this meeting 36 people signed in; however, no comment cards were received during the
meeting itself. Planning staff presented the two draft park improvement alternatives and verbally answered
questions throughout the presentation and afterward. Display boards were stationed throughout the room to
facilitate discussion.
Again, the Department allowed a 30-day comment period, concluding on February 29, 2016, to provide the general
public adequate time to comment on their preference regarding draft alternatives “A” or “B” as presented. Just
over 76% of respondents preferred draft alterative B. Many trail and camping related comments were also
received.
Page 7 of 9

Youth Outreach
As a result of the Stakeholder Meetings, it was noted the Department should perform youth outreach to get a
youth perspective to the planning process. The Department made arrangements to attend three youth events:
• March 25, 2015 - City of Goodyear Youth Commission
• April 11, 2015 - City of Avondale “Global Youth Service Day”
• August 16, 2015 - Mt. Pleasant Baptist Church Youth Ministry (Buckeye)
Citizens of Estrella Park
The park’s “Friends” group, called Citizens of Estrella Park (CEMP), is a local non-profit group to advocate on the
park’s behalf. At least one CEMP Board Member was invited to each Stakeholder Meeting. CEMP was also invited
to attend public open house meetings.
Department staff reached out in August 2015 for a personalized meeting with the group; however, CEMP was
unable to attend the date Department staff had arranged. The Department staff rescheduled to October 21, 2015
and presented the draft plan as completed by that date. Staff received their feedback and made edits to the draft
plan where appropriate.
7.0 CONTACTS
The following staff members were chosen in order to streamline the points of contact during the Master Plan
Update process.
Table 4: Contact information
Master Plan Process News Media Inquiries
Leigh Johnson, MCPRD, Park Planner Dawna Taylor, MCPRD, Public Information Officer
928-501-9207 928-501-9204
leighjohnson@mail.maricopa.gov dawnataylor@mail.maricopa.gov
Cate Bradley, NPS-RTCA
520-791-6472
cate_bradley@nps.gov
Exhibit A: Sample Press Release
March 25, 2015
Estrella Mountain Regional Park reaches out to stakeholders for input on Master Plan Update
(Goodyear) The Maricopa County Parks and Recreation Department, with assistance from the National Park
Service’s River Trails and Conservation Area Program, has initiated an update to the 1988 Estrella Mountain
Regional Park Master Plan.
“We have engaged many of the local stakeholders for this planning process, including local history and
environmental groups, user groups, hikers, mountain bikers, equestrians and youth groups,” said Maricopa County
Supervisor Steve Gallardo. “The Department is also working closely with towns and cities that abut the park, land
management agencies, other partners and park concessionaires to make sure they know about the Master Plan
update. I am pleased with the outreach.”
Proposed updates to the Master Plan include, but are not limited to, several new concepts such facility upgrades,
additional shared-use and interpretive trails, a new multi-use sports field complex, brine wetlands, and inclusion of
the El Rio Watercourse Master Plan concept. The Parks and Recreation Department is interested in understanding
how the community and park visitors are currently using the park, and desired park uses.
“The updated Master Plan will serve as a long-range vision guide and policy document for current and future park
staff, partnering agencies, elected officials, and interested members of the public. It will cover items such as facility
Page 8 of 9

and infrastructure, as well as development priorities that will provide for both public enjoyment, and protection of
park resources,” added R.J. Cardin, Maricopa County Parks and Recreation Department Director.
The west Valley is projected to experience significant growth over the next 20-years. With good public input now,
the Master Plan revision process aims to respond to, and accommodate, population and demographic changes and
demands.
Estrella Mountain Regional Park is located in the southwest Valley adjacent to the Cities of Avondale and Goodyear
and near the Town of Buckeye. Increasing levels of urban growth have changed some of the park use dynamics.
The Master Plan revision is an opportunity for Maricopa County’s Parks and Recreation Department to adapt to
those changes and plan for the future.
The Master Plan revision project kicked off in the spring of 2014. The Master Plan update is expected to be
completed by the end of 2015. A second public meeting will be held in Fall 2015. Certain elements of the 1988
Master Plan have been completed; other elements are no longer relevant as recreation trends and park uses have
changed over time. Feedback from stakeholders is needed to help understand desired public uses, shape the
future direction, and determine amenities needed in the park for the next 20-years.
To learn more about the April 30th 6 p.m. public meeting being hosted in the park’s nature center, or the project,
visit http://www.maricopa.gov/parks/estrella/emproject.aspx. The public comment period for the first phase of
the project will remain open for 30-days concluding at the close of business on May 30.
Get involved by attending the public meetings or by contacting Leigh Johnson, Park Planner
(leighjohnson@mail.maricopa.gov) or Cate Bradley, National Park Service’s River Trails and Conservation Area
Program (cate_bradley@nps.gov) to share your comments.
## 30 ##
Page 9 of 9

Appendix C – Photo Monitoring Program
(Insert all materials behind this cover page)

Photo Monitoring
A photo monitoring program has been established for the park to monitor scenic views, trails, and
recreational resources over time. These photos will serve as the baseline conditions at each of the
chosen points. Additional sites should be added as needed.
Using a digital camera and GIS will allow park staff to return to the same points each year to check for
signs of change in its resources and assist managers in decision making.
The accompanying map shows the locations where photos were taken. A minimum of four photos were
taken (using north, south, east, west points of view). Additional photos may also have been taken to
highlight specific features at the location.
This section is to be updated as needed.

Map C-1: Map of locations
1 – behind nature center
2 – golf course entry

Location: 1 - Behind Nature Center
Coordinates: Lat: 33 23 1.6910 Long: 112 22 53.88599 Altitude: 283.7
Date: 1-9-2015
Comments: Clear sky
Photos:
DSC01209
(north)
DSC01210
(west)

Location: 2 - Golf course entry
Coordinates: Lat: 33 23 12.8509 Long: 112 23 4.2229 Altitude: 278.1
Date: 1-9-2015
Comments: Clear sky
Photos:
DSC01213 DSC01213
(north) (south)
DSC01212
(west)

Appendix C – Water Resources
(Insert all materials behind this cover page)




Appendix D – Earth Resources
(Insert all materials behind this cover page)

Soils
Map source: The Arizona Geological Survey,
http://services.azgs.az.gov/arcgis/rest/services/GeologicMapOfArizona/MapServer/export as accessed
January 8, 2014.

Cm
Late And Middle Pleistocene Surficial Deposits (10-750 ka)
Unconsolidated to weakly consolidated alluvial fan, terrace, and basin-floor deposits with moderate to
strong soil development. Fan and terrace deposits are primarily poorly sorted, moderately bedded gravel
and sand, and basin-floor deposits are primarily sand, silt, and clay.
Xg
Early Proterozoic Granitic Rocks (1600-1800 Ma)
Wide variety of granitic rocks, including granite, granodiorite, tonalite, quartz diorite, diorite, and gabbro.
These rocks commonly are characterized by steep, northeast-striking foliation.
Xm
Early Proterozoic Metamorphic Rocks (1600-1800 Ma)
Undivided metasedimentary, metavolcanic, and gneissic rocks.
Xms
Early Proterozoic Metasedimentary Rocks (1600-1800 Ma)
Metasedimentary rocks, mostly derived from sandstone and shale, with minor conglomerate and
carbonate rock. Includes quartz-rich, mostly non-volcanic Pinal Schist in southeastern Arizona and
variably volcanic-lithic sedimentary rocks in the Yavapai and Tonto Basin supergroups in central Arizona.

SOIL SOIL SHRINK/SWELL SHRINK/SWELL
POTENTIAL POTENTIAL
No Data
Available
GREATER GREATER PHOENIX PHOENIX AREA AREA
New River
High
Lake Anthem
Pleasant
Moderate
ôó 74 Cave Creek
Bartlett
/ ( 60 Reservoir Low
Carefree
U.S. Forest Service
, . - 17
R.
Verde
R.
USER NOTES:
Fria
THIS MAP WAS PRODUCED BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
÷ ø 101 NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE, PHOENIX, ARIZONA.
Agua McDowell FOR A LIMITED TIME, THIS MAP MAY BE VIEWED AND/OR DOWNLOADED
AT THE FOLLOWING NRCS WEBSITE:
Mts. http://www.az.usda.gov
THE SOILS WERE MAPPED AT A SCALE OF 1:24,000. ENLARGEMENT
Sun City West OF THE MAP TO SCALES GREATER THAN THAT AT WHICH THE SOILS
Scottsdale WERE ORIGINALLY MAPPED CAN CAUSE MISINTERPRETATION OF THE
DETAIL OF THE MAPPING.
Sun City EACH RATED AREA MAY CONTAIN SOILS WITH DIFFERENT SHRINK/SWELL
White POTENTIALS.
ôó 51 ÷ ø 101 Fountain Hills
Tank Peoria Saguaro THE DEPICTED SOIL BOUNDARIES AND INTERPRETATIONS ON THIS
Lake MAP DO NOT ELIMINATE THE NEED FOR ON-SITE SAMPLING, TESTING,
Mts. ôó 87 AND DETAILED STUDY OF SPECIFIC SITES FOR INTENSIVE USES.
Paradise DIGITAL DATA FILES ARE PERIODICALLY UPDATED, AND USERS
ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR OBTAINING THE LATEST VERSION OF
Glendale Valley THE DATA.
THE TRANSPORTATION DATA USED FOR THIS MAP WAS DERIVED FROM
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU, 1990 TIGER DATA.
÷ ø 101 Salt R. PLACEMENT OF POLITICAL NAMES IS APPROXIMATE.
PHOENIX
. 10 ÷ ø 202
, -
Goodyear
, . - 10
Avondale , . - 17
Mesa Apache Jct.
Buckeye
Tempe
/ ( 60
Location
Gila R. Diagram
Mountains
Gilbert
South AZ
ôó 85 No Data
÷ ø 101 Available
Ahwatukee N
Sierra
Estrellas Chandler PHOENIX #
, . - 10 #
ôó 87 TUCSON
Queen Creek
Sun Lakes
4 0 4 8 Miles
Gila
R.
Map created 01/11/02

United States A product of the National Custom Soil Resource
Department of Cooperative Soil Survey,
Agriculture a joint effort of the United Report for
States Department of
Agriculture and other Gila River Indian
Federal agencies, State
Reservation, Arizona, Parts
Natural agencies including the
Resources Agricultural Experiment of Maricopa and Pinal
Conservation Stations, and local
Service participants Counties; and Maricopa
County, Arizona, Central
Part
July 17, 2014

Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They
highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about
the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many
different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners,
community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also,
conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal,
and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance
the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties
that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information
is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on
various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying
with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases.
Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For
more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (http://
offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?
cid=nrcs142p2_053951).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic
tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or
underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department
of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural
Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil
Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs
and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where
applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual
orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an
individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited
bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means
2

for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should
contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a
complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400
Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272
(voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and
employer.
3

Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................2
How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................6
Soil Map..................................................................................................................8
Soil Map................................................................................................................9
Legend................................................................................................................10
Map Unit Legend................................................................................................11
Map Unit Descriptions........................................................................................12
Gila River Indian Reservation, Arizona, Parts of Maricopa and Pinal
Counties...................................................................................................15
5—Carrizo very gravelly coarse sand, 0 to 1 percent slopes......................15
9—Cavelt-Carrizo-Gunsight complex, 1 to 10 percent slopes....................15
11—Cristobal-Gunsight complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes...........................18
14—Denure-Pahaka complex, 3 to 5 percent slopes..................................19
15—Gadsden, Glenbar, and Vint soils, saline-sodic, 0 to 2 percent
slopes....................................................................................................21
24—Momoli cobbly sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes.............................23
27—Quilotosa-Rock outcrop-Vaiva complex, 20 to 65 percent slopes.......24
29—Rillito-Gunsight complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes.................................26
Maricopa County, Arizona, Central Part.........................................................28
Aa—Agualt loam.........................................................................................28
AbA—Antho sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes..........................................29
Ac—Antho sandy loam, saline-alkali...........................................................30
AGB—Antho-Carrizo complex, 0 to 3 percent.............................................31
AL—Antho association................................................................................32
Ao—Avondale clay loam.............................................................................34
Br—Brios loamy sand..................................................................................35
Bs—Brios sandy loam.................................................................................36
Bt—Brios loam............................................................................................37
CA2—Calciorthids and Torriorthents, eroded.............................................38
CF—Carrizo and Brios soils........................................................................39
CO—Cherioni-Rock outcrop complex.........................................................40
CV—Coolidge-Laveen association..............................................................41
EPD—Ebon-Pinamt complex, 0 to 10 percent slopes.................................43
GA—Gachado-Rock outcrop complex........................................................45
Ge—Gilman fine sandy loam......................................................................46
Gf—Gilman fine sandy loam, saline-alkali...................................................47
GgA—Gilman loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes..................................................48
Gh—Gilman loam, saline-alkali...................................................................49
GPI—Gravel pit...........................................................................................50
Gt—Glenbar clay loam................................................................................50
GWD—Gunsight-Pinal complex, 1 to 10 percent slopes.............................51
GxB—Gunsight-Rillito complex, 1 to 3 percent...........................................52
GYD—Gunsight-Rillito complex, 0 to 10 percent slopes.............................54
LcA—Laveen loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes...................................................55
4

Custom Soil Resource Report
Ma—Maripo sandy loam.............................................................................56
PRB—Perryville-Rillito complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes...............................57
PT—Pinal gravelly loam..............................................................................60
PYD—Pinamt-Tremant complex, 1 to 10 percent slopes............................61
RbA—Rillito loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes.....................................................62
RS—Rock outcrop-Cherioni complex..........................................................63
TB—Torrifluvents........................................................................................64
TrB—Tremant-Rillito complex, 1 to 3 percent slopes..................................65
TSC—Tremant-Rillito complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes................................66
Vg—Vint loamy fine sand............................................................................68
Vh—Vint fine sandy loam............................................................................69
References............................................................................................................71
Glossary................................................................................................................73
5

How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas
in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and
their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations
affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of
the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and
the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is
the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the
surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the
surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other
living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas
(MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share
common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources,
soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically
consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is
related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area.
Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of
landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous
areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the
landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus,
during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable
degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the
landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by
an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify
predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to
identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of
soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
6

Custom Soil Resource Report
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have
similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique
combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of
the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes
the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and
landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of
resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is
needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and
experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-
landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific
locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of
measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These
measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to
bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of
sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from
one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret
the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics
and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different
uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils
in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are
modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet
local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information,
production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop
yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from
field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such
variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long
periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil
scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have
a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a
high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,
roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
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Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil
map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
W W
16'' Soil Map 31''
24' 17'
112° 112°
370000 371000 372000 373000 374000 375000 376000 377000 378000 379000
33° 24' 2'' N 33° 24' 2'' N
3696000
3696000
3695000
3695000
3694000
3694000
3693000
3693000
3692000
3692000
3691000
3691000
3690000
3690000
3689000
3689000
3688000
3688000
3687000
3687000
3686000
3686000
3685000
3685000
3684000
3684000
3683000
3683000
33° 16' 32'' N 33° 16' 32'' N
370000 371000 372000 373000 374000 375000 376000 377000 378000 379000
W W
16'' 31''
24' Map Scale: 1:67,600 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet. 17'
Meters
112° N 0 1000 2000 4000 6000 112°
Feet
0 3000 6000 12000 18000
Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 12N WGS84
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Custom Soil Resource Report
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest (AOI) Spoil Area The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at scales
Area of Interest (AOI) ranging from 1:20,000 to 1:24,000.
Stony Spot
Soils Very Stony Spot Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
Soil Map Unit Polygons measurements.
Wet Spot
Soil Map Unit Lines
Other Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Soil Map Unit Points Web Soil Survey URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov
Special Line Features
Special Point Features Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Blowout Water Features
Streams and Canals Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
Borrow Pit projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
Transportation
Clay Spot distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Rails Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate
Closed Depression Interstate Highways calculations of distance or area are required.
Gravel Pit US Routes
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of
Gravelly Spot Major Roads the version date(s) listed below.
Landfill Local Roads
Soil Survey Area: Gila River Indian Reservation, Arizona, Parts
Lava Flow Background of Maricopa and Pinal Counties
Marsh or swamp Aerial Photography Survey Area Data: Version 8, Dec 15, 2013
Mine or Quarry
Soil Survey Area: Maricopa County, Arizona, Central Part
Miscellaneous Water Survey Area Data: Version 7, Dec 12, 2013
Perennial Water
Your area of interest (AOI) includes more than one soil survey area.
Rock Outcrop These survey areas may have been mapped at different scales, with
a different land use in mind, at different times, or at different levels
Saline Spot
of detail. This may result in map unit symbols, soil properties, and
Sandy Spot interpretations that do not completely agree across soil survey area
boundaries.
Severely Eroded Spot
Sinkhole Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000
or larger.
Slide or Slip
Sodic Spot Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Nov 1, 2010—Nov 27,
2010
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting
of map unit boundaries may be evident.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
Gila River Indian Reservation, Arizona, Parts of Maricopa and Pinal Counties (AZ658)
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
5 Carrizo very gravelly coarse 3.5 0.0%
sand, 0 to 1 percent slopes
9 Cavelt-Carrizo-Gunsight 86.1 0.4%
complex, 1 to 10 percent
slopes
11 Cristobal-Gunsight complex, 3 to 38.7 0.2%
15 percent slopes
14 Denure-Pahaka complex, 3 to 5 9.0 0.0%
percent slopes
15 Gadsden, Glenbar, and Vint 23.4 0.1%
soils, saline-sodic, 0 to 2
percent slopes
24 Momoli cobbly sandy loam, 5 to 35.9 0.2%
15 percent slopes
27 Quilotosa-Rock outcrop-Vaiva 258.5 1.1%
complex, 20 to 65 percent
slopes
29 Rillito-Gunsight complex, 3 to 15 16.6 0.1%
percent slopes
Subtotals for Soil Survey Area 471.7 2.0%
Totals for Area of Interest 23,467.1 100.0%
Maricopa County, Arizona, Central Part (AZ651)
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
Aa Agualt loam 3.9 0.0%
AbA Antho sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent 95.3 0.4%
slopes
Ac Antho sandy loam, saline-alkali 130.7 0.6%
AGB Antho-Carrizo complex, 0 to 3 139.5 0.6%
percent
AL Antho association 1,259.3 5.4%
Ao Avondale clay loam 15.4 0.1%
Br Brios loamy sand 4.0 0.0%
Bs Brios sandy loam 53.0 0.2%
Bt Brios loam 39.8 0.2%
CA2 Calciorthids and Torriorthents, 5.1 0.0%
eroded
CF Carrizo and Brios soils 1,530.0 6.5%
CO Cherioni-Rock outcrop complex 1,582.6 6.7%
CV Coolidge-Laveen association 204.0 0.9%
EPD Ebon-Pinamt complex, 0 to 10 1,095.6 4.7%
percent slopes
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Maricopa County, Arizona, Central Part (AZ651)
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
GA Gachado-Rock outcrop complex 52.2 0.2%
Ge Gilman fine sandy loam 319.5 1.4%
Gf Gilman fine sandy loam, saline- 75.4 0.3%
alkali
GgA Gilman loam, 0 to 1 percent 224.3 1.0%
slopes
Gh Gilman loam, saline-alkali 143.6 0.6%
GPI Gravel pit 15.7 0.1%
Gt Glenbar clay loam 20.9 0.1%
GWD Gunsight-Pinal complex, 1 to 10 946.4 4.0%
percent slopes
GxB Gunsight-Rillito complex, 1 to 3 7.6 0.0%
percent
GYD Gunsight-Rillito complex, 0 to 10 1,474.5 6.3%
percent slopes
LcA Laveen loam, 0 to 1 percent 63.8 0.3%
slopes
Ma Maripo sandy loam 3.6 0.0%
PRB Perryville-Rillito complex, 0 to 3 245.2 1.0%
percent slopes
PT Pinal gravelly loam 199.2 0.8%
PYD Pinamt-Tremant complex, 1 to 160.0 0.7%
10 percent slopes
RbA Rillito loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes 2.0 0.0%
RS Rock outcrop-Cherioni complex 11,289.7 48.1%
TB Torrifluvents 1,184.0 5.0%
TrB Tremant-Rillito complex, 1 to 3 27.5 0.1%
percent slopes
TSC Tremant-Rillito complex, 0 to 5 165.0 0.7%
percent slopes
Vg Vint loamy fine sand 13.6 0.1%
Vh Vint fine sandy loam 203.4 0.9%
Subtotals for Soil Survey Area 22,995.4 98.0%
Totals for Area of Interest 23,467.1 100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils
or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the
maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
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Custom Soil Resource Report
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape,
however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability
of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend
beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic
class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic
classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas
for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes
other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally
are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used.
Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified
by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the
contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with
some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been
observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially
where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations
to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness
or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic
classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments
on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If
intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to
define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each
description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties
and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons
that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity,
degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such
differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the
detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly
indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0
to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The
pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all
areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or
anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical
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Custom Soil Resource Report
or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and
relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-
Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that
could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of
the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be
made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up
of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material
and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Gila River Indian Reservation, Arizona, Parts of Maricopa and Pinal
Counties
5—Carrizo very gravelly coarse sand, 0 to 1 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 500 to 2,500 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 10 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 73 degrees F
Frost-free period: 240 to 350 days
Map Unit Composition
Carrizo and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Carrizo
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Dip
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Stream alluvium
Typical profile
C1 - 0 to 52 inches: very gravelly coarse sand
C2 - 52 to 60 inches: very gravelly loamy coarse sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very high (19.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 1.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 6w
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7w
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Sandy Wash 7-10" p.z. (R040XB216AZ)
9—Cavelt-Carrizo-Gunsight complex, 1 to 10 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 450 to 2,600 feet
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 10 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 73 degrees F
Frost-free period: 240 to 350 days
Map Unit Composition
Cavelt and similar soils: 35 percent
Carrizo and similar soils: 25 percent
Gunsight and similar soils: 20 percent
Description of Cavelt
Setting
Landform: Fan terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Fan alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 1 inches: very gravelly loam
Bw - 1 to 8 inches: gravelly loam
2Bkm1 - 8 to 17 inches: cemented material
2Bkm2 - 17 to 27 inches: cemented material
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 10 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 3 to 20 inches to petrocalcic; 3 to 20 inches to petrocalcic
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately
low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 0.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Ecological site: Limy Upland 7-10" p.z. (R040XB210AZ)
Description of Carrizo
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Dip
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Fan alluvium
Typical profile
C1 - 0 to 39 inches: very gravelly coarse sand
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Custom Soil Resource Report
C2 - 39 to 60 inches: very gravelly loamy coarse sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very high (19.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 1.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 6w
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7w
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Sandy Wash 7-10" p.z. (R040XB216AZ)
Description of Gunsight
Setting
Landform: Fan terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Fan alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 1 inches: very gravelly sandy loam
Bw - 1 to 20 inches: very gravelly sandy loam
Bk - 20 to 30 inches: extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam
2Ck - 30 to 60 inches: very gravelly coarse sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 10 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 40 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to moderately saline (0.0 to 16.0 mmhos/
cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Upland 7-10" p.z. Deep (R040XB208AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
11—Cristobal-Gunsight complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 400 to 3,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 10 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 73 degrees F
Frost-free period: 240 to 350 days
Map Unit Composition
Cristobal and similar soils: 50 percent
Gunsight and similar soils: 30 percent
Description of Cristobal
Setting
Landform: Fan terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Fan alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 1 inches: very gravelly loam
Btk - 1 to 41 inches: extremely gravelly sandy clay loam
2Ckqm - 41 to 60 inches: cemented material
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to petrocalcic
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately
low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Upland 7-10" p.z. Deep (R040XB208AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Gunsight
Setting
Landform: Fan terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Fan alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 1 inches: very gravelly sandy loam
Bk - 1 to 17 inches: very gravelly loam
2Ck - 17 to 60 inches: very gravelly loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 40 percent
Gypsum, maximum in profile: 10 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Slightly saline to moderately saline (8.0 to 16.0 mmhos/
cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 25.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Upland 7-10" p.z. Deep (R040XB208AZ)
14—Denure-Pahaka complex, 3 to 5 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,000 to 2,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 10 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 73 degrees F
Frost-free period: 240 to 350 days
Map Unit Composition
Denure and similar soils: 40 percent
Pahaka and similar soils: 25 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Denure
Setting
Landform: Fan terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Fan alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 2 inches: very gravelly fine sandy loam
Bk - 2 to 47 inches: fine sandy loam
2Ck - 47 to 60 inches: very gravelly sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 5.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. (R040XB207AZ)
Description of Pahaka
Setting
Landform: Fan terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Fan alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 1 inches: very gravelly fine sandy loam
Bnw - 1 to 30 inches: gravelly loam
2Btknzb - 30 to 60 inches: gravelly clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Very slightly saline to moderately saline (4.0 to 16.0
mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 30.0
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7c
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. (R040XB207AZ)
15—Gadsden, Glenbar, and Vint soils, saline-sodic, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 940 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 10 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 73 degrees F
Frost-free period: 240 to 350 days
Map Unit Composition
Vint and similar soils: 0 percent
Glenbar and similar soils: 0 percent
Gadsden and similar soils: 0 percent
Description of Gadsden
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Dip
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Stream alluvium
Typical profile
A/C - 0 to 5 inches: silty clay loam
Cz - 5 to 60 inches: stratified silty clay loam to silty clay
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to
moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Salinity, maximum in profile: Slightly saline to strongly saline (8.0 to 32.0 mmhos/
cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 30.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7w
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Ecological site: Saline Bottom 7-10" p.z. (R040XB227AZ)
Description of Glenbar
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Dip
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Stream alluvium
Typical profile
Anz - 0 to 3 inches: silt loam
Cnz - 3 to 60 inches: stratified silt loam to silty clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Slightly saline to strongly saline (8.0 to 32.0 mmhos/
cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 30.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7w
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Ecological site: Saline Bottom 7-10" p.z. (R040XB227AZ)
Description of Vint
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Dip
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Stream alluvium
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Typical profile
C - 0 to 43 inches: loamy fine sand
Cz - 43 to 60 inches: stratified very fine sandy loam to silty clay
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Slightly saline to strongly saline (8.0 to 32.0 mmhos/
cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 30.0
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 3.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Saline Bottom 7-10" p.z. (R040XB227AZ)
24—Momoli cobbly sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 400 to 2,500 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 10 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 73 degrees F
Frost-free period: 240 to 350 days
Map Unit Composition
Momoli and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Momoli
Setting
Landform: Fan terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Fan alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 2 inches: cobbly sandy loam
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Bk - 2 to 43 inches: very gravelly sandy loam
2Btkb - 43 to 60 inches: very gravelly sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 5 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 5.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Sandy Loam Upland 7-10" p.z. (R040XB218AZ)
27—Quilotosa-Rock outcrop-Vaiva complex, 20 to 65 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,150 to 3,100 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 10 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 73 degrees F
Frost-free period: 240 to 350 days
Map Unit Composition
Quilotosa and similar soils: 50 percent
Rock outcrop: 30 percent
Vaiva and similar soils: 10 percent
Description of Quilotosa
Setting
Landform: Hills, mountains
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Alluvium and/or colluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 1 inches: extremely gravelly sandy loam
Bw - 1 to 9 inches: extremely gravelly sandy loam
Crtk - 9 to 16 inches: bedrock
R - 16 to 26 inches: bedrock
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Properties and qualities
Slope: 20 to 65 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 4 to 20 inches to paralithic bedrock; 4 to 20 inches to
lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to low (0.00 to
0.01 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 8 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 0.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Ecological site: Granitic Hills 7-10" p.z. (R040XB206AZ)
Description of Vaiva
Setting
Landform: Mountains, hills
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Alluvium and/or colluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 1 inches: extremely gravelly sandy loam
Bt - 1 to 8 inches: extremely gravelly sandy clay loam
Crtk - 8 to 18 inches: bedrock
R - 18 to 60 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 20 to 25 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 6 to 20 inches to paralithic bedrock; 8 to 20 inches to
lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to low (0.00 to
0.01 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 0.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Ecological site: Granitic Hills 7-10" p.z. (R040XB206AZ)
29—Rillito-Gunsight complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,100 to 1,500 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 3 to 10 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 73 degrees F
Frost-free period: 240 to 350 days
Map Unit Composition
Rillito and similar soils: 35 percent
Gunsight and similar soils: 20 percent
Description of Rillito
Setting
Landform: Fan terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Fan alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 10 inches: gravelly sandy loam
Bk1 - 10 to 45 inches: gravelly loam
Bk2 - 45 to 60 inches: loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 40 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (2.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Upland 7-10" p.z. Deep (R040XB208AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Gunsight
Setting
Landform: Fan terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Fan alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 1 inches: very gravelly loam
Bw - 1 to 16 inches: very gravelly fine sandy loam
Bk - 16 to 42 inches: very gravelly sandy loam
2Ck - 42 to 60 inches: loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 40 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 5.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Upland 7-10" p.z. Deep (R040XB208AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Maricopa County, Arizona, Central Part
Aa—Agualt loam
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,500 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Agualt and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Agualt
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans, flood plains, terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, dip
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Recent mixed alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 11 inches: loam
C1 - 11 to 27 inches: loam
2C2 - 27 to 60 inches: sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated and either protected from
flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Loamy Swale 7-10" p.z. (R040XB211AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
AbA—Antho sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 850 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Antho and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Antho
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans, stream terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Recent mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A/C1 - 0 to 13 inches: sandy loam
C2 - 13 to 36 inches: sandy loam
C3 - 36 to 47 inches: loamy sand
2Btb - 47 to 60 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 6.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. (R040XB207AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Ac—Antho sandy loam, saline-alkali
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 850 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Antho and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Antho
Setting
Landform: Plains
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Recent mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A/C1 - 0 to 13 inches: sandy loam
C2 - 13 to 36 inches: sandy loam
C3 - 36 to 47 inches: loamy sand
2Btb - 47 to 60 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Very slightly saline to slightly saline (4.0 to 8.0 mmhos/
cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 30.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 6.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Sandy Loam Upland 7-10" p.z. Saline (R040XB226AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
AGB—Antho-Carrizo complex, 0 to 3 percent
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 750 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Antho and similar soils: 35 percent
Carrizo and similar soils: 30 percent
Description of Antho
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Recent mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A/C1 - 0 to 13 inches: sandy loam
C2 - 13 to 36 inches: sandy loam
C3 - 36 to 47 inches: loamy sand
2Btb - 47 to 60 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 6.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. (R040XB207AZ)
Description of Carrizo
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Recent mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: gravelly sandy loam
C - 5 to 60 inches: very gravelly coarse sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Sandy Wash 7-10" p.z. (R040XB216AZ)
AL—Antho association
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 850 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Antho and similar soils: 55 percent
Antho and similar soils: 30 percent
Description of Antho
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Recent mixed alluvium
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Typical profile
A/C1 - 0 to 13 inches: sandy loam
C2 - 13 to 36 inches: sandy loam
C3 - 36 to 47 inches: loamy sand
2Btb - 47 to 60 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 6.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. (R040XB207AZ)
Description of Antho
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Recent mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A/C1 - 0 to 13 inches: gravelly sandy loam
C2 - 13 to 36 inches: sandy loam
C3 - 36 to 47 inches: loamy sand
2Btb - 47 to 60 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 6.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. (R040XB207AZ)
Ao—Avondale clay loam
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 750 to 1,350 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Avondale and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Avondale
Setting
Landform: Plains, stream terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Recent mixed alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 12 inches: clay loam
C1 - 12 to 37 inches: loam
C2 - 37 to 60 inches: loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: High (about 10.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated
Land capability classification (irrigated): 1
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7c
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Ecological site: Prosopis velutina-Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana/Sporobolus
wrightii (F040XB214AZ)
Br—Brios loamy sand
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 700 to 1,300 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Brios and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Brios
Setting
Landform: Flood plains, alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, dip
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Recent alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 14 inches: loamy sand
C1 - 14 to 22 inches: coarse sand
C2 - 22 to 60 inches: stratified gravelly coarse sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Farmland of unique importance
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Sandy Wash 7-10" p.z. (R040XB216AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Bs—Brios sandy loam
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 700 to 1,300 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Brios and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Brios
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans, terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Recent alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 14 inches: sandy loam
C1 - 14 to 22 inches: coarse sand
C2 - 22 to 60 inches: stratified gravelly coarse sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Farmland of unique importance
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Sandy Wash 7-10" p.z. (R040XB216AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Bt—Brios loam
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 700 to 1,300 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Brios and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Brios
Setting
Landform: Terraces, alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Recent alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 14 inches: loam
C1 - 14 to 22 inches: coarse sand
C2 - 22 to 60 inches: stratified gravelly coarse sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Farmland of unique importance
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Sandy Wash 7-10" p.z. (R040XB216AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
CA2—Calciorthids and Torriorthents, eroded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Torriorthents and similar soils: 0 percent
Calciorthids and similar soils: 0 percent
Description of Calciorthids
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans, stream terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 40 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Ecological site: Limy Slopes 7-10" p.z. (R040XB209AZ)
Description of Torriorthents
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces, alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 40 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Ecological site: Limy Slopes 7-10" p.z. (R040XB209AZ)
CF—Carrizo and Brios soils
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 700 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Carrizo and similar soils: 45 percent
Brios and similar soils: 35 percent
Description of Carrizo
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Dip
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Recent mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: gravelly sandy loam
C - 5 to 60 inches: very gravelly coarse sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 6w
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
39

Custom Soil Resource Report
Ecological site: Sandy Wash 7-10" p.z. (R040XB216AZ)
Description of Brios
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Dip
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Recent alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 14 inches: loamy sand
C1 - 14 to 22 inches: coarse sand
C2 - 22 to 60 inches: stratified gravelly coarse sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Sandy Wash 7-10" p.z. (R040XB216AZ)
CO—Cherioni-Rock outcrop complex
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 72 degrees F
Frost-free period: 270 to 325 days
Map Unit Composition
Cherioni and similar soils: 50 percent
Rock outcrop: 20 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Cherioni
Setting
Landform: Hills, mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Alluvium derived from andesite and/or colluvium derived from
andesite
Typical profile
A - 0 to 1 inches: very gravelly loam
B - 1 to 6 inches: very gravelly loam
Bkqm - 6 to 12 inches: cemented material
R - 12 to 16 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 3 to 25 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 2.0 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 5 to 18 inches to duripan; 6 to 20 inches to lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to low (0.00 to
0.01 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 0.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Ecological site: Limy Upland 7-10" p.z. (R040XB210AZ)
CV—Coolidge-Laveen association
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Laveen and similar soils: 40 percent
Coolidge and similar soils: 40 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Coolidge
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 13 inches: sandy loam
B - 13 to 24 inches: sandy loam
Bk - 24 to 63 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 40 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. (R040XB207AZ)
Description of Laveen
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 15 inches: sandy loam
Bk1 - 15 to 50 inches: loam
Bk2 - 50 to 72 inches: gravelly loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 9.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 1
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7c
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. (R040XB207AZ)
EPD—Ebon-Pinamt complex, 0 to 10 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 900 to 1,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Ebon and similar soils: 40 percent
Pinamt and similar soils: 25 percent
Description of Ebon
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Gravelly alluvium derived from granite and/or gravelly alluvium
derived from gneiss
Typical profile
A - 0 to 2 inches: gravelly loam
Bw - 2 to 13 inches: very cobbly clay loam
Btk - 13 to 38 inches: very cobbly clay
Bk - 38 to 60 inches: very cobbly sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 10 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to
moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 10 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 5.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Ecological site: Clay Loam Upland 7-10" p.z. (R040XB205AZ)
Description of Pinamt
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Stratified very gravelly mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 2 inches: gravelly sandy loam
B - 2 to 6 inches: very gravelly sandy loam
Btk - 6 to 22 inches: very gravelly sandy clay loam
Bk - 22 to 60 inches: very gravelly sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 10 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Upland 7-10" p.z. Deep (R040XB208AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
GA—Gachado-Rock outcrop complex
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,500 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 310 days
Map Unit Composition
Rock outcrop: 40 percent
Gachado and similar soils: 40 percent
Description of Gachado
Setting
Landform: Hills, mountains
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Mixed colluvium and/or mixed residuum
Typical profile
A - 0 to 1 inches: very gravelly clay loam
Bw - 1 to 4 inches: very gravelly loam
Btk - 4 to 14 inches: very gravelly sandy clay loam
R - 14 to 23 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 5 to 10 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 7 to 20 inches to lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to low (0.00 to
0.01 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 1.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Ecological site: Granitic Upland 7-10" p.z. (R040XB220AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Ge—Gilman fine sandy loam
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 60 to 73 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Gilman and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Gilman
Setting
Landform: Terraces, alluvial fans, flood plains
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Recent mixed alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 18 inches: fine sandy loam
C1 - 18 to 37 inches: loam
C2 - 37 to 64 inches: very fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: High (about 10.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated
Land capability classification (irrigated): 1
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7c
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Loamy Swale 7-10" p.z. (R040XB211AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Gf—Gilman fine sandy loam, saline-alkali
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 60 to 73 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Gilman and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Gilman
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces, alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Recent mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 18 inches: fine sandy loam
C1 - 18 to 37 inches: loam
C2 - 37 to 64 inches: very fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Very slightly saline to strongly saline (4.0 to 40.0
mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 30.0
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Farmland of unique importance
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Saline Bottom 7-10" p.z. (R040XB227AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
GgA—Gilman loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 60 to 73 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Gilman and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Gilman
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans, stream terraces, plains
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Recent mixed alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 18 inches: loam
C1 - 18 to 37 inches: loam
C2 - 37 to 64 inches: very fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: High (about 10.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated and either protected from
flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season
Land capability classification (irrigated): 1
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7c
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. (R040XB207AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Gh—Gilman loam, saline-alkali
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 60 to 73 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Gilman and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Gilman
Setting
Landform: Flood plains, terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, dip
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Recent mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 18 inches: loam
C1 - 18 to 37 inches: loam
C2 - 37 to 64 inches: very fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Very slightly saline to strongly saline (4.0 to 40.0
mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 30.0
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Farmland of unique importance
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Saline Bottom 7-10" p.z. (R040XB227AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
GPI—Gravel pit
Map Unit Composition
Gravel pit: 100 percent
Gt—Glenbar clay loam
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 700 to 1,250 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 68 to 71 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Glenbar and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Glenbar
Setting
Landform: Plains, terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 15 inches: clay loam
C - 15 to 60 inches: clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: High (about 12.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated and either protected from
flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season
Land capability classification (irrigated): 1
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7c
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Clay Loam Upland 7-10" p.z. (R040XB205AZ)
GWD—Gunsight-Pinal complex, 1 to 10 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 68 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 320 days
Map Unit Composition
Gunsight and similar soils: 40 percent
Pinal and similar soils: 30 percent
Description of Gunsight
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 3 inches: cobbly loam
Bk - 3 to 46 inches: very gravelly loam
2Bb - 46 to 67 inches: very gravelly sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 10 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 2.5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 40 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Upland 7-10" p.z. Deep (R040XB208AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Pinal
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Old gravelly and cobbly mixed valley fill alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 12 inches: gravelly loam
Bkqm - 12 to 60 inches: cemented material
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 2.5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 8 to 20 inches to duripan
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately
high (0.00 to 0.20 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 25 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (2.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 1.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Ecological site: Limy Upland 7-10" p.z. (R040XB210AZ)
GxB—Gunsight-Rillito complex, 1 to 3 percent
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 68 to 72 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Gunsight and similar soils: 45 percent
Rillito and similar soils: 45 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Rillito
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 10 inches: gravelly loam
Bk - 10 to 75 inches: gravelly loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. (R040XB207AZ)
Description of Gunsight
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 3 inches: gravelly loam
Bk - 3 to 46 inches: very gravelly loam
2Bb - 46 to 67 inches: very gravelly sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Upland 7-10" p.z. Deep (R040XB208AZ)
GYD—Gunsight-Rillito complex, 0 to 10 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 68 to 72 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Rillito and similar soils: 40 percent
Gunsight and similar soils: 40 percent
Description of Gunsight
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 3 inches: gravelly loam
Bk - 3 to 46 inches: very gravelly loam
2Bb - 46 to 67 inches: very gravelly sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 10 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Upland 7-10" p.z. Deep (R040XB208AZ)
Description of Rillito
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 10 inches: gravelly loam
Bk - 10 to 75 inches: gravelly loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 10 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. (R040XB207AZ)
LcA—Laveen loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 73 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Laveen and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Laveen
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans, plains
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 15 inches: loam
Bk1 - 15 to 50 inches: loam
Bk2 - 50 to 72 inches: gravelly loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 9.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated
Land capability classification (irrigated): 1
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7c
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. (R040XB207AZ)
Ma—Maripo sandy loam
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,450 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Maripo and similar soils: 100 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Maripo
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans, flood plains, stream terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, dip
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Recent mixed alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 13 inches: sandy loam
C1 - 13 to 34 inches: sandy loam
2C2 - 34 to 60 inches: gravelly sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 15 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 5.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Sandy Wash 7-10" p.z. (R040XB216AZ)
PRB—Perryville-Rillito complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 68 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Perryville and similar soils: 35 percent
Rillito and similar soils: 30 percent
Perryville and similar soils: 10 percent
Description of Perryville
Setting
Landform: Plains, alluvial fans
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 9 inches: loam
Ck1 - 9 to 38 inches: gravelly loam
Ck2 - 38 to 65 inches: sandy loam
2C - 65 to 72 inches: very gravelly loamy sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. (R040XB207AZ)
Description of Rillito
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans, plains
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 10 inches: gravelly loam
Bk - 10 to 75 inches: gravelly loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. (R040XB207AZ)
Description of Perryville
Setting
Landform: Plains, alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 9 inches: sandy loam
Ck1 - 9 to 38 inches: gravelly loam
Ck2 - 38 to 65 inches: sandy loam
2C - 65 to 72 inches: very gravelly loamy sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. (R040XB207AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
PT—Pinal gravelly loam
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 70 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 270 to 320 days
Map Unit Composition
Pinal and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Pinal
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Old gravelly and cobbly mixed valley fill alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 12 inches: gravelly loam
Bkqm - 12 to 60 inches: cemented material
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 8 to 20 inches to duripan
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately
high (0.00 to 0.20 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 25 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (2.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 1.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Ecological site: Limy Upland 7-10" p.z. (R040XB210AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
PYD—Pinamt-Tremant complex, 1 to 10 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 320 days
Map Unit Composition
Pinamt and similar soils: 40 percent
Tremant and similar soils: 30 percent
Description of Pinamt
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Stratified very gravelly mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 2 inches: very cobbly loam
B - 2 to 6 inches: very gravelly sandy loam
Btk - 6 to 22 inches: very gravelly sandy clay loam
Bk - 22 to 60 inches: very cobbly sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 10 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 2.0 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 4s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Upland 7-10" p.z. Deep (R040XB208AZ)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Tremant
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Gravelly mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 1 inches: gravelly loam
Bt - 1 to 8 inches: clay loam
Btk - 8 to 23 inches: gravelly clay loam
Bk - 23 to 60 inches: gravelly loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 10 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 2.0 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to
moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Loamy Upland 7-10" p.z. (R040XB213AZ)
RbA—Rillito loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 68 to 71 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Rillito and similar soils: 100 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Rillito
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 10 inches: loam
Bk - 10 to 75 inches: gravelly loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. (R040XB207AZ)
RS—Rock outcrop-Cherioni complex
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 72 degrees F
Frost-free period: 270 to 325 days
Map Unit Composition
Rock outcrop: 65 percent
Cherioni and similar soils: 20 percent
Description of Cherioni
Setting
Landform: Hills, mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Alluvium derived from andesite and/or colluvium derived from
andesite
Typical profile
A - 0 to 1 inches: very gravelly loam
B - 1 to 6 inches: very gravelly loam
Bkqm - 6 to 12 inches: cemented material
R - 12 to 16 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 5 to 70 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 5 to 18 inches to duripan; 6 to 20 inches to lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to low (0.00 to
0.01 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 0.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Ecological site: Basalt Hills 7-10" p.z. (R040XB201AZ)
TB—Torrifluvents
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 300 days
Map Unit Composition
Torrifluvents and similar soils: 0 percent
Description of Torrifluvents
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Parent material: Young unconsolidated alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Ecological site: Sandy Wash 7-10" p.z. (R040XB216AZ)
TrB—Tremant-Rillito complex, 1 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 68 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 320 days
Map Unit Composition
Tremant and similar soils: 35 percent
Rillito and similar soils: 30 percent
Description of Tremant
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Gravelly mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 1 inches: gravelly clay loam
Bt - 1 to 8 inches: clay loam
Btk - 8 to 23 inches: gravelly clay loam
Bk - 23 to 60 inches: gravelly loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to
moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Clay Loam Upland 7-10" p.z. (R040XB205AZ)
Description of Rillito
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 10 inches: gravelly loam
Bk - 10 to 75 inches: gravelly loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. (R040XB207AZ)
TSC—Tremant-Rillito complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 800 to 1,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Mean annual air temperature: 68 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 320 days
Map Unit Composition
Tremant and similar soils: 35 percent
Rillito and similar soils: 30 percent
Description of Tremant
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Gravelly mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 1 inches: gravelly clay loam
Bt - 1 to 8 inches: clay loam
Btk - 8 to 23 inches: gravelly clay loam
Bk - 23 to 60 inches: gravelly loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to
moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Clay Loam Upland 7-10" p.z. (R040XB205AZ)
Description of Rillito
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 10 inches: gravelly loam
Bk - 10 to 75 inches: gravelly loam
67

Custom Soil Resource Report
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 30 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2e
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Limy Fan 7-10" p.z. (R040XB207AZ)
Vg—Vint loamy fine sand
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 750 to 1,300 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 290 days
Map Unit Composition
Vint and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Vint
Setting
Landform: Flood plains, terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, dip
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Recent mixed alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 2 inches: loamy fine sand
C - 2 to 60 inches: loamy fine sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 6.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Farmland of unique importance
Land capability classification (irrigated): 3s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Sandy Wash 7-10" p.z. (R040XB216AZ)
Vh—Vint fine sandy loam
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 750 to 1,300 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 6 to 8 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 69 to 74 degrees F
Frost-free period: 250 to 290 days
Map Unit Composition
Vint and similar soils: 100 percent
Description of Vint
Setting
Landform: Terraces, flood plains
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, dip
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Recent mixed alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 2 inches: fine sandy loam
C - 2 to 60 inches: loamy fine sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Calcium carbonate, maximum in profile: 5 percent
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 4.0 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum in profile: 13.0
69

Custom Soil Resource Report
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 6.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Farmland of unique importance
Land capability classification (irrigated): 2s
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7c
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: Sandy Wash 7-10" p.z. (R040XB216AZ)
70

References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004.
Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and
testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FWS/OBS-79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils
in the United States.
National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S.
Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/
detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making
and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/
portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
Section.
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical
Report Y-87-1.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/
home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/
detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084
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Custom Soil Resource Report
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the
Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296.
http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?
cid=nrcs142p2_053624
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land
capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http://
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf
72

Glossary
Many of the terms relating to landforms, geology, and geomorphology are defined in
more detail in the “National Soil Survey Handbook.”
ABC soil
A soil having an A, a B, and a C horizon.
Ablation till
Loose, relatively permeable earthy material deposited during the downwasting of
nearly static glacial ice, either contained within or accumulated on the surface of
the glacier.
AC soil
A soil having only an A and a C horizon. Commonly, such soil formed in recent
alluvium or on steep, rocky slopes.
Aeration, soil
The exchange of air in soil with air from the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated
soil is similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a poorly aerated soil is
considerably higher in carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.
Aggregate, soil
Many fine particles held in a single mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such
as granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods are aggregates produced
by tillage or logging.
Alkali (sodic) soil
A soil having so high a degree of alkalinity (pH 8.5 or higher) or so high a
percentage of exchangeable sodium (15 percent or more of the total
exchangeable bases), or both, that plant growth is restricted.
Alluvial cone
A semiconical type of alluvial fan having very steep slopes. It is higher, narrower,
and steeper than a fan and is composed of coarser and thicker layers of material
deposited by a combination of alluvial episodes and (to a much lesser degree)
landslides (debris flow). The coarsest materials tend to be concentrated at the
apex of the cone.
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Alluvial fan
A low, outspread mass of loose materials and/or rock material, commonly with
gentle slopes. It is shaped like an open fan or a segment of a cone. The material
was deposited by a stream at the place where it issues from a narrow mountain
valley or upland valley or where a tributary stream is near or at its junction with
the main stream. The fan is steepest near its apex, which points upstream, and
slopes gently and convexly outward (downstream) with a gradual decrease in
gradient.
Alluvium
Unconsolidated material, such as gravel, sand, silt, clay, and various mixtures of
these, deposited on land by running water.
Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl
A compound that when dissolved in ammonium acetate is used to detect the
presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A positive reaction implies reducing
conditions and the likely presence of redoximorphic features.
Animal unit month (AUM)
The amount of forage required by one mature cow of approximately 1,000 pounds
weight, with or without a calf, for 1 month.
Aquic conditions
Current soil wetness characterized by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic
features.
Argillic horizon
A subsoil horizon characterized by an accumulation of illuvial clay.
Arroyo
The flat-floored channel of an ephemeral stream, commonly with very steep to
vertical banks cut in unconsolidated material. It is usually dry but can be
transformed into a temporary watercourse or short-lived torrent after heavy rain
within the watershed.
Aspect
The direction toward which a slope faces. Also called slope aspect.
Association, soil
A group of soils or miscellaneous areas geographically associated in a
characteristic repeating pattern and defined and delineated as a single map unit.
Available water capacity (available moisture capacity)
The capacity of soils to hold water available for use by most plants. It is commonly
defined as the difference between the amount of soil water at field moisture
capacity and the amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed as inches of
water per inch of soil. The capacity, in inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting
layer is expressed as:
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Very low: 0 to 3
Low: 3 to 6
Moderate: 6 to 9
High: 9 to 12
Very high: More than 12
Backslope
The position that forms the steepest and generally linear, middle portion of a
hillslope. In profile, backslopes are commonly bounded by a convex shoulder
above and a concave footslope below.
Backswamp
A flood-plain landform. Extensive, marshy or swampy, depressed areas of flood
plains between natural levees and valley sides or terraces.
Badland
A landscape that is intricately dissected and characterized by a very fine drainage
network with high drainage densities and short, steep slopes and narrow
interfluves. Badlands develop on surfaces that have little or no vegetative cover
overlying unconsolidated or poorly cemented materials (clays, silts, or
sandstones) with, in some cases, soluble minerals, such as gypsum or halite.
Bajada
A broad, gently inclined alluvial piedmont slope extending from the base of a
mountain range out into a basin and formed by the lateral coalescence of a series
of alluvial fans. Typically, it has a broadly undulating transverse profile, parallel to
the mountain front, resulting from the convexities of component fans. The term is
generally restricted to constructional slopes of intermontane basins.
Basal area
The area of a cross section of a tree, generally referring to the section at breast
height and measured outside the bark. It is a measure of stand density, commonly
expressed in square feet.
Base saturation
The degree to which material having cation-exchange properties is saturated with
exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K), expressed as a percentage of
the total cation-exchange capacity.
Base slope (geomorphology)
A geomorphic component of hills consisting of the concave to linear
(perpendicular to the contour) slope that, regardless of the lateral shape, forms
an apron or wedge at the bottom of a hillside dominated by colluvium and slope-
wash sediments (for example, slope alluvium).
Bedding plane
A planar or nearly planar bedding surface that visibly separates each successive
layer of stratified sediment or rock (of the same or different lithology) from the
preceding or following layer; a plane of deposition. It commonly marks a change
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in the circumstances of deposition and may show a parting, a color difference, a
change in particle size, or various combinations of these. The term is commonly
applied to any bedding surface, even one that is conspicuously bent or deformed
by folding.
Bedding system
A drainage system made by plowing, grading, or otherwise shaping the surface
of a flat field. It consists of a series of low ridges separated by shallow, parallel
dead furrows.
Bedrock
The solid rock that underlies the soil and other unconsolidated material or that is
exposed at the surface.
Bedrock-controlled topography
A landscape where the configuration and relief of the landforms are determined
or strongly influenced by the underlying bedrock.
Bench terrace
A raised, level or nearly level strip of earth constructed on or nearly on a contour,
supported by a barrier of rocks or similar material, and designed to make the soil
suitable for tillage and to prevent accelerated erosion.
Bisequum
Two sequences of soil horizons, each of which consists of an illuvial horizon and
the overlying eluvial horizons.
Blowout (map symbol)
A saucer-, cup-, or trough-shaped depression formed by wind erosion on a
preexisting dune or other sand deposit, especially in an area of shifting sand or
loose soil or where protective vegetation is disturbed or destroyed. The adjoining
accumulation of sand derived from the depression, where recognizable, is
commonly included. Blowouts are commonly small.
Borrow pit (map symbol)
An open excavation from which soil and underlying material have been removed,
usually for construction purposes.
Bottom land
An informal term loosely applied to various portions of a flood plain.
Boulders
Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60 centimeters) in diameter.
Breaks
A landscape or tract of steep, rough or broken land dissected by ravines and
gullies and marking a sudden change in topography.
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Breast height
An average height of 4.5 feet above the ground surface; the point on a tree where
diameter measurements are ordinarily taken.
Brush management
Use of mechanical, chemical, or biological methods to make conditions favorable
for reseeding or to reduce or eliminate competition from woody vegetation and
thus allow understory grasses and forbs to recover. Brush management increases
forage production and thus reduces the hazard of erosion. It can improve the
habitat for some species of wildlife.
Butte
An isolated, generally flat-topped hill or mountain with relatively steep slopes and
talus or precipitous cliffs and characterized by summit width that is less than the
height of bounding escarpments; commonly topped by a caprock of resistant
material and representing an erosion remnant carved from flat-lying rocks.
Cable yarding
A method of moving felled trees to a nearby central area for transport to a
processing facility. Most cable yarding systems involve use of a drum, a pole, and
wire cables in an arrangement similar to that of a rod and reel used for fishing. To
reduce friction and soil disturbance, felled trees generally are reeled in while one
end is lifted or the entire log is suspended.
Calcareous soil
A soil containing enough calcium carbonate (commonly combined with
magnesium carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with cold, dilute
hydrochloric acid.
Caliche
A general term for a prominent zone of secondary carbonate accumulation in
surficial materials in warm, subhumid to arid areas. Caliche is formed by both
geologic and pedologic processes. Finely crystalline calcium carbonate forms a
nearly continuous surface-coating and void-filling medium in geologic (parent)
materials. Cementation ranges from weak in nonindurated forms to very strong in
indurated forms. Other minerals (e.g., carbonates, silicate, and sulfate) may occur
as accessory cements. Most petrocalcic horizons and some calcic horizons are
caliche.
California bearing ratio (CBR)
The load-supporting capacity of a soil as compared to that of standard crushed
limestone, expressed as a ratio. First standardized in California. A soil having a
CBR of 16 supports 16 percent of the load that would be supported by standard
crushed limestone, per unit area, with the same degree of distortion.
Canopy
The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See Crown.)
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Canyon
A long, deep, narrow valley with high, precipitous walls in an area of high local
relief.
Capillary water
Water held as a film around soil particles and in tiny spaces between particles.
Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds capillary water in the soil.
Catena
A sequence, or “chain,” of soils on a landscape that formed in similar kinds of
parent material and under similar climatic conditions but that have different
characteristics as a result of differences in relief and drainage.
Cation
An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity. The common soil cations are
calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.
Cation-exchange capacity
The total amount of exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil, expressed
in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some
other stated pH value. The term, as applied to soils, is synonymous with base-
exchange capacity but is more precise in meaning.
Catsteps
See Terracettes.
Cement rock
Shaly limestone used in the manufacture of cement.
Channery soil material
Soil material that has, by volume, 15 to 35 percent thin, flat fragments of
sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist as much as 6 inches (15 centimeters)
along the longest axis. A single piece is called a channer.
Chemical treatment
Control of unwanted vegetation through the use of chemicals.
Chiseling
Tillage with an implement having one or more soil-penetrating points that shatter
or loosen hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal plow depth.
Cirque
A steep-walled, semicircular or crescent-shaped, half-bowl-like recess or hollow,
commonly situated at the head of a glaciated mountain valley or high on the side
of a mountain. It was produced by the erosive activity of a mountain glacier. It
commonly contains a small round lake (tarn).
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Clay
As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less than 0.002 millimeter in diameter.
As a soil textural class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay, less than 45
percent sand, and less than 40 percent silt.
Clay depletions
See Redoximorphic features.
Clay film
A thin coating of oriented clay on the surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or
root channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.
Clay spot (map symbol)
A spot where the surface texture is silty clay or clay in areas where the surface
layer of the soils in the surrounding map unit is sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or
coarser.
Claypan
A dense, compact subsoil layer that contains much more clay than the overlying
materials, from which it is separated by a sharply defined boundary. The layer
restricts the downward movement of water through the soil. A claypan is
commonly hard when dry and plastic and sticky when wet.
Climax plant community
The stabilized plant community on a particular site. The plant cover reproduces
itself and does not change so long as the environment remains the same.
Coarse textured soil
Sand or loamy sand.
Cobble (or cobblestone)
A rounded or partly rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25 centimeters)
in diameter.
Cobbly soil material
Material that has 15 to 35 percent, by volume, rounded or partially rounded rock
fragments 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25 centimeters) in diameter. Very cobbly soil
material has 35 to 60 percent of these rock fragments, and extremely cobbly soil
material has more than 60 percent.
COLE (coefficient of linear extensibility)
See Linear extensibility.
Colluvium
Unconsolidated, unsorted earth material being transported or deposited on side
slopes and/or at the base of slopes by mass movement (e.g., direct gravitational
action) and by local, unconcentrated runoff.
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Complex slope
Irregular or variable slope. Planning or establishing terraces, diversions, and other
water-control structures on a complex slope is difficult.
Complex, soil
A map unit of two or more kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or so small in area that it is not practical to map them separately at the
selected scale of mapping. The pattern and proportion of the soils or
miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas.
Concretions
See Redoximorphic features.
Conglomerate
A coarse grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of rounded or subangular
rock fragments more than 2 millimeters in diameter. It commonly has a matrix of
sand and finer textured material. Conglomerate is the consolidated equivalent of
gravel.
Conservation cropping system
Growing crops in combination with needed cultural and management practices.
In a good conservation cropping system, the soil-improving crops and practices
more than offset the effects of the soil-depleting crops and practices. Cropping
systems are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving practices in a conservation
cropping system include the use of rotations that contain grasses and legumes
and the return of crop residue to the soil. Other practices include the use of green
manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper tillage, adequate fertilization, and
weed and pest control.
Conservation tillage
A tillage system that does not invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount
of crop residue on the surface throughout the year.
Consistence, soil
Refers to the degree of cohesion and adhesion of soil material and its resistance
to deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes resistance of soil material to
rupture and to penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness of puddled soil
material; and the manner in which the soil material behaves when subject to
compression. Terms describing consistence are defined in the “Soil Survey
Manual.”
Contour stripcropping
Growing crops in strips that follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing
crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled crops or summer fallow.
Control section
The part of the soil on which classification is based. The thickness varies among
different kinds of soil, but for many it is that part of the soil profile between depths
of 10 inches and 40 or 80 inches.
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Coprogenous earth (sedimentary peat)
A type of limnic layer composed predominantly of fecal material derived from
aquatic animals.
Corrosion (geomorphology)
A process of erosion whereby rocks and soil are removed or worn away by natural
chemical processes, especially by the solvent action of running water, but also by
other reactions, such as hydrolysis, hydration, carbonation, and oxidation.
Corrosion (soil survey interpretations)
Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical action that dissolves or weakens
concrete or uncoated steel.
Cover crop
A close-growing crop grown primarily to improve and protect the soil between
periods of regular crop production, or a crop grown between trees and vines in
orchards and vineyards.
Crop residue management
Returning crop residue to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure, organic
matter content, and fertility and helps to control erosion.
Cropping system
Growing crops according to a planned system of rotation and management
practices.
Cross-slope farming
Deliberately conducting farming operations on sloping farmland in such a way that
tillage is across the general slope.
Crown
The upper part of a tree or shrub, including the living branches and their foliage.
Cryoturbate
A mass of soil or other unconsolidated earthy material moved or disturbed by frost
action. It is typically coarser than the underlying material.
Cuesta
An asymmetric ridge capped by resistant rock layers of slight or moderate dip
(commonly less than 15 percent slopes); a type of homocline produced by
differential erosion of interbedded resistant and weak rocks. A cuesta has a long,
gentle slope on one side (dip slope) that roughly parallels the inclined beds; on
the other side, it has a relatively short and steep or clifflike slope (scarp) that cuts
through the tilted rocks.
Culmination of the mean annual increment (CMAI)
The average annual increase per acre in the volume of a stand. Computed by
dividing the total volume of the stand by its age. As the stand increases in age,
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the mean annual increment continues to increase until mortality begins to reduce
the rate of increase. The point where the stand reaches its maximum annual rate
of growth is called the culmination of the mean annual increment.
Cutbanks cave
The walls of excavations tend to cave in or slough.
Decreasers
The most heavily grazed climax range plants. Because they are the most
palatable, they are the first to be destroyed by overgrazing.
Deferred grazing
Postponing grazing or resting grazing land for a prescribed period.
Delta
A body of alluvium having a surface that is fan shaped and nearly flat; deposited
at or near the mouth of a river or stream where it enters a body of relatively quiet
water, generally a sea or lake.
Dense layer
A very firm, massive layer that has a bulk density of more than 1.8 grams per cubic
centimeter. Such a layer affects the ease of digging and can affect filling and
compacting.
Depression, closed (map symbol)
A shallow, saucer-shaped area that is slightly lower on the landscape than the
surrounding area and that does not have a natural outlet for surface drainage.
Depth, soil
Generally, the thickness of the soil over bedrock. Very deep soils are more than
60 inches deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches; moderately deep, 20
to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to 20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches.
Desert pavement
A natural, residual concentration or layer of wind-polished, closely packed gravel,
boulders, and other rock fragments mantling a desert surface. It forms where wind
action and sheetwash have removed all smaller particles or where rock fragments
have migrated upward through sediments to the surface. It typically protects the
finer grained underlying material from further erosion.
Diatomaceous earth
A geologic deposit of fine, grayish siliceous material composed chiefly or entirely
of the remains of diatoms.
Dip slope
A slope of the land surface, roughly determined by and approximately conforming
to the dip of the underlying bedrock.
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Diversion (or diversion terrace)
A ridge of earth, generally a terrace, built to protect downslope areas by diverting
runoff from its natural course.
Divided-slope farming
A form of field stripcropping in which crops are grown in a systematic arrangement
of two strips, or bands, across the slope to reduce the hazard of water erosion.
One strip is in a close-growing crop that provides protection from erosion, and the
other strip is in a crop that provides less protection from erosion. This practice is
used where slopes are not long enough to permit a full stripcropping pattern to be
used.
Drainage class (natural)
Refers to the frequency and duration of wet periods under conditions similar to
those under which the soil formed. Alterations of the water regime by human
activities, either through drainage or irrigation, are not a consideration unless they
have significantly changed the morphology of the soil. Seven classes of natural
soil drainage are recognized—excessively drained, somewhat excessively
drained, well drained, moderately well drained, somewhat poorly drained, poorly
drained, and very poorly drained. These classes are defined in the “Soil Survey
Manual.”
Drainage, surface
Runoff, or surface flow of water, from an area.
Drainageway
A general term for a course or channel along which water moves in draining an
area. A term restricted to relatively small, linear depressions that at some time
move concentrated water and either do not have a defined channel or have only
a small defined channel.
Draw
A small stream valley that generally is shallower and more open than a ravine or
gulch and that has a broader bottom. The present stream channel may appear
inadequate to have cut the drainageway that it occupies.
Drift
A general term applied to all mineral material (clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders)
transported by a glacier and deposited directly by or from the ice or transported
by running water emanating from a glacier. Drift includes unstratified material (till)
that forms moraines and stratified deposits that form outwash plains, eskers,
kames, varves, and glaciofluvial sediments. The term is generally applied to
Pleistocene glacial deposits in areas that no longer contain glaciers.
Drumlin
A low, smooth, elongated oval hill, mound, or ridge of compact till that has a core
of bedrock or drift. It commonly has a blunt nose facing the direction from which
the ice approached and a gentler slope tapering in the other direction. The longer
axis is parallel to the general direction of glacier flow. Drumlins are products of
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streamline (laminar) flow of glaciers, which molded the subglacial floor through a
combination of erosion and deposition.
Duff
A generally firm organic layer on the surface of mineral soils. It consists of fallen
plant material that is in the process of decomposition and includes everything from
the litter on the surface to underlying pure humus.
Dune
A low mound, ridge, bank, or hill of loose, windblown granular material (generally
sand), either barren and capable of movement from place to place or covered and
stabilized with vegetation but retaining its characteristic shape.
Earthy fill
See Mine spoil.
Ecological site
An area where climate, soil, and relief are sufficiently uniform to produce a distinct
natural plant community. An ecological site is the product of all the environmental
factors responsible for its development. It is typified by an association of species
that differ from those on other ecological sites in kind and/or proportion of species
or in total production.
Eluviation
The movement of material in true solution or colloidal suspension from one place
to another within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material through eluviation
are eluvial; those that have received material are illuvial.
Endosaturation
A type of saturation of the soil in which all horizons between the upper boundary
of saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated.
Eolian deposit
Sand-, silt-, or clay-sized clastic material transported and deposited primarily by
wind, commonly in the form of a dune or a sheet of sand or loess.
Ephemeral stream
A stream, or reach of a stream, that flows only in direct response to precipitation.
It receives no long-continued supply from melting snow or other source, and its
channel is above the water table at all times.
Episaturation
A type of saturation indicating a perched water table in a soil in which saturated
layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated layers within 2 meters of the
surface.
Erosion
The wearing away of the land surface by water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents
and by such processes as gravitational creep.
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Erosion (accelerated)
Erosion much more rapid than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human or
animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature, such as a fire, that exposes the
surface.
Erosion (geologic)
Erosion caused by geologic processes acting over long geologic periods and
resulting in the wearing away of mountains and the building up of such landscape
features as flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural erosion.
Erosion pavement
A surficial lag concentration or layer of gravel and other rock fragments that
remains on the soil surface after sheet or rill erosion or wind has removed the finer
soil particles and that tends to protect the underlying soil from further erosion.
Erosion surface
A land surface shaped by the action of erosion, especially by running water.
Escarpment
A relatively continuous and steep slope or cliff breaking the general continuity of
more gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from erosion or faulting. Most
commonly applied to cliffs produced by differential erosion. Synonym: scarp.
Escarpment, bedrock (map symbol)
A relatively continuous and steep slope or cliff, produced by erosion or faulting,
that breaks the general continuity of more gently sloping land surfaces. Exposed
material is hard or soft bedrock.
Escarpment, nonbedrock (map symbol)
A relatively continuous and steep slope or cliff, generally produced by erosion but
in some places produced by faulting, that breaks the continuity of more gently
sloping land surfaces. Exposed earthy material is nonsoil or very shallow soil.
Esker
A long, narrow, sinuous, steep-sided ridge of stratified sand and gravel deposited
as the bed of a stream flowing in an ice tunnel within or below the ice (subglacial)
or between ice walls on top of the ice of a wasting glacier and left behind as high
ground when the ice melted. Eskers range in length from less than a kilometer to
more than 160 kilometers and in height from 3 to 30 meters.
Extrusive rock
Igneous rock derived from deep-seated molten matter (magma) deposited and
cooled on the earth’s surface.
Fallow
Cropland left idle in order to restore productivity through accumulation of moisture.
Summer fallow is common in regions of limited rainfall where cereal grain is grown.
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The soil is tilled for at least one growing season for weed control and
decomposition of plant residue.
Fan remnant
A general term for landforms that are the remaining parts of older fan landforms,
such as alluvial fans, that have been either dissected or partially buried.
Fertility, soil
The quality that enables a soil to provide plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and
in proper balance, for the growth of specified plants when light, moisture,
temperature, tilth, and other growth factors are favorable.
Fibric soil material (peat)
The least decomposed of all organic soil material. Peat contains a large amount
of well preserved fiber that is readily identifiable according to botanical origin. Peat
has the lowest bulk density and the highest water content at saturation of all
organic soil material.
Field moisture capacity
The moisture content of a soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry weight,
after the gravitational, or free, water has drained away; the field moisture content
2 or 3 days after a soaking rain; also called normal field capacity, normal moisture
capacity, or capillary capacity.
Fill slope
A sloping surface consisting of excavated soil material from a road cut. It
commonly is on the downhill side of the road.
Fine textured soil
Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay.
Firebreak
An area cleared of flammable material to stop or help control creeping or running
fires. It also serves as a line from which to work and to facilitate the movement of
firefighters and equipment. Designated roads also serve as firebreaks.
First bottom
An obsolete, informal term loosely applied to the lowest flood-plain steps that are
subject to regular flooding.
Flaggy soil material
Material that has, by volume, 15 to 35 percent flagstones. Very flaggy soil material
has 35 to 60 percent flagstones, and extremely flaggy soil material has more than
60 percent flagstones.
Flagstone
A thin fragment of sandstone, limestone, slate, shale, or (rarely) schist 6 to 15
inches (15 to 38 centimeters) long.
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Flood plain
The nearly level plain that borders a stream and is subject to flooding unless
protected artificially.
Flood-plain landforms
A variety of constructional and erosional features produced by stream channel
migration and flooding. Examples include backswamps, flood-plain splays,
meanders, meander belts, meander scrolls, oxbow lakes, and natural levees.
Flood-plain splay
A fan-shaped deposit or other outspread deposit formed where an overloaded
stream breaks through a levee (natural or artificial) and deposits its material
(commonly coarse grained) on the flood plain.
Flood-plain step
An essentially flat, terrace-like alluvial surface within a valley that is frequently
covered by floodwater from the present stream; any approximately horizontal
surface still actively modified by fluvial scour and/or deposition. May occur
individually or as a series of steps.
Fluvial
Of or pertaining to rivers or streams; produced by stream or river action.
Foothills
A region of steeply sloping hills that fringes a mountain range or high-plateau
escarpment. The hills have relief of as much as 1,000 feet (300 meters).
Footslope
The concave surface at the base of a hillslope. A footslope is a transition zone
between upslope sites of erosion and transport (shoulders and backslopes) and
downslope sites of deposition (toeslopes).
Forb
Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge.
Forest cover
All trees and other woody plants (underbrush) covering the ground in a forest.
Forest type
A stand of trees similar in composition and development because of given physical
and biological factors by which it may be differentiated from other stands.
Fragipan
A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in porosity and content of organic matter
and low or moderate in clay but high in silt or very fine sand. A fragipan appears
cemented and restricts roots. When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a higher
bulk density than the horizon or horizons above. When moist, it tends to rupture
suddenly under pressure rather than to deform slowly.
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Genesis, soil
The mode of origin of the soil. Refers especially to the processes or soil-forming
factors responsible for the formation of the solum, or true soil, from the
unconsolidated parent material.
Gilgai
Commonly, a succession of microbasins and microknolls in nearly level areas or
of microvalleys and microridges parallel with the slope. Typically, the microrelief
of clayey soils that shrink and swell considerably with changes in moisture content.
Glaciofluvial deposits
Material moved by glaciers and subsequently sorted and deposited by streams
flowing from the melting ice. The deposits are stratified and occur in the form of
outwash plains, valley trains, deltas, kames, eskers, and kame terraces.
Glaciolacustrine deposits
Material ranging from fine clay to sand derived from glaciers and deposited in
glacial lakes mainly by glacial meltwater. Many deposits are bedded or laminated.
Gleyed soil
Soil that formed under poor drainage, resulting in the reduction of iron and other
elements in the profile and in gray colors.
Graded stripcropping
Growing crops in strips that grade toward a protected waterway.
Grassed waterway
A natural or constructed waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to grass
as protection against erosion. Conducts surface water away from cropland.
Gravel
Rounded or angular fragments of rock as much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6
centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a pebble.
Gravel pit (map symbol)
An open excavation from which soil and underlying material have been removed
and used, without crushing, as a source of sand or gravel.
Gravelly soil material
Material that has 15 to 35 percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock fragments,
not prominently flattened, as much as 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter.
Gravelly spot (map symbol)
A spot where the surface layer has more than 35 percent, by volume, rock
fragments that are mostly less than 3 inches in diameter in an area that has less
than 15 percent rock fragments.
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Green manure crop (agronomy)
A soil-improving crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage of maturity or
soon after maturity.
Ground water
Water filling all the unblocked pores of the material below the water table.
Gully (map symbol)
A small, steep-sided channel caused by erosion and cut in unconsolidated
materials by concentrated but intermittent flow of water. The distinction between
a gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is an obstacle to farm machinery
and is too deep to be obliterated by ordinary tillage whereas a rill is of lesser depth
and can be smoothed over by ordinary tillage.
Hard bedrock
Bedrock that cannot be excavated except by blasting or by the use of special
equipment that is not commonly used in construction.
Hard to reclaim
Reclamation is difficult after the removal of soil for construction and other uses.
Revegetation and erosion control are extremely difficult.
Hardpan
A hardened or cemented soil horizon, or layer. The soil material is sandy, loamy,
or clayey and is cemented by iron oxide, silica, calcium carbonate, or other
substance.
Head slope (geomorphology)
A geomorphic component of hills consisting of a laterally concave area of a
hillside, especially at the head of a drainageway. The overland waterflow is
converging.
Hemic soil material (mucky peat)
Organic soil material intermediate in degree of decomposition between the less
decomposed fibric material and the more decomposed sapric material.
High-residue crops
Such crops as small grain and corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue
from these crops can be used to control erosion until the next crop in the rotation
is established. These crops return large amounts of organic matter to the soil.
Hill
A generic term for an elevated area of the land surface, rising as much as 1,000
feet above surrounding lowlands, commonly of limited summit area and having a
well defined outline. Slopes are generally more than 15 percent. The distinction
between a hill and a mountain is arbitrary and may depend on local usage.
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Hillslope
A generic term for the steeper part of a hill between its summit and the drainage
line, valley flat, or depression floor at the base of a hill.
Horizon, soil
A layer of soil, approximately parallel to the surface, having distinct characteristics
produced by soil-forming processes. In the identification of soil horizons, an
uppercase letter represents the major horizons. Numbers or lowercase letters that
follow represent subdivisions of the major horizons. An explanation of the
subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey Manual.” The major horizons of mineral
soil are as follows:
O horizon: An organic layer of fresh and decaying plant residue.
L horizon: A layer of organic and mineral limnic materials, including coprogenous
earth (sedimentary peat), diatomaceous earth, and marl.
A horizon: The mineral horizon at or near the surface in which an accumulation
of humified organic matter is mixed with the mineral material. Also, a plowed
surface horizon, most of which was originally part of a B horizon.
E horizon: The mineral horizon in which the main feature is loss of silicate clay,
iron, aluminum, or some combination of these.
B horizon: The mineral horizon below an A horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer
of transition from the overlying A to the underlying C horizon. The B horizon also
has distinctive characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay, sesquioxides,
humus, or a combination of these; (2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or
browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4) a combination of these.
C horizon: The mineral horizon or layer, excluding indurated bedrock, that is little
affected by soil-forming processes and does not have the properties typical of the
overlying soil material. The material of a C horizon may be either like or unlike that
in which the solum formed. If the material is known to differ from that in the solum,
an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the letter C.
Cr horizon: Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath the soil.
R layer: Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil. The bedrock commonly underlies
a C horizon, but it can be directly below an A or a B horizon.
M layer: A root-limiting subsoil layer consisting of nearly continuous, horizontally
oriented, human-manufactured materials.
W layer: A layer of water within or beneath the soil.
Humus
The well decomposed, more or less stable part of the organic matter in mineral
soils.
Hydrologic soil groups
Refers to soils grouped according to their runoff potential. The soil properties that
influence this potential are those that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration
on a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting when the soil is not frozen.
These properties include depth to a seasonal high water table, the infiltration rate,
and depth to a layer that significantly restricts the downward movement of water.
The slope and the kind of plant cover are not considered but are separate factors
in predicting runoff.
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Igneous rock
Rock that was formed by cooling and solidification of magma and that has not
been changed appreciably by weathering since its formation. Major varieties
include plutonic and volcanic rock (e.g., andesite, basalt, and granite).
Illuviation
The movement of soil material from one horizon to another in the soil profile.
Generally, material is removed from an upper horizon and deposited in a lower
horizon.
Impervious soil
A soil through which water, air, or roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is
absolutely impervious to air and water all the time.
Increasers
Species in the climax vegetation that increase in amount as the more desirable
plants are reduced by close grazing. Increasers commonly are the shorter plants
and the less palatable to livestock.
Infiltration
The downward entry of water into the immediate surface of soil or other material,
as contrasted with percolation, which is movement of water through soil layers or
material.
Infiltration capacity
The maximum rate at which water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of
conditions.
Infiltration rate
The rate at which water penetrates the surface of the soil at any given instant,
usually expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be limited by the infiltration
capacity of the soil or the rate at which water is applied at the surface.
Intake rate
The average rate of water entering the soil under irrigation. Most soils have a fast
initial rate; the rate decreases with application time. Therefore, intake rate for
design purposes is not a constant but is a variable depending on the net irrigation
application. The rate of water intake, in inches per hour, is expressed as follows:
Very low: Less than 0.2
Low: 0.2 to 0.4
Moderately low: 0.4 to 0.75
Moderate: 0.75 to 1.25
Moderately high: 1.25 to 1.75
High: 1.75 to 2.5
Very high: More than 2.5
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Interfluve
A landform composed of the relatively undissected upland or ridge between two
adjacent valleys containing streams flowing in the same general direction. An
elevated area between two drainageways that sheds water to those
drainageways.
Interfluve (geomorphology)
A geomorphic component of hills consisting of the uppermost, comparatively level
or gently sloping area of a hill; shoulders of backwearing hillslopes can narrow the
upland or can merge, resulting in a strongly convex shape.
Intermittent stream
A stream, or reach of a stream, that does not flow year-round but that is commonly
dry for 3 or more months out of 12 and whose channel is generally below the local
water table. It flows only during wet periods or when it receives ground-water
discharge or long, continued contributions from melting snow or other surface and
shallow subsurface sources.
Invaders
On range, plants that encroach into an area and grow after the climax vegetation
has been reduced by grazing. Generally, plants invade following disturbance of
the surface.
Iron depletions
See Redoximorphic features.
Irrigation
Application of water to soils to assist in production of crops. Methods of irrigation
are:
Basin: Water is applied rapidly to nearly level plains surrounded by levees or dikes.
Border: Water is applied at the upper end of a strip in which the lateral flow of
water is controlled by small earth ridges called border dikes, or borders.
Controlled flooding: Water is released at intervals from closely spaced field ditches
and distributed uniformly over the field.
Corrugation: Water is applied to small, closely spaced furrows or ditches in fields
of close-growing crops or in orchards so that it flows in only one direction.
Drip (or trickle): Water is applied slowly and under low pressure to the surface of
the soil or into the soil through such applicators as emitters, porous tubing, or
perforated pipe.
Furrow: Water is applied in small ditches made by cultivation implements. Furrows
are used for tree and row crops.
Sprinkler: Water is sprayed over the soil surface through pipes or nozzles from a
pressure system.
Subirrigation: Water is applied in open ditches or tile lines until the water table is
raised enough to wet the soil.
Wild flooding: Water, released at high points, is allowed to flow onto an area
without controlled distribution.
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Kame
A low mound, knob, hummock, or short irregular ridge composed of stratified sand
and gravel deposited by a subglacial stream as a fan or delta at the margin of a
melting glacier; by a supraglacial stream in a low place or hole on the surface of
the glacier; or as a ponded deposit on the surface or at the margin of stagnant ice.
Karst (topography)
A kind of topography that formed in limestone, gypsum, or other soluble rocks by
dissolution and that is characterized by closed depressions, sinkholes, caves, and
underground drainage.
Knoll
A small, low, rounded hill rising above adjacent landforms.
Ksat
See Saturated hydraulic conductivity.
Lacustrine deposit
Material deposited in lake water and exposed when the water level is lowered or
the elevation of the land is raised.
Lake plain
A nearly level surface marking the floor of an extinct lake filled by well sorted,
generally fine textured, stratified deposits, commonly containing varves.
Lake terrace
A narrow shelf, partly cut and partly built, produced along a lakeshore in front of
a scarp line of low cliffs and later exposed when the water level falls.
Landfill (map symbol)
An area of accumulated waste products of human habitation, either above or
below natural ground level.
Landslide
A general, encompassing term for most types of mass movement landforms and
processes involving the downslope transport and outward deposition of soil and
rock materials caused by gravitational forces; the movement may or may not
involve saturated materials. The speed and distance of movement, as well as the
amount of soil and rock material, vary greatly.
Large stones
Rock fragments 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) or more across. Large stones
adversely affect the specified use of the soil.
Lava flow (map symbol)
A solidified, commonly lobate body of rock formed through lateral, surface
outpouring of molten lava from a vent or fissure.
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Leaching
The removal of soluble material from soil or other material by percolating water.
Levee (map symbol)
An embankment that confines or controls water, especially one built along the
banks of a river to prevent overflow onto lowlands.
Linear extensibility
Refers to the change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture content is
decreased from a moist to a dry state. Linear extensibility is used to determine
the shrink-swell potential of soils. It is an expression of the volume change
between the water content of the clod at 1/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa
tension) and oven dryness. Volume change is influenced by the amount and type
of clay minerals in the soil. The volume change is the percent change for the whole
soil. If it is expressed as a fraction, the resulting value is COLE, coefficient of linear
extensibility.
Liquid limit
The moisture content at which the soil passes from a plastic to a liquid state.
Loam
Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles,
and less than 52 percent sand particles.
Loess
Material transported and deposited by wind and consisting dominantly of silt-sized
particles.
Low strength
The soil is not strong enough to support loads.
Low-residue crops
Such crops as corn used for silage, peas, beans, and potatoes. Residue from
these crops is not adequate to control erosion until the next crop in the rotation is
established. These crops return little organic matter to the soil.
Marl
An earthy, unconsolidated deposit consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate mixed
with clay in approximately equal proportions; formed primarily under freshwater
lacustrine conditions but also formed in more saline environments.
Marsh or swamp (map symbol)
A water-saturated, very poorly drained area that is intermittently or permanently
covered by water. Sedges, cattails, and rushes are the dominant vegetation in
marshes, and trees or shrubs are the dominant vegetation in swamps. Not used
in map units where the named soils are poorly drained or very poorly drained.
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Mass movement
A generic term for the dislodgment and downslope transport of soil and rock
material as a unit under direct gravitational stress.
Masses
See Redoximorphic features.
Meander belt
The zone within which migration of a meandering channel occurs; the flood-plain
area included between two imaginary lines drawn tangential to the outer bends of
active channel loops.
Meander scar
A crescent-shaped, concave or linear mark on the face of a bluff or valley wall,
produced by the lateral erosion of a meandering stream that impinged upon and
undercut the bluff.
Meander scroll
One of a series of long, parallel, close-fitting, crescent-shaped ridges and troughs
formed along the inner bank of a stream meander as the channel migrated laterally
down-valley and toward the outer bank.
Mechanical treatment
Use of mechanical equipment for seeding, brush management, and other
management practices.
Medium textured soil
Very fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or silt.
Mesa
A broad, nearly flat topped and commonly isolated landmass bounded by steep
slopes or precipitous cliffs and capped by layers of resistant, nearly horizontal
rocky material. The summit width is characteristically greater than the height of
the bounding escarpments.
Metamorphic rock
Rock of any origin altered in mineralogical composition, chemical composition, or
structure by heat, pressure, and movement at depth in the earth’s crust. Nearly
all such rocks are crystalline.
Mine or quarry (map symbol)
An open excavation from which soil and underlying material have been removed
and in which bedrock is exposed. Also denotes surface openings to underground
mines.
Mine spoil
An accumulation of displaced earthy material, rock, or other waste material
removed during mining or excavation. Also called earthy fill.
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Mineral soil
Soil that is mainly mineral material and low in organic material. Its bulk density is
more than that of organic soil.
Minimum tillage
Only the tillage essential to crop production and prevention of soil damage.
Miscellaneous area
A kind of map unit that has little or no natural soil and supports little or no
vegetation.
Miscellaneous water (map symbol)
Small, constructed bodies of water that are used for industrial, sanitary, or mining
applications and that contain water most of the year.
Moderately coarse textured soil
Coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.
Moderately fine textured soil
Clay loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam.
Mollic epipedon
A thick, dark, humus-rich surface horizon (or horizons) that has high base
saturation and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the upper part of the
subsoil.
Moraine
In terms of glacial geology, a mound, ridge, or other topographically distinct
accumulation of unsorted, unstratified drift, predominantly till, deposited primarily
by the direct action of glacial ice in a variety of landforms. Also, a general term for
a landform composed mainly of till (except for kame moraines, which are
composed mainly of stratified outwash) that has been deposited by a glacier.
Some types of moraines are disintegration, end, ground, kame, lateral,
recessional, and terminal.
Morphology, soil
The physical makeup of the soil, including the texture, structure, porosity,
consistence, color, and other physical, mineral, and biological properties of the
various horizons, and the thickness and arrangement of those horizons in the soil
profile.
Mottling, soil
Irregular spots of different colors that vary in number and size. Descriptive terms
are as follows: abundance—few, common, and many; size—fine, medium, and
coarse; and contrast—faint, distinct, and prominent. The size measurements are
of the diameter along the greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5
millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15 millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6
inch); and coarse, more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch).
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Mountain
A generic term for an elevated area of the land surface, rising more than 1,000
feet (300 meters) above surrounding lowlands, commonly of restricted summit
area (relative to a plateau) and generally having steep sides. A mountain can
occur as a single, isolated mass or in a group forming a chain or range. Mountains
are formed primarily by tectonic activity and/or volcanic action but can also be
formed by differential erosion.
Muck
Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic soil material. (See Sapric soil
material.)
Mucky peat
See Hemic soil material.
Mudstone
A blocky or massive, fine grained sedimentary rock in which the proportions of
clay and silt are approximately equal. Also, a general term for such material as
clay, silt, claystone, siltstone, shale, and argillite and that should be used only
when the amounts of clay and silt are not known or cannot be precisely identified.
Munsell notation
A designation of color by degrees of three simple variables—hue, value, and
chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a color with hue of 10YR, value
of 6, and chroma of 4.
Natric horizon
A special kind of argillic horizon that contains enough exchangeable sodium to
have an adverse effect on the physical condition of the subsoil.
Neutral soil
A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3. (See Reaction, soil.)
Nodules
See Redoximorphic features.
Nose slope (geomorphology)
A geomorphic component of hills consisting of the projecting end (laterally convex
area) of a hillside. The overland waterflow is predominantly divergent. Nose
slopes consist dominantly of colluvium and slope-wash sediments (for example,
slope alluvium).
Nutrient, plant
Any element taken in by a plant essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese,
copper, boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
obtained from the air and water.
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Organic matter
Plant and animal residue in the soil in various stages of decomposition. The
content of organic matter in the surface layer is described as follows:
Very low: Less than 0.5 percent
Low: 0.5 to 1.0 percent
Moderately low: 1.0 to 2.0 percent
Moderate: 2.0 to 4.0 percent
High: 4.0 to 8.0 percent
Very high: More than 8.0 percent
Outwash
Stratified and sorted sediments (chiefly sand and gravel) removed or “washed out”
from a glacier by meltwater streams and deposited in front of or beyond the end
moraine or the margin of a glacier. The coarser material is deposited nearer to
the ice.
Outwash plain
An extensive lowland area of coarse textured glaciofluvial material. An outwash
plain is commonly smooth; where pitted, it generally is low in relief.
Paleoterrace
An erosional remnant of a terrace that retains the surface form and alluvial
deposits of its origin but was not emplaced by, and commonly does not grade to,
a present-day stream or drainage network.
Pan
A compact, dense layer in a soil that impedes the movement of water and the
growth of roots. For example, hardpan, fragipan, claypan, plowpan, and traffic
pan.
Parent material
The unconsolidated organic and mineral material in which soil forms.
Peat
Unconsolidated material, largely undecomposed organic matter, that has
accumulated under excess moisture. (See Fibric soil material.)
Ped
An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a granule, a prism, or a block.
Pedisediment
A layer of sediment, eroded from the shoulder and backslope of an erosional
slope, that lies on and is being (or was) transported across a gently sloping
erosional surface at the foot of a receding hill or mountain slope.
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Pedon
The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.” A pedon is three dimensional and
large enough to permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from about 10 to 100
square feet (1 square meter to 10 square meters), depending on the variability of
the soil.
Percolation
The movement of water through the soil.
Perennial water (map symbol)
Small, natural or constructed lakes, ponds, or pits that contain water most of the
year.
Permafrost
Ground, soil, or rock that remains at or below 0 degrees C for at least 2 years. It
is defined on the basis of temperature and is not necessarily frozen.
pH value
A numerical designation of acidity and alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)
Phase, soil
A subdivision of a soil series based on features that affect its use and
management, such as slope, stoniness, and flooding.
Piping
Formation of subsurface tunnels or pipelike cavities by water moving through the
soil.
Pitting
Pits caused by melting around ice. They form on the soil after plant cover is
removed.
Plastic limit
The moisture content at which a soil changes from semisolid to plastic.
Plasticity index
The numerical difference between the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range
of moisture content within which the soil remains plastic.
Plateau (geomorphology)
A comparatively flat area of great extent and elevation; specifically, an extensive
land region that is considerably elevated (more than 100 meters) above the
adjacent lower lying terrain, is commonly limited on at least one side by an abrupt
descent, and has a flat or nearly level surface. A comparatively large part of a
plateau surface is near summit level.
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Playa
The generally dry and nearly level lake plain that occupies the lowest parts of
closed depressions, such as those on intermontane basin floors. Temporary
flooding occurs primarily in response to precipitation and runoff. Playa deposits
are fine grained and may or may not have a high water table and saline conditions.
Plinthite
The sesquioxide-rich, humus-poor, highly weathered mixture of clay with quartz
and other diluents. It commonly appears as red mottles, usually in platy, polygonal,
or reticulate patterns. Plinthite changes irreversibly to an ironstone hardpan or to
irregular aggregates on repeated wetting and drying, especially if it is exposed
also to heat from the sun. In a moist soil, plinthite can be cut with a spade. It is a
form of laterite.
Plowpan
A compacted layer formed in the soil directly below the plowed layer.
Ponding
Standing water on soils in closed depressions. Unless the soils are artificially
drained, the water can be removed only by percolation or evapotranspiration.
Poorly graded
Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil material consisting mainly of particles of
nearly the same size. Because there is little difference in size of the particles,
density can be increased only slightly by compaction.
Pore linings
See Redoximorphic features.
Potential native plant community
See Climax plant community.
Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth)
Depth to which roots could penetrate if the content of moisture in the soil were
adequate. The soil has no properties restricting the penetration of roots to this
depth.
Prescribed burning
Deliberately burning an area for specific management purposes, under the
appropriate conditions of weather and soil moisture and at the proper time of day.
Productivity, soil
The capability of a soil for producing a specified plant or sequence of plants under
specific management.
Profile, soil
A vertical section of the soil extending through all its horizons and into the parent
material.
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Proper grazing use
Grazing at an intensity that maintains enough cover to protect the soil and maintain
or improve the quantity and quality of the desirable vegetation. This practice
increases the vigor and reproduction capacity of the key plants and promotes the
accumulation of litter and mulch necessary to conserve soil and water.
Rangeland
Land on which the potential natural vegetation is predominantly grasses, grasslike
plants, forbs, or shrubs suitable for grazing or browsing. It includes natural
grasslands, savannas, many wetlands, some deserts, tundras, and areas that
support certain forb and shrub communities.
Reaction, soil
A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a soil, expressed as pH values. A soil that
tests to pH 7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction because it is neither
acid nor alkaline. The degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH values,
are:
Ultra acid: Less than 3.5
Extremely acid: 3.5 to 4.4
Very strongly acid: 4.5 to 5.0
Strongly acid: 5.1 to 5.5
Moderately acid: 5.6 to 6.0
Slightly acid: 6.1 to 6.5
Neutral: 6.6 to 7.3
Slightly alkaline: 7.4 to 7.8
Moderately alkaline: 7.9 to 8.4
Strongly alkaline: 8.5 to 9.0
Very strongly alkaline: 9.1 and higher
Red beds
Sedimentary strata that are mainly red and are made up largely of sandstone and
shale.
Redoximorphic concentrations
See Redoximorphic features.
Redoximorphic depletions
See Redoximorphic features.
Redoximorphic features
Redoximorphic features are associated with wetness and result from alternating
periods of reduction and oxidation of iron and manganese compounds in the soil.
Reduction occurs during saturation with water, and oxidation occurs when the soil
is not saturated. Characteristic color patterns are created by these processes. The
reduced iron and manganese ions may be removed from a soil if vertical or lateral
fluxes of water occur, in which case there is no iron or manganese precipitation
in that soil. Wherever the iron and manganese are oxidized and precipitated, they
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form either soft masses or hard concretions or nodules. Movement of iron and
manganese as a result of redoximorphic processes in a soil may result in
redoximorphic features that are defined as follows:
1. Redoximorphic concentrations.—These are zones of apparent accumulation
of iron-manganese oxides, including:
A. Nodules and concretions, which are cemented bodies that can be
removed from the soil intact. Concretions are distinguished from nodules
on the basis of internal organization. A concretion typically has
concentric layers that are visible to the naked eye. Nodules do not have
visible organized internal structure; and
B. Masses, which are noncemented concentrations of substances within
the soil matrix; and
C. Pore linings, i.e., zones of accumulation along pores that may be either
coatings on pore surfaces or impregnations from the matrix adjacent to
the pores.
2. Redoximorphic depletions.—These are zones of low chroma (chromas less
than those in the matrix) where either iron-manganese oxides alone or both
iron-manganese oxides and clay have been stripped out, including:
A. Iron depletions, i.e., zones that contain low amounts of iron and
manganese oxides but have a clay content similar to that of the adjacent
matrix; and
B. Clay depletions, i.e., zones that contain low amounts of iron,
manganese, and clay (often referred to as silt coatings or skeletans).
3. Reduced matrix.—This is a soil matrix that has low chroma in situ but
undergoes a change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after the soil material
has been exposed to air.
Reduced matrix
See Redoximorphic features.
Regolith
All unconsolidated earth materials above the solid bedrock. It includes material
weathered in place from all kinds of bedrock and alluvial, glacial, eolian, lacustrine,
and pyroclastic deposits.
Relief
The relative difference in elevation between the upland summits and the lowlands
or valleys of a given region.
Residuum (residual soil material)
Unconsolidated, weathered or partly weathered mineral material that
accumulated as bedrock disintegrated in place.
Rill
A very small, steep-sided channel resulting from erosion and cut in unconsolidated
materials by concentrated but intermittent flow of water. A rill generally is not an
obstacle to wheeled vehicles and is shallow enough to be smoothed over by
ordinary tillage.
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Riser
The vertical or steep side slope (e.g., escarpment) of terraces, flood-plain steps,
or other stepped landforms; commonly a recurring part of a series of natural,
steplike landforms, such as successive stream terraces.
Road cut
A sloping surface produced by mechanical means during road construction. It is
commonly on the uphill side of the road.
Rock fragments
Rock or mineral fragments having a diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for
example, pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.
Rock outcrop (map symbol)
An exposure of bedrock at the surface of the earth. Not used where the named
soils of the surrounding map unit are shallow over bedrock or where “Rock
outcrop” is a named component of the map unit.
Root zone
The part of the soil that can be penetrated by plant roots.
Runoff
The precipitation discharged into stream channels from an area. The water that
flows off the surface of the land without sinking into the soil is called surface runoff.
Water that enters the soil before reaching surface streams is called ground-water
runoff or seepage flow from ground water.
Saline soil
A soil containing soluble salts in an amount that impairs growth of plants. A saline
soil does not contain excess exchangeable sodium.
Saline spot (map symbol)
An area where the surface layer has an electrical conductivity of 8 mmhos/cm
more than the surface layer of the named soils in the surrounding map unit. The
surface layer of the surrounding soils has an electrical conductivity of 2 mmhos/
cm or less.
Sand
As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0
millimeters in diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a soil textural class,
a soil that is 85 percent or more sand and not more than 10 percent clay.
Sandstone
Sedimentary rock containing dominantly sand-sized particles.
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Sandy spot (map symbol)
A spot where the surface layer is loamy fine sand or coarser in areas where the
surface layer of the named soils in the surrounding map unit is very fine sandy
loam or finer.
Sapric soil material (muck)
The most highly decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck has the least
amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk density, and the lowest water content at
saturation of all organic soil material.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)
The ease with which pores of a saturated soil transmit water. Formally, the
proportionality coefficient that expresses the relationship of the rate of water
movement to hydraulic gradient in Darcy’s Law, a law that describes the rate of
water movement through porous media. Commonly abbreviated as “Ksat.” Terms
describing saturated hydraulic conductivity are:
Very high: 100 or more micrometers per second (14.17 or more inches per hour)
High: 10 to 100 micrometers per second (1.417 to 14.17 inches per hour)
Moderately high: 1 to 10 micrometers per second (0.1417 inch to 1.417 inches
per hour)
Moderately low: 0.1 to 1 micrometer per second (0.01417 to 0.1417 inch per hour)
Low: 0.01 to 0.1 micrometer per second (0.001417 to 0.01417 inch per hour)
Very low: Less than 0.01 micrometer per second (less than 0.001417 inch per
hour).
To convert inches per hour to micrometers per second, multiply inches per hour
by 7.0572. To convert micrometers per second to inches per hour, multiply
micrometers per second by 0.1417.
Saturation
Wetness characterized by zero or positive pressure of the soil water. Under
conditions of saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix into an unlined
auger hole.
Scarification
The act of abrading, scratching, loosening, crushing, or modifying the surface to
increase water absorption or to provide a more tillable soil.
Sedimentary rock
A consolidated deposit of clastic particles, chemical precipitates, or organic
remains accumulated at or near the surface of the earth under normal low
temperature and pressure conditions. Sedimentary rocks include consolidated
equivalents of alluvium, colluvium, drift, and eolian, lacustrine, and marine
deposits. Examples are sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, claystone, shale,
conglomerate, limestone, dolomite, and coal.
Sequum
A sequence consisting of an illuvial horizon and the overlying eluvial horizon. (See
Eluviation.)
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Series, soil
A group of soils that have profiles that are almost alike, except for differences in
texture of the surface layer. All the soils of a series have horizons that are similar
in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Severely eroded spot (map symbol)
An area where, on the average, 75 percent or more of the original surface layer
has been lost because of accelerated erosion. Not used in map units in which
“severely eroded,” “very severely eroded,” or “gullied” is part of the map unit name.
Shale
Sedimentary rock that formed by the hardening of a deposit of clay, silty clay, or
silty clay loam and that has a tendency to split into thin layers.
Sheet erosion
The removal of a fairly uniform layer of soil material from the land surface by the
action of rainfall and surface runoff.
Short, steep slope (map symbol)
A narrow area of soil having slopes that are at least two slope classes steeper
than the slope class of the surrounding map unit.
Shoulder
The convex, erosional surface near the top of a hillslope. A shoulder is a transition
from summit to backslope.
Shrink-swell
The shrinking of soil when dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and swelling
can damage roads, dams, building foundations, and other structures. It can also
damage plant roots.
Shrub-coppice dune
A small, streamlined dune that forms around brush and clump vegetation.
Side slope (geomorphology)
A geomorphic component of hills consisting of a laterally planar area of a hillside.
The overland waterflow is predominantly parallel. Side slopes are dominantly
colluvium and slope-wash sediments.
Silica
A combination of silicon and oxygen. The mineral form is called quartz.
Silica-sesquioxide ratio
The ratio of the number of molecules of silica to the number of molecules of
alumina and iron oxide. The more highly weathered soils or their clay fractions in
warm-temperate, humid regions, and especially those in the tropics, generally
have a low ratio.
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Silt
As a soil separate, individual mineral particles that range in diameter from the
upper limit of clay (0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine sand (0.05
millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil that is 80 percent or more silt and less
than 12 percent clay.
Siltstone
An indurated silt having the texture and composition of shale but lacking its fine
lamination or fissility; a massive mudstone in which silt predominates over clay.
Similar soils
Soils that share limits of diagnostic criteria, behave and perform in a similar
manner, and have similar conservation needs or management requirements for
the major land uses in the survey area.
Sinkhole (map symbol)
A closed, circular or elliptical depression, commonly funnel shaped, characterized
by subsurface drainage and formed either by dissolution of the surface of
underlying bedrock (e.g., limestone, gypsum, or salt) or by collapse of underlying
caves within bedrock. Complexes of sinkholes in carbonate-rock terrain are the
main components of karst topography.
Site index
A designation of the quality of a forest site based on the height of the dominant
stand at an arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average height attained by
dominant and codominant trees in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is
75 feet, the site index is 75.
Slickensides (pedogenic)
Grooved, striated, and/or glossy (shiny) slip faces on structural peds, such as
wedges; produced by shrink-swell processes, most commonly in soils that have
a high content of expansive clays.
Slide or slip (map symbol)
A prominent landform scar or ridge caused by fairly recent mass movement or
descent of earthy material resulting from failure of earth or rock under shear stress
along one or several surfaces.
Slope
The inclination of the land surface from the horizontal. Percentage of slope is the
vertical distance divided by horizontal distance, then multiplied by 100. Thus, a
slope of 20 percent is a drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance.
Slope alluvium
Sediment gradually transported down the slopes of mountains or hills primarily by
nonchannel alluvial processes (i.e., slope-wash processes) and characterized by
particle sorting. Lateral particle sorting is evident on long slopes. In a profile
sequence, sediments may be distinguished by differences in size and/or specific
gravity of rock fragments and may be separated by stone lines. Burnished peds
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and sorting of rounded or subrounded pebbles or cobbles distinguish these
materials from unsorted colluvial deposits.
Slow refill
The slow filling of ponds, resulting from restricted water transmission in the soil.
Slow water movement
Restricted downward movement of water through the soil. See Saturated
hydraulic conductivity.
Sodic (alkali) soil
A soil having so high a degree of alkalinity (pH 8.5 or higher) or so high a
percentage of exchangeable sodium (15 percent or more of the total
exchangeable bases), or both, that plant growth is restricted.
Sodic spot (map symbol)
An area where the surface layer has a sodium adsorption ratio that is at least 10
more than that of the surface layer of the named soils in the surrounding map unit.
The surface layer of the surrounding soils has a sodium adsorption ratio of 5 or
less.
Sodicity
The degree to which a soil is affected by exchangeable sodium. Sodicity is
expressed as a sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of a saturation extract, or the ratio
of Na+ to Ca++ + Mg++. The degrees of sodicity and their respective ratios are:
Slight: Less than 13:1
Moderate: 13-30:1
Strong: More than 30:1
Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR)
A measure of the amount of sodium (Na) relative to calcium (Ca) and magnesium
(Mg) in the water extract from saturated soil paste. It is the ratio of the Na
concentration divided by the square root of one-half of the Ca + Mg concentration.
Soft bedrock
Bedrock that can be excavated with trenching machines, backhoes, small rippers,
and other equipment commonly used in construction.
Soil
A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s surface. It is capable of supporting
plants and has properties resulting from the integrated effect of climate and living
matter acting on earthy parent material, as conditioned by relief and by the
passage of time.
Soil separates
Mineral particles less than 2 millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging
between specified size limits. The names and sizes, in millimeters, of separates
recognized in the United States are as follows:
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Very coarse sand: 2.0 to 1.0
Coarse sand: 1.0 to 0.5
Medium sand: 0.5 to 0.25
Fine sand: 0.25 to 0.10
Very fine sand: 0.10 to 0.05
Silt: 0.05 to 0.002
Clay: Less than 0.002
Solum
The upper part of a soil profile, above the C horizon, in which the processes of
soil formation are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E, and B horizons.
Generally, the characteristics of the material in these horizons are unlike those of
the material below the solum. The living roots and plant and animal activities are
largely confined to the solum.
Spoil area (map symbol)
A pile of earthy materials, either smoothed or uneven, resulting from human
activity.
Stone line
In a vertical cross section, a line formed by scattered fragments or a discrete layer
of angular and subangular rock fragments (commonly a gravel- or cobble-sized
lag concentration) that formerly was draped across a topographic surface and was
later buried by additional sediments. A stone line generally caps material that was
subject to weathering, soil formation, and erosion before burial. Many stone lines
seem to be buried erosion pavements, originally formed by sheet and rill erosion
across the land surface.
Stones
Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60 centimeters) in diameter if rounded or
15 to 24 inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat.
Stony
Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers that interfere with or prevent tillage.
Stony spot (map symbol)
A spot where 0.01 to 0.1 percent of the soil surface is covered by rock fragments
that are more than 10 inches in diameter in areas where the surrounding soil has
no surface stones.
Strath terrace
A type of stream terrace; formed as an erosional surface cut on bedrock and thinly
mantled with stream deposits (alluvium).
Stream terrace
One of a series of platforms in a stream valley, flanking and more or less parallel
to the stream channel, originally formed near the level of the stream; represents
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the remnants of an abandoned flood plain, stream bed, or valley floor produced
during a former state of fluvial erosion or deposition.
Stripcropping
Growing crops in a systematic arrangement of strips or bands that provide
vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water erosion.
Structure, soil
The arrangement of primary soil particles into compound particles or aggregates.
The principal forms of soil structure are:
Platy: Flat and laminated
Prismatic: Vertically elongated and having flat tops
Columnar: Vertically elongated and having rounded tops
Angular blocky: Having faces that intersect at sharp angles (planes)
Subangular blocky: Having subrounded and planar faces (no sharp angles)
Granular: Small structural units with curved or very irregular faces
Structureless soil horizons are defined as follows:
Single grained: Entirely noncoherent (each grain by itself), as in loose sand
Massive: Occurring as a coherent mass
Stubble mulch
Stubble or other crop residue left on the soil or partly worked into the soil. It
protects the soil from wind erosion and water erosion after harvest, during
preparation of a seedbed for the next crop, and during the early growing period
of the new crop.
Subsoil
Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of the solum below plow depth.
Subsoiling
Tilling a soil below normal plow depth, ordinarily to shatter a hardpan or claypan.
Substratum
The part of the soil below the solum.
Subsurface layer
Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB, or EB) below the surface layer.
Summer fallow
The tillage of uncropped land during the summer to control weeds and allow
storage of moisture in the soil for the growth of a later crop. A practice common
in semiarid regions, where annual precipitation is not enough to produce a crop
every year. Summer fallow is frequently practiced before planting winter grain.
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Summit
The topographically highest position of a hillslope. It has a nearly level (planar or
only slightly convex) surface.
Surface layer
The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging
in depth from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters). Frequently designated as the
“plow layer,” or the “Ap horizon.”
Surface soil
The A, E, AB, and EB horizons, considered collectively. It includes all subdivisions
of these horizons.
Talus
Rock fragments of any size or shape (commonly coarse and angular) derived from
and lying at the base of a cliff or very steep rock slope. The accumulated mass of
such loose broken rock formed chiefly by falling, rolling, or sliding.
Taxadjuncts
Soils that cannot be classified in a series recognized in the classification system.
Such soils are named for a series they strongly resemble and are designated as
taxadjuncts to that series because they differ in ways too small to be of
consequence in interpreting their use and behavior. Soils are recognized as
taxadjuncts only when one or more of their characteristics are slightly outside the
range defined for the family of the series for which the soils are named.
Terminal moraine
An end moraine that marks the farthest advance of a glacier. It typically has the
form of a massive arcuate or concentric ridge, or complex of ridges, and is
underlain by till and other types of drift.
Terrace (conservation)
An embankment, or ridge, constructed across sloping soils on the contour or at a
slight angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts surface runoff so that water
soaks into the soil or flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a field generally
is built so that the field can be farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage has
a deep channel that is maintained in permanent sod.
Terrace (geomorphology)
A steplike surface, bordering a valley floor or shoreline, that represents the former
position of a flood plain, lake, or seashore. The term is usually applied both to the
relatively flat summit surface (tread) that was cut or built by stream or wave action
and to the steeper descending slope (scarp or riser) that has graded to a lower
base level of erosion.
Terracettes
Small, irregular steplike forms on steep hillslopes, especially in pasture, formed
by creep or erosion of surficial materials that may be induced or enhanced by
trampling of livestock, such as sheep or cattle.
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Texture, soil
The relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic
textural classes, in order of increasing proportion of fine particles, are sand, loamy
sand, sandy loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay loam, silty clay loam,
sandy clay, silty clay, and clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam classes
may be further divided by specifying “coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”
Thin layer
Otherwise suitable soil material that is too thin for the specified use.
Till
Dominantly unsorted and nonstratified drift, generally unconsolidated and
deposited directly by a glacier without subsequent reworking by meltwater, and
consisting of a heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, stones, and
boulders; rock fragments of various lithologies are embedded within a finer matrix
that can range from clay to sandy loam.
Till plain
An extensive area of level to gently undulating soils underlain predominantly by
till and bounded at the distal end by subordinate recessional or end moraines.
Tilth, soil
The physical condition of the soil as related to tillage, seedbed preparation,
seedling emergence, and root penetration.
Toeslope
The gently inclined surface at the base of a hillslope. Toeslopes in profile are
commonly gentle and linear and are constructional surfaces forming the lower part
of a hillslope continuum that grades to valley or closed-depression floors.
Topsoil
The upper part of the soil, which is the most favorable material for plant growth.
It is ordinarily rich in organic matter and is used to topdress roadbanks, lawns,
and land affected by mining.
Trace elements
Chemical elements, for example, zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in
soils in extremely small amounts. They are essential to plant growth.
Tread
The flat to gently sloping, topmost, laterally extensive slope of terraces, flood-plain
steps, or other stepped landforms; commonly a recurring part of a series of natural
steplike landforms, such as successive stream terraces.
Tuff
A generic term for any consolidated or cemented deposit that is 50 percent or
more volcanic ash.
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Upland
An informal, general term for the higher ground of a region, in contrast with a low-
lying adjacent area, such as a valley or plain, or for land at a higher elevation than
the flood plain or low stream terrace; land above the footslope zone of the hillslope
continuum.
Valley fill
The unconsolidated sediment deposited by any agent (water, wind, ice, or mass
wasting) so as to fill or partly fill a valley.
Variegation
Refers to patterns of contrasting colors assumed to be inherited from the parent
material rather than to be the result of poor drainage.
Varve
A sedimentary layer or a lamina or sequence of laminae deposited in a body of
still water within a year. Specifically, a thin pair of graded glaciolacustrine layers
seasonally deposited, usually by meltwater streams, in a glacial lake or other body
of still water in front of a glacier.
Very stony spot (map symbol)
A spot where 0.1 to 3.0 percent of the soil surface is covered by rock fragments
that are more than 10 inches in diameter in areas where the surface of the
surrounding soil is covered by less than 0.01 percent stones.
Water bars
Smooth, shallow ditches or depressional areas that are excavated at an angle
across a sloping road. They are used to reduce the downward velocity of water
and divert it off and away from the road surface. Water bars can easily be driven
over if constructed properly.
Weathering
All physical disintegration, chemical decomposition, and biologically induced
changes in rocks or other deposits at or near the earth’s surface by atmospheric
or biologic agents or by circulating surface waters but involving essentially no
transport of the altered material.
Well graded
Refers to soil material consisting of coarse grained particles that are well
distributed over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil normally can be easily
increased in density and bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with poorly
graded soil.
Wet spot (map symbol)
A somewhat poorly drained to very poorly drained area that is at least two drainage
classes wetter than the named soils in the surrounding map unit.
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Wilting point (or permanent wilting point)
The moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at which a plant (specifically a
sunflower) wilts so much that it does not recover when placed in a humid, dark
chamber.
Windthrow
The uprooting and tipping over of trees by the wind.
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Appendix E – Biological Resources
(Insert all materials behind this cover page)

Element Status Designations by County, Taxon, Scientific Name
Arizona Game and Fish Department, Heritage Data management System
Updated: July 01, 2014
COUNTY TAXON SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ESA BLM CRIT HAB USFS NESL MEXFED STATE SGCN ELCODE S RANK G RANK
Maricopa AMPHIBIAN Anaxyrus microscaphus Arizona Toad SC 1B AAABB01110 S3S4 G4
Maricopa AMPHIBIAN Anaxyrus retiformis Sonoran Green Toad S PR 1B AAABB01140 S3 G4
Maricopa AMPHIBIAN Gastrophryne olivacea Western Narrow-mouthed Toad S PR WSC 1C AAABE01020 S3 G5
Maricopa AMPHIBIAN Lithobates chiricahuensis Chiricahua Leopard Frog LT Y A WSC 1A AAABH01080 S2 G2G3
Maricopa AMPHIBIAN Lithobates yavapaiensis Lowland Leopard Frog SC S S PR WSC 1A AAABH01250 S3 G4
Maricopa AMPHIBIAN Smilisca fodiens Lowland Burrowing Treefrog S WSC 1B AAABC06010 S2 G4
Maricopa BIRD Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle S 3 A 1B ABNKC22010 S4 G5
Maricopa BIRD Ardea alba Great Egret WSC 1C ABNGA04040 S1B,S4N G5
Maricopa BIRD Ardea herodias Great Blue Heron | ABNGA04010 S5 G5
Maricopa BIRD Asio otus Long-eared Owl 1C ABNSB13010 S2B,S3S4N G5
Maricopa BIRD Athene cunicularia hypugaea Western Burrowing Owl SC S S 4 PR 1B ABNSB10012 S3 G4T4
Maricopa BIRD Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret ABNGA07010 S1B,S4N G5
Maricopa BIRD Buteo albonotatus Zone-tailed Hawk PR ABNKC19090 S4 G4
Maricopa BIRD Buteo swainsoni Swainson's Hawk PR 1C ABNKC19070 S3 G5
Maricopa BIRD Buteogallus anthracinus Common Black-Hawk PR WSC 1C ABNKC15010 S3 G4G5
Maricopa BIRD Cathartes aura Turkey Vulture ABNKA02010 S5 G5
Maricopa BIRD Catharus ustulatus Swainson's Thrush 1B ABPBJ18100 S1 G5
Maricopa BIRD Charadrius nivosus nivosus Western Snowy Plover No Status A WSC 1B ABNNB03031 S1 G3T3
Maricopa BIRD Coccyzus americanus Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Western U.S. DPS) PT S 2 WSC 1A ABNRB02020 S3 G5
Maricopa BIRD Dendrocygna autumnalis Black-bellied Whistling-Duck WSC 1C ABNJB01040 S3 G5
Maricopa BIRD Egretta thula Snowy Egret WSC 1C ABNGA06030 S1B,S4N G5
Maricopa BIRD Empidonax traillii extimus Southwestern Willow Flycatcher LE Y 2 E WSC 1A ABPAE33043 S1 G5T2
Maricopa BIRD Falco peregrinus anatum American Peregrine Falcon SC S S 4 PR WSC 1A ABNKD06071 S4 G4T4
Maricopa BIRD Glaucidium brasilianum cactorum Cactus Ferruginous Pygmy-owl SC S S WSC 1B ABNSB08041 S1 G5T3
Maricopa BIRD Haliaeetus leucocephalus (wintering pop.) Bald Eagle - Winter Population SC S S 2 P WSC 1A ABNKC10015 S4N G5TNR
Maricopa BIRD Haliaeetus leucocephalus pop. 3 Bald Eagle - Sonoran Desert Population SC S S 2 P WSC 1A ABNKC10014 S2S3 G5TNR
Maricopa BIRD Himantopus mexicanus Black-necked Stilt ABNND01010 S2 G5
Maricopa BIRD Icterus bullockii Bullock's Oriole 1C ABPBXB9220 S4BS1N G5
Maricopa BIRD Ictinia mississippiensis Mississippi Kite PR WSC 1B ABNKC09010 S3 G5
Maricopa BIRD Ixobrychus exilis Least Bittern PR WSC 1C ABNGA02010 S3 G5
Maricopa BIRD Larus fuscus Lesser Black-backed Gull ABNNM03150 SA G5
Maricopa BIRD Megaceryle alcyon Belted Kingfisher 4 WSC ABNXD01020 S2B,S5N G5
Maricopa BIRD Mniotilta varia Black-and-white Warbler ABPBX05010 S1B,S1N G5
Maricopa BIRD Pandion haliaetus Osprey WSC ABNKC01010 S2B,S4N G5
Maricopa BIRD Parabuteo unicinctus Harris's Hawk PR 1C ABNKC16010 S5 G5
Maricopa BIRD Rallus longirostris yumanensis Yuma Clapper Rail LE A WSC 1A ABNME0501A S3 G5T3
Maricopa BIRD Strix occidentalis lucida Mexican Spotted Owl LT Y 3 A WSC 1A ABNSB12012 S3S4 G3T3
Maricopa BIRD Toxostoma lecontei Le Conte's Thrasher 1B ABPBK06100 S3 G4
Maricopa BIRD Tyrannus forficatus Scissor-tailed Flycatcher ABPAE52100 SAB G5
Maricopa FISH Agosia chrysogaster chrysogaster Gila Longfin Dace SC S A 1B AFCJB37151 S3S4 G4T3T4
Maricopa FISH Catostomus clarkii Desert Sucker SC S S 1B AFCJC02040 S3S4 G3G4
Maricopa FISH Catostomus insignis Sonora Sucker SC S S P 1B AFCJC02100 S3 G3G4
Maricopa FISH Cyprinodon macularius Desert Pupfish LE Y P WSC 1A AFCNB02060 S1 G1
Maricopa FISH Gila elegans Bonytail LE Y 1 E WSC 1A AFCJB13100 S1 G1
Maricopa FISH Gila robusta Roundtail Chub C* S 2 A WSC 1A AFCJB13150 S2 G3
Maricopa FISH Poeciliopsis occidentalis occidentalis Gila Topminnow LE A WSC 1A AFCNC05021 S1S2 G3
Maricopa FISH Ptychocheilus lucius Colorado Pikeminnow LE,XN 2 E WSC 1A AFCJB35020 S1 G1
Maricopa FISH Rhinichthys osculus Speckled Dace SC S E 1B AFCJB37050 S3S4 G5
Maricopa FISH Xyrauchen texanus Razorback Sucker LE Y 2 P WSC 1A AFCJC11010 S1 G1
Maricopa INVERTEBRATE Cicindela oregona maricopa Maricopa Tiger Beetle SC IICOL02362 S3 G5T3

Maricopa INVERTEBRATE Limenitis archippus obsoleta Obsolete Viceroy Butterfly IILEPL3024 S4 G5T3T4
Maricopa INVERTEBRATE Maricopella allynsmithi Squaw Park Talussnail SC 1B IMGASC9010 S1 G1
Maricopa MAMMAL Antilocapra americana sonoriensis Sonoran Pronghorn LE P WSC 1A AMALD01012 S1 G5T1
Maricopa MAMMAL Antrozous pallidus Pallid Bat AMACC10010 S4 G5
Maricopa MAMMAL Bat Colony OBATCOLONY SU GNR
Maricopa MAMMAL Bat Foraging Area High Netting Concentration OBATFORAG1 SU GNR
Maricopa MAMMAL Chaetodipus spinatus Spiny Pocket Mouse | AMAFD05090 SR G5
Maricopa MAMMAL Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens Pale Townsend's Big-eared Bat SC S S 4 1B AMACC08014 S3S4 G3G4T3T4
Maricopa MAMMAL Eumops perotis californicus Greater Western Bonneted Bat SC S 1B AMACD02011 S3 G5T4
Maricopa MAMMAL Lasiurus blossevillii Western Red Bat S WSC 1B AMACC05060 S3 G5
Maricopa MAMMAL Lasiurus cinereus Hoary Bat No Status AMACC05030 S4 G5
Maricopa MAMMAL Lasiurus xanthinus Western Yellow Bat S WSC 1B AMACC05070 S2S3 G5
Maricopa MAMMAL Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae Lesser Long-nosed Bat LE A WSC 1A AMACB03030 S2S3 G4
Maricopa MAMMAL Lepus alleni Antelope Jackrabbit | 1B AMAEB03070 S3 G5
Maricopa MAMMAL Macrotus californicus California Leaf-nosed Bat SC S WSC 1B AMACB01010 S3 G4
Maricopa MAMMAL Myotis auriculus Southwestern Myotis 1C AMACC01080 S3 G5
Maricopa MAMMAL Myotis californicus California Myotis AMACC01120 S4 G5
Maricopa MAMMAL Myotis velifer Cave Myotis SC S 1B AMACC01050 S3S4 G5
Maricopa MAMMAL Myotis yumanensis Yuma Myotis SC 1B AMACC01020 S3S4 G5
Maricopa MAMMAL Nyctinomops femorosaccus Pocketed Free-tailed Bat 1B AMACD04010 S3 G4
Maricopa MAMMAL Parastrellus hesperus Canyon Bat AMACC03010 S5 G5
Maricopa MAMMAL Tadarida brasiliensis Brazilian Free-tailed Bat 1B AMACD01010 S3S4 G5
Maricopa PLANT Abutilon parishii Pima Indian Mallow SC S S SR PDMAL020E0 S3 G2
Maricopa PLANT Acacia farnesiana Sweet Acacia PDFAB020D0 S1S2 G5
Maricopa PLANT Agave delamateri Tonto Basin Agave SC S HS PMAGA010W0 S2 G2
Maricopa PLANT Agave murpheyi Hohokam Agave SC S S HS PMAGA010F0 S2? G2
Maricopa PLANT Agave toumeyana var. bella Toumey Agave SR PMAGA010R1 S3 G3T3
Maricopa PLANT Agave x arizonica Arizona agave No status HS PMAGA01030 SHYB G1Q
Maricopa PLANT Allium bigelovii Bigelow Onion SR PMLIL02070 S2S3 G3
Maricopa PLANT Berberis harrisoniana Kofa Mt Barberry S PDBER02030 S1 G1G2
Maricopa PLANT Camissonia micrantha Miniature Suncup PDONA03100 S3 G3?
Maricopa PLANT Camissonia pusilla Washoe Suncup PDONA031C0 S1 G3G4
Maricopa PLANT Colubrina californica California Snakewood PDRHA05030 S2S3 G4
Maricopa PLANT Echinocereus yavapaiensis Yavapai Hedgehog Cactus PDCAC060T0 S2S3 GNR
Maricopa PLANT Echinomastus erectocentrus var. acunensis Acuna Cactus LE P P HS PDCAC0J0E1 S1 G3T1T2Q
Maricopa PLANT Ericameria brachylepis Rayless Turpentine Bush PDAST3L030 S4 G4
Maricopa PLANT Erigeron lobatus Lobed Fleabane PDAST3M2C0 S4 G4
Maricopa PLANT Erigeron piscaticus Fish Creek Fleabane SC S S SR PDAST3M4X0 S1 G1
Maricopa PLANT Eriogonum ripleyi Ripley Wild-buckwheat SC S SR PDPGN08520 S2 G2
Maricopa PLANT Euphorbia trachysperma Roughseed Spurge PDEUP0D2E0 S4 G4
Maricopa PLANT Ferocactus cylindraceus Desert Barrel Cactus PR SR PDCAC08080 S4 G5
Maricopa PLANT Ferocactus emoryi Emory's Barrel-cactus SR PDCAC08090 S1S2 G4
Maricopa PLANT Fremontodendron californicum Flannel Bush S SR PDSTE03010 S2S3 G4
Maricopa PLANT Heuchera eastwoodiae Eastwood Alum Root S PDSAX0E0B0 S3 G3
Maricopa PLANT Hymenoxys ambigens var. ambigens Pinaleno Mountain Rubberweed PDAST530T1 S1? G3?T1?
Maricopa PLANT Justicia candicans Hierba Azul PDACA0E0L0 S2 G4
Maricopa PLANT Lotus alamosanus Alamos Deer Vetch S PDFAB2A020 S1 G3G4
Maricopa PLANT Lotus mearnsii var. equisolensis Horseshoe Deer Vetch S PDFAB2A0Q1 S1 G3T1
Maricopa PLANT Ludwigia palustris Marsh Purslane PDONA0B0H0 S1 G5
Maricopa PLANT Lupinus huachucanus Huachuca Mountain Lupine S PDFAB2B210 S2 G2
Maricopa PLANT Lupinus lemmonii Lemmon's Lupine S PDFAB2B2A0 S1Q G1Q
Maricopa PLANT Mabrya acerifolia Mapleleaf False Snapdragon S PDSCR2L010 S2 G2
Maricopa PLANT Machaeranthera arida Arid Tansy-aster PDAST64040 S1 G3G4
Maricopa PLANT Mammillaria viridiflora Varied Fishhook Cactus SR PDCAC0A0D0 S4 G4
Maricopa PLANT Mentzelia longiloba var. longiloba Panamint Blazingstar PDLOA030W1 S2 G5TNR

Maricopa PLANT Opuntia echinocarpa Straw-top Cholla SR PDCAC0D2W0 S5 G5
Maricopa PLANT Opuntia engelmannii var. flavispina SR PDCAC0D224 S3? G5T3?
Maricopa PLANT Perityle saxicola Fish Creek Rock Daisy SC S PDAST700P0 S1 G1?
Maricopa PLANT Plagiobothrys pringlei Pringle Popcorn-flower PDBOR0V0V0 S2 G3G4
Maricopa PLANT Purshia subintegra Arizona Cliff Rose LE HS PDROS1E080 S2 GNA
Maricopa PLANT Salvia davidsonii Davidson Sage PDLAM1S0E0 S2? G2?
Maricopa PLANT Selaginella eremophila Desert Spike Moss PPSEL010G0 S3S4 G4
Maricopa PLANT Senecio arizonicus Arizona Groundsel PDAST8H070 S4 G4
Maricopa PLANT Solanum heterodoxum Melonleaf Nightshade PDSOL0Z0X0 S4 G4G5
Maricopa PLANT Stenocereus thurberi Organ Pipe Cactus SR PDCAC10020 S4 G5
Maricopa PLANT Tetracoccus fasciculatus var. hallii Hall Shrub Spurge PDEUP1C021 S3S4 G4T4
Maricopa PLANT Tumamoca macdougalii Tumamoc Globeberry S S SR PDCUC0S010 S3 G4
Maricopa PLANT Vauquelinia californica ssp. sonorensis Arizona Sonoran Rosewood S PDROS1R024 S1S2 G4T1
Maricopa REPTILE Aspidoscelis xanthonota Redback Whiptail SC S 1B ARACJ02012 S2 G2
Maricopa REPTILE Chionactis occipitalis Western Shovel-nosed Snake 1C ARADB05010 S3S4 G5
Maricopa REPTILE Chionactis occipitalis klauberi Tucson Shovel-nosed Snake C* P 1A ARADB05012 S1 G5T3Q
Maricopa REPTILE Crotaphytus bicinctores Great Basin Collared Lizard ARACF04010 S4 G5
Maricopa REPTILE Crotaphytus nebrius Sonoran Collared Lizard 1B ARACF04050 S3S4 G4
Maricopa REPTILE Gopherus morafkai Sonoran Desert Tortoise C* S A WSC 1A ARAAF01013 S4 G4
Maricopa REPTILE Heloderma suspectum Gila Monster A 1A ARACE01010 S4 G4
Maricopa REPTILE Heloderma suspectum cinctum Banded Gila Monster SC A 1A ARACE01011 S4 G4T4
Maricopa REPTILE Heloderma suspectum suspectum Reticulate Gila Monster A 1A ARACE01012 S4 G4T4
Maricopa REPTILE Kinosternon arizonense Arizona Mud Turtle 1B ARAAE01060 S2 G4
Maricopa REPTILE Lichanura trivirgata Rosy Boa SC A 1B ARADA01020 S1S2 G4G5
Maricopa REPTILE Phrynosoma hernandesi Greater Short-horned Lizard ARACF12080 S4 G5
Maricopa REPTILE Phyllorhynchus browni Saddled Leaf-nosed Snake PR 1B ARADB25010 S5 G5
Maricopa REPTILE Plestiodon "gilberti" rubricaudatus Western Red-tailed Skink PR 1C ARACH01065 S3S4 G5T4Q
Maricopa REPTILE Sauromalus ater Common Chuckwalla SC 4 Pr ARACF13010 S4 G5
Maricopa REPTILE Tantilla hobartsmithi Smith's Black-headed Snake ARADB35140 S5 G5
Maricopa REPTILE Thamnophis eques megalops Northern Mexican Gartersnake PT P S A WSC 1A ARADB36061 S1 G4T3
Maricopa REPTILE Xantusia bezyi Bezy's Night Lizard S 1B ARACK01060 S2 G2
potential to be
within or near park boundaries

Appendix F – Cultural Resources
(Insert all materials behind this cover page)

Archeological Sites
Sources:
• Maricopa County Regional Park System Plan, Volume 2, Pages 25-28, 1965
• Estrella Mountain Regional Park Long-Range Master Plan, 1988
• An Appraisal of the Archaeological Resources of Five Regional Parks in Maricopa County,
Arizona, 1963
Site: Arizona T:11:3
Description: Arizona T:11:3 is a large village site situates in a stabilized sand dune area in
the south side of the Gila River at the northern base of the Sierra Estrella.
The important site covers roughly 25 acres, the cultural material extending
to a depth of at least 75 cm.
Location: T1N, R1W, Section 33, N ½, SW ¼
Cultural Affiliation: Patayan
Pottery: Red-on-brown, Lower Colorado Buffware
Dates: The red-on-brown pottery from this site is similar to Papago red-on-brown
which was made between 1700 and 1930, indicating the possibility of a date
for this site during this time. The Patayan are currently assumed to have
been the ancestors, in part, of the present day Maricopa Indians. Historical
documents indicate that the section of the Gila River where Arizona T:11:3 is
located was controlled by the Maricopa prior to 1800. It is possible,
therefore, that Arizona T:11:3 is a Maricopa site occupied before 1800,
possibly as early as 1700.
Site: Arizona T:11:4
Description: This is a rockshelter in a steep-sided wash which drains into the Gila River
from the north slope of the Sierra Estrella. The shelter is small, only about
1.0m deep and 2.0m wide at the mouth. It probably represents a temporary
campsite as only a few sherds were found scattered about. There is no
evidence of long continued occupation.
Location: T1N, R1W, Section 32, SE ¼ and SW ¼
Cultural Affiliation: Hohokam
Pottery: Classic Redware
Dates: A.D. 1100-1450
Site: Arizona T:11:5
Description: Arizona T:11:5 is situated on the southwest side of Estrella Park near an
arroyo which is a tributary to Corgett Wash, the major drainage in this
section of the Park. Sherds are scattered over about 10 acres. An outcrop of
quartz rock including some chert, which may have served as a source of tool
material, is within the sherd area; perhaps this feature attracted the Indians.
Location: T1N, R1E, Section 28, E ½ and NE ¼
Cultural Affiliation: Hohokam
Pottery: Sacaton Red-on-buff, Classic Redware, Gila Plain
Dates: A.D. 1000-1450

Site: Arizona T:11:6
Description: This is a rock shelter situated on a steeply sloping hillside near the north end
of the Sierra Estrella. The shelter is small, only about 2m deep and 2m wide
at the mouth. There is no evidence of any long continued occupation,
although traces of burning on the roof of the shelter indicate its probable
use as a temporary camping spot.
Location: T1S R1W, Section 16, NW ¼, NE ¼
Cultural Affiliation: Unknown
Pottery: Pottery has been removed from the shelter, but none was found during the
course of this survey.
Dates: Unknown
Site: Arizona T:11:7
Description: This sherd area, probably representing a temporary camp, is situated on the
southwest side of the Sierra Estrella on an arroyo tributary to Corgett Wash.
Sherds are scattered over an area of some 10 acres but there is no evidence
of any depth to the cultural deposit.
Location: T1S, R1W, Section 20, SE ¼, NE ¼
Cultural Affiliation: Hohokam
Pottery: Gila Plain
Dates: Unknown
Site: Arizona T:11:8
Description: This is situated in a pass through the northwest end of Estrella. The site is a
small village, covering about an acre. One ling line of boulders which extends
for a distance of about 30m may be an architectural feature. Cultural
material is present to a depth of about 25cm but has been disturbed by
recent relic collectors.
Location: T1S, R1W, Section 16, SE 1/4 , SW ¼
Cultural Affiliation: Hohokam
Pottery: Gila Butte Red-on-Buff, Sacaton Cruz Red-on-buff, Gila Plain
Dates: A.D. 500-900
Site: Arizona T:11:9
Description: This site is situated at the top of a small hill near the northwest end of
Estrella. It is marked by a single room, of dry-laid masonry, about 1.5m in
diameter, which may represent a lookout. The site commands a wide view of
the surrounding countryside. There is an indication of temporary occupation
in the form of scattered sherds.
Location: T1S, R1W, Section 6, NW 1/4 , SW ¼
Cultural Affiliation: Hohokam
Pottery: Sacaton Red-on-buff, Gila Plain
Dates: A.D. 900-1100
Site: Arizona T:11:10
Description: This site is situated on an area of gently sloping ground between two washes

which drain north into the Gila River. It is a small sherd area with cultural
materials scattered over approximately one acre.
Location: T1S, R1W, Section 8, NW ¼, NW ¼
Cultural Affiliation: Hohokam
Pottery: Sacaton Red-on-buff, Classic Redware, Gila Plain
Dates: A.D. 900-1450
Site: Arizona T:11:11
Description: A site on the north side of Estrella, it is marked by the presence of sherds
scattered over approximately one-half acre and several bedrock mortars in
an adjoining outcrop of rock.
Location: T1N, R1W, Section 32, NE ¼, SE ¼
Cultural Affiliation: Hohokam
Pottery: Plainware
Dates: Unknown
Site: Arizona T:11:13
Description: This site is situated on a steeply sloping, rocky hillside at the north end of the
Park. Sherds are thinly scattered over one-half acre. Several geometric and
anthropomorphic petroglyphs have been pecked into boulders on the
hillside.
Location: T1N, R1W, Section 32, NW ¼, SW ¼
Cultural Affiliation: Hohokam
Pottery: Sacaton Red-on-buff, Classic Redware, Gila Plain
Dates: A.D. 700-1450
Site: Arizona T:11:14
Description: This is a sherd area in a steep sided canyon near the head of Corgett Wash.
Sherds, probably all from one vessel, were found thinly scattered over an
area about one-half acre.
Location: T1S, R1W, Section 34, NW ¼, NW ¼
Cultural Affiliation: Patayan
Pottery: Lower Colorado Buffware
Dates: Unknown
Site: Arizona T:11:15
Description: Arizona T:11:15 is a sherd area, probably representing a temporary camp,
situated on the west side of the Park on the bank of Corgett Wash. Sherds
are thinly scattered for about 100 yards along the wash.
Location: T1S, R1W, Section 29, E ½, NE ¼
Cultural Affiliation: Hohokam
Pottery: Sacaton Red-on-buff, Gila Plain
Dates: A.D. 500-900
Site: Cashion Site (SHPO site file NA14690)
Description: National Register of Historic Places, archaeological district

Location: n/a
Cultural Affiliation: n/a
Pottery: n/a
Dates: n/a
Site: Alkalia Ruin (SHPO site file NA12542)
Description: n/a
Location: n/a
Cultural Affiliation: n/a
Pottery: n/a
Dates: n/a
Site: Villa Buena (site file AZ T:12:3 ASU)
Description: n/a
Location: n/a
Cultural Affiliation: n/a
Pottery: n/a
Dates: n/a
Site: AZ T:11:29
Description: Sherd and lithic scatter
Location: Within park
Cultural Affiliation: Hohokam
Pottery: n/a
Dates: n/a
Site: Pack Saddle Trail (SHPO site file 1197)
Description: a historic trail that was used by pioneers traveling from Phoenix to Little
Rainbow Valley
Location: Bisects park northeast to southwest, part of existing trail system
Cultural Affiliation: Early pioneers
Pottery: n/a
Dates: n/a

Appendix G – Land Use
(Insert all materials behind this cover page)


Appendix H – Facilities and Infrastructure
(Insert all materials behind this cover page)

Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Restrooms Other * Fixture is a toilet, sink, or urinal
Filters/valves Name/Location/
Route Facility Type/Item Fixtures Showers Comments
miles, spaces, etc additional
3,000 sq. ft. building,
masonry and recyled
stone walls. Roof
2 ADA, 8 Ext rest r., 1 metal with solar
Nature/Visitor
14 0 critter r., 2 interior rest r., panels. 8 interior
Center Building
1 kitchen rooms, classroom
dividing panels, ext
water spigot (1),
1 water fountains (2)
Parking lot 50% paved
Parking Lot at paved drive, 4 paved
51 spaces 33,850 sq. ft. 50% crushed granite,
Nature Center ADA, 47 granite
1,330 ft. curb
3 water valves, 5 drip
Exterior space
3 valves, 5 drip valve boxes, 1 fire pit,
Nature Center
1 tortoise encl.
Kiosk, information
Trailhead at Centennial Trail, Quail
panel, crushed granite
Nature Center Trail
200 ft. start
3 sinks, Metal
Maintenance 2 ADA toilets, 1 reg toilet,
7 2 2,000 square ft. Building, 2 rest r., 3
Compound Bld. 1 urinal
2 offices, 2 garage areas
Parking Lot at
2 car ports 12 covered, 5 Compound walls, 2
Maintenance 40,722 sq. ft.
uncovered gates, 6 dumpsters
Comp
Entrance Sites 16' covers, 45'
3 covered sites, water,
(sites 1,2,3) 3 0 4 valves combined vehicle
sewer, elect.
3 (Hosts) length, Septic Tank
20, 30, 50 Amp, picnic
table, grill, cement
pad
2 covered, 15' covers,
Entrance Camp Near Golf Course,
3 0 4 1 uncovered, 50'
sites 4, 5, 6) water,sewer, elec
4 comb vehicle length
20, 30, 50 Amp, picnic
table, grill, cement
pad
174 sq. ft. block
Contact Station Vineyard/Casey Abbott
2 0 1 A/C, Filter building, annodized
Estrella Main Ent. Rds
5 metal roof, secure

5 paved spaces (861
Parking Lot at Paved Parking, flag pole,
0 0 5 spaces sq. ft.), 83 ft curb, 1
Entry Station ext. lights
kiosk
2 Softball Fields, dirt
infields, grass
Casey outfields, 8 valve
Ball Fields (2) 0 14 10 light structures Abbott/Diamondback boxes, chainlink
Way fence, dugouts,
backstops, bleachers,
6 12 trash cans
Block bld, tar roof, 2
Picnic Restroom at 2 ADA toilets, 1 reg toilet,
7 0 429 sq. ft. trash cans, 2 sinks, 1
Ball Field 1 urinal
wtr fnt, 1 water spg
Parking Lot at Ball 150 spaces, paved, 2,242 feet of curbing,
0 0 67,336 sq. ft
Fields striped 9 light poles
block posts, cement
Casey Abbott Rd North
Ramada #1 0 0 6 picnic tables roof/tables, 4 trash
(N. W. Turf)
7 cans, 1 big grill
Parking Lot at Groomed tree style in
60 parking space, 1158 ft
Ramada #1 0 0 26,598 sq. ft lot and surround (light
of curbing
(paved) poles removed)
Block bld, tar roof, 3
Picnic Restroom 2 ADA toilets, 1 reg toilet,
7 0 300 sq. ft. trash cans, 2 sinks, 1
#1 on Turf (N. W.) 1 urinal
8 wtr fnt, 1 water spg
Parking lot at Shared lot from Ramada See lots ramada 1 and
0 0
Restroom #1 #1, #2 2
Area signs, cement
Playground Turf N. Casey Abbot at enclosed sand, see
1 ramada 1, 2 lot
#1 ramadas 1 and 2 Playground insp.
9 Sheet
1 trash barrel
Playground 1
block posts, cement
Casey Abbot Rd N. north
Ramada #2 0 0 10 picnic tables roof/tables, 6 trash
turf)
10 cans, 2 big grills
Parking Lot at Groomed tree style in
59 parking spaces, 1,096
Ramada #2 0 0 21,393 sq. ft lot and surround (light
ft. curb
(paved) poles removed)
Block bld, tar roof, 2
Picnic Restroom 2 ADA toilets, 1 reg toilet,
7 0 339 sq. ft. trash cans, 2 sinks, 1
#2 on Turf N. 1 urinal
11 wtr fnt, 1 water spg
Parking lot at Shared lot from Ramada See lots ramada 2 and
0 0
Restroom #2 #2, #3 3

block posts, cement
Casey Abbot Rd N. north
Ramada #3 7 0 6 picnic tables roof/tables, 4 trash
turf)
12 cans, 1 big grill
Parking lot at Groomed tree style in
22 parking spaces, 376 ft.
Ramada #3 0 0 9290 sq. ft lot and surround (light
curb
(paved) poles removed)
block posts, cement
Casey Abbot Rd N. north
Ramada #4 0 0 4 picnic tables roof/tables, 2 trash
turf)
13 cans, 1 big grill
Parking lot at Groomed tree style in
21 parking spaces, 375 ft.
Ramada #4 0 0 9290 sq. ft lot and surround (light
curb
(paved) poles removed)
Previously bladed
Primitive Camping Casey Abbot Rd N., NE desert used for
0 0 434,232 sq ft
Area #1 corner curve camping/picnic/event
14 s
(1 trash can, no grills)
Gravel Parking with
Primitive Camping Casey Abbot Rd N., NE
0 0 36,186 sq. ft. 930 ft of curb stones,
Area #2 corner curve
15 82 parking spaces
(1 trash can, no grills)
Block bld, tar roof, 3
Picnic Restroom 2 ADA toilets, 1 reg toilet,
7 0 424 sq. ft trash cans, 2 sinks, 1
#3 Navy North 1 urinal
16 wtr fnt, 1 water spg
Parking lot Paved parking, stripes,
53 parking spaces, 1033
Restroom 3, Navy 26838 sq. ft. goomed trees, lot
ft. curb
N. supports Navy N.
under Mesquite tree
Primitive Camp Camping, picnic, tables,
0 0 lot size above cover, reserv, 12 trash
Area #3 Navy N. grills
17 cans, 11 fam grills
Camp, picnic under
Primitive Camp 50 parking spaces
0 0 16,626 sq. ft. Mesquite, tables, 6
Area #4 Navy S. (gravel,dirt)
18 family grills, reserv
10 trash cans Navy S.
Area signs, cement
Playground Turf walk to playground only, enclosed sand, see
1 0 N.W. Navy area
#2 no parking Playground insp.
19 Sheet
1 trash can
Block, metal roof, 3
Picnic Restroom 2 ADA toilets, 1 reg toilet,
7 0 333 sq. ft. trash cans, 2 sinks, 1
#4 NW of Navy S. 1 urinal
20 wtr fnt, 1 water spg
parking area walk to playground only,
0 0
(none) no parking

Area signs, cement
Playground #3, enclosed sand, see
0 0 N.W. Navy area North of Ramada #5
Super playgr. Turf Playground insp.
21 Sheet
4 trash cans by Super
playground
cement posts, metal
Casey Abbot Rd. S.
Ramada #5 0 0 8 picnic tables roof/tables, 5 trash
central turf
22 cans, 5 family grills
Paved parking, stripes,
Parking lot area 64 parking spaces, 1505
27,429 sq. ft goomed trees, lot
#5, #6 paved ft. curb
supports area.
Block, metal roof, 2
Picnic Restroom 2 ADA toilets, 1 reg toilet,
0 0 326 sq. ft. trash cans, 2 sinks, 1
#5, Turf S. central 1 urinal
23 wtr fnt, 1 water spg
Paved parking, stripes,
Parking lot area shared lot with ramada
0 0 goomed trees, lot
see #5, #6 paved #5, #6
supports area.
Camp, picnic,
Primitive Camp Located E. and W. of Mesquites, tables, 1
0 0 next to RR #5
Area #5 Restroom #5 big 5 small grills, no
24 reserv
8 trash cans in
primitive area each
side of restroom 5
block posts, cement
Casey Abbott rd. S,
Ramada #6 0 0 10 picnic tables roof/tables, 5 trash, 1
central turf
25 small grill, 2 big
Paved parking, stripes,
32 parking spaces, 752 ft.
Parking lot area #6 13,714 sq. ft goomed trees, lot
curb
supports area.
Block bld, tar roof, 2
Picnic Restroom 2 ADA toilets, 1 reg toilet,
7 0 300 sq. ft. trash cans, 2 sinks, 1
#6, SW Turf 1 urinal
26 wtr fnt, 1 water spg
Paved parking, stripes,
Parking lot area #6 72 parking spaces, 1393
31,787 sq. ft. goomed trees, lot
paved ft. curb
supports area.
block posts, cement
Ramada #7, SW Casey Abbot Rd. SW turf
0 0 6 picnic tables roof/tables, 4 trash
Turf area
27 cans, 2 big grills
Paved parking, stripes,
Parking lot area 62 parking spaces, 1361
0 0 37,118 sq. ft. goomed trees, lot
lots #7-#8 paved ft. curb
supports area.
block posts, cement
Ramada #8 0 0 16 picnic tables Casey Abbott Rd. SW turf roof/tables, 6 trash, 2
28 big grills

Paved parking, stripes,
Parking lot#8 see
goomed trees, lot
7 - 8 above
supports area.
Block bld, tar roof, 2
Picnic Restroom 2 ADA toilets, 1 reg toilet,
7 0 434 sq. ft. trash cans, 2 sinks, 1
#7, west turf 1 urinal
29 wtr fnt, 1 water spg
block posts, cement
Ramada #9, west Casey Abbott Rd. S. and
0 0 46 picnic tables roof/tables, 13 trash,
turf N. entrance
30 1 small grill, 2 big
Paved parking, stripes,
156 parking spaces, 3514
60,445 sq. ft. goomed trees, lot
ft. curb
supports area.
under Mesquite tree
Primitive Camp Open parking, dirt, no
0 0 143,296 sq. ft. cover, reserv, 8 trash
area #6 Cul De Sac curbs
31 cans, 5 fam grills
8 tables, Quail Trail
Trailhead
under Mesquite tree
Primitive Camp Casey Abbott Rd. S. side
0 0 picnic/camp cover, no reserv, 6
area #7 sw off turf
32 trash cans, 3 fam grills
4 tables
Ramada with 4 tables,
Amphitheater, Casey Abbott Rd. S.
0 0 250 person seat 2 grills, 4 trash cans,
ramada and area Amphitheater Dr.
33 reservation area
25' wide, 35' long, (20,
Amphitheater 2 uncovered sites, water,
2 0 30, 50 amp) crushed
Camp Sites 1, 2 sewer, elec
34 granite, no pad
Pump station,
Turf, Turf Pump, Golf Course Turf=Casey Abbott, housing, valves,
0 sprinkler system
Pump Golf=Vineyard relays, keypads, gates,
35 fence
Turf 37 tables, 22
trash barrels,
Parking lot granite, fits
Trailhead at Gila and Casey Abbott S., S. side
0 0 26,400 sq.ft about 30 cars, Kiosk, 2
Horseshoe near 143 Dr.
36 trash cans
Pump station,
Water Tank, Pump for Arena 143rd Dr. and Arena Dr.
0 housing, valves,
Area intersection
37 relays, gates, fence
Parking on P-gravel, 2
Trailhead Coldwater, Open parking, 1102 ft.
0 117,500 sq. ft. kiosks, 2 trash cans,
East Parking curb
38 horse trough
Ramada with 4 tables,
143rd Dr. and Arena Dr.
1 grill, 4 trash cans,
intersection
reservation area

23' wide, 50' long, 20,
1 covered site, 6
Arena Camp Sites 1-7 7 0 water,sewer elec 30, 50 Amp., table,
uncovered
39 grill, cement pad
143rd Dr. and Arena Dr.
intersection
2 sinks, 8 toilets, 6
Arena Building Arena Dr.W. end,
11 0 2 story offices trash cans (4 in, 2
(Concession Mngm includes restrooms
40 out), 1 water fountain
Parking support
Arena Building Parking 157 parking spaces, 1800
64120 sq. ft. Arena, Trailhead for
West Lot ft. curb
Rainbow, Kiosk, 1 can
20' wide, 30' long, 20,
Arena Camp Sites 8-10 3 uncovered sites,
3 0 water,sewer elec 30, 50 Amp., no grill,
Arena W. Concession
41 table, pad
Trailhead Rainbow, See Arena Building Paved parking, kiosk,
0 0 shared lot
42 Arena Dr. W. Parking sq. ft. 2 trash cans
Arena Complex, 143rd Dr. and Arena Dr. 1 Large Arena, 1 small.
4 0 Shared lot
43 Concession Mngm West end Corrals, gates, fences,
See Maintenance For Details Below See
Inventory Maint. Plan
44 Baseline Trail 2.6 miles multi use
45 Butterfield Trail 0.8 miles multi use
46 Coldwater Trail 2.9 miles multi use
47 Dysart Trail 1.9 miles multi use
48 Gadsden Trail 6.0 miles multi use
0.5 miles barrier free,
Gila Barrier Free Trail
49 interpretive
50 Homestead Trail 2.3 miles multi use
51 Horseshoe Trail 1.0 miles multi use
52 Pedersen Trail 8.3 mile multi use
53 Quail Trail 1.0 miles multi use
54 Rainbow Valley Trail 4.2 miles multi use
55 Saddle Trail 0.3 miles multi use
56 Toothaker Trail 3.9 miles multi use
Trailhead Competitive 120,500 sq ft gravel
1 kiosk, 2 port a johns,
57 Track parking lot
Running, Mountain
Competitive Track 13.4 miles, high speed Bike races/fast use
58 use trails Track/Trails
Trailhead El Rio Test Paved, striped spaces,
11,840 sq. ft.
59 Plot 8 parking spaces 785 ft. of Curb

60 El-Rio Trail/Path 0.6 mile Path
61 Tres Rios Golf Course
62 Septic Tanks
63 Water Valves
64 Water Heaters
65 Roads, Roadsides
66 Landscaped Areas
67 Fence, Fenceline Areas
Interior
Conserve/Preserve
68 Areas
Neighborhood/Regiona
69 l Areas
Partnerships for
70 Maintenance

Appendix I – Roads
(Insert all materials behind this cover page)

Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan
Access Roads
Final Roadway Evaluation
Prepared For:
Prepared By:
September 2015

Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ....................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Purpose and Need ............................................................................................ 1
2.0 Study Area Features ............................................................................................. 2
2.1 Study Area ........................................................................................................ 2
2.2 Location Regionally ........................................................................................... 2
2.3 Land Ownership ................................................................................................ 4
2.4 Existing Terrain ................................................................................................. 5
2.5 Land Use........................................................................................................... 6
2.6 Existing Floodplains .......................................................................................... 6
2.6.1 Local Park Drainage .................................................................................... 6
2.7 Existing Roads .................................................................................................. 9
2.7.1 Geometric Review ....................................................................................... 9
2.7.2 Trip Generation Analysis ........................................................................... 10
2.8 Existing Utilities ............................................................................................... 12
2.9 Environmental Features .................................................................................. 12
3.0 Design Criteria .................................................................................................... 14
3.1 Typical Section ................................................................................................ 14
3.2 Other Design Criteria ...................................................................................... 14
4.0 Proposed Alternatives and Improvements .......................................................... 15
4.1 Stakeholder Feedback .................................................................................... 15
4.2 Evaluation Criteria ........................................................................................... 15
4.3 Park Entry Improvements................................................................................ 16
4.3.1 Park Entrance Option 1A ........................................................................... 17
4.3.2 Park Entrance Option 1B ........................................................................... 18
4.3.3 Park Entrance Option 1C ........................................................................... 19
4.3.4 Park Entrance Recommendation ............................................................... 20
4.4 Additional Bullard Exit – Option 2 .................................................................... 20
4.5 Alternate RV Entrance at Baseline & Indian Springs – Option 3 ..................... 21
4.6 Estrella Parkway & Vineyard Avenue Intersection .......................................... 23
4.6.1 Estrella Parkway Improvements - Option 4A ............................................. 23
4.6.2 Estrella Parkway Improvements - Option 4B ............................................. 24
4.6.3 Estrella Parkway Improvements - Option 4C ............................................. 26
4.6.4 Estrella Parkway Improvement Recommendation ..................................... 27
4.6.5 Other Estrella Parkway Improvements Considered ................................... 27
4.7 Enhancements to the Park Circulation Roadways .......................................... 28
4.8 Potential Internal Park Roadways ................................................................... 28
5.0 Recommended Improvements ............................................................................ 31
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
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Maricopa County Department of Transportation i EPS Job No. 14-164.3

List of Figures
Figure 1 Regional Vicinity Map ........................................................................................ 1
Figure 2 Main Study Area ................................................................................................ 2
Figure 3 Regional Location and Jurisdictional Boundaries .............................................. 3
Figure 4 Land Ownership ................................................................................................ 4
Figure 5 Existing Topography ......................................................................................... 5
Figure 6 Existing Floodplains .......................................................................................... 7
Figure 7 Local Park Drainage sub-basins ....................................................................... 8
Figure 8 Potential Youth Sports Complex ..................................................................... 10
Figure 9 Cultural Resources .......................................................................................... 13
Figure 10 Circulatory Roadway within Estrella Park ...................................................... 14
Figure 11 Golf Course and Park Entries ........................................................................ 16
Figure 12 Option 1A ...................................................................................................... 17
Figure 13 Option 1B ...................................................................................................... 18
Figure 14 Option 1C ...................................................................................................... 19
Figure 15 Option 2 - Bullard Avenue Exit ...................................................................... 20
Figure 16 Option 3 - RV Entrance ................................................................................. 22
Figure 17 Potential Modifications to the Estrella Parkway Bridge Barrier ...................... 23
Figure 18 Estrella Parkway - Option 4A ........................................................................ 24
Figure 19 Estrella Parkway - Option 4B ........................................................................ 25
Figure 20 Estrella Parkway - Option 4C ........................................................................ 26
Figure 21 Alternate Points of Entry ............................................................................... 27
Figure 22 Proposed Circulation Road Widening Typical Section .................................. 28
Figure 23 Locations of Internal Road Widening ............................................................ 28
Figure 24 Potential Internal Park Roadways ................................................................. 29
Figure 25 Existing and Proposed Internal Park Roads .................................................. 30
List of Tables
Table 1 Estimated Roadway Drainage Crossings ........................................................... 8
Table 2 Existing Roadway Pavement Summary ............................................................. 9
Table 3 Results of Trip Generation Analysis ................................................................. 11
Table 4 Existing Utilities ................................................................................................ 12
Table 5 Qualitative Evaluation Summary for Park Entrance Options ............................ 20
Table 6 Qualitative Evaluation Summary for Estrella Parkway Improvement Options .. 27
Appendices
Appendix A – Summary of Existing Roadway Geometric Review
Appendix B – Summary of Trip Generation Analysis
Appendix C – Planning Level Cost Estimates
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
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Maricopa County Department of Transportation ii EPS Job No. 14-164.3

Abbreviations
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials AASHTO
Arizona Game and Fish Department AZGFD
Arizona Public Service APS
Arizona State Land Department ASLD
Bureau of Land Management BLM
Cable TV CATV
Concrete Box Culvert CBC
Corrugated Metal Pipe CMP
Estrella Mountain Regional Park "Park"
Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA
Gila River Indian Community GRIC
Horizontal Point of Intersection HPI
Horizontal Sightline Offset HSO
Maricopa County Department of Transportation MCDOT
Maricopa County Parks and Recreation Department MCPRD
Miles Per Hour MPH
Not Applicable NA
Off-Highway Vehicle OHV
Pavement Condition Rating PCR
Phoenix International Raceway PIR
Recreational Vehicle RV
Station STA
Stopping Sight Distance SSD
Technical Advisory Committee TAC
Vertical Point of Intersection VPI
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
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Maricopa County Department of Transportation iii EPS Job No. 14-164.3

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background
Estrella Mountain Regional Park (“Park”) became the first regional park in the Maricopa County
Park System in 1954 (see Figure 1 for Regional Vicinity Map). The Maricopa County Parks
and Recreation Department (MCPRD) is in the process of updating the Estrella Mountain
Regional Park Master Plan that was prepared in 1988. While the majority of the park today
remains as pristine desert, the 1988 master plan envisioned multiple youth sports complexes,
group and family camping sites, education centers and picnic areas.
Wickenburg Vicinity Map
§¨¦ 17
Peoria
Scottsdale
Glendale
§¨¦ 10 Phoenix
Buckeye Avondale Mesa
Chandler
§¨¦ 10
Gila Bend
§¨¦ 8 Casa Grande
´ 0 5 10 20 Miles Legend
Estrella Mountain Regional Park
Copyright:© 2009 ESRI
Figure 1 Regional Vicinity Map
1.2 Purpose and Need
The ongoing update to the Park Master Plan does not include a transportation plan to address
access to proposed Park facilities. The purpose of this study is to prepare a planning level
roadway evaluation to serve as a circulation element for the Park master plan update. This
study will focus on the northern 800 acres of the Park where the majority of near term
improvements are proposed. This study will also complete a cursory review of additional
potential roadways within the southern portion of the Park as they relate to existing
topographic constraints.
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 1 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

2.0 Study Area Features
2.1 Study Area
The project study area is located near the confluence of the Gila and Agua Fria Rivers in the
southwest Valley. It is bounded by West Vineyard Avenue to the north; Estrella Parkway to the
west; Avondale Boulevard (alignment) to the east and Pecos Road (alignment) to the south.
The Park is currently accessed from West Vineyard Avenue between Estrella Parkway and
Bullard Avenue. This roadway evaluation will focus on the northeast corner of the Park
(Figure 2).
River
Gila Ave
Bullard
Pkwy Vineyard Ave
Estrella Dr. Casey Abbot Dr. N
Course
Tres Rios
Golf Course Golf
Nature 143rd
Center
Trailhead Dr. Casey Abbot Dr. S Ave
´
0 500 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000
Feet
Figure 2 Main Study Area
2.2 Location Regionally
The Park is located within Sections 1 & 4 – 36 of Township 01 South, Range 01 West and the
northwest corner of the Park falls within sections 32 and 33 of Township 01 North, Range 01
West.
Figure 3 illustrates the regional location of the Park along with the jurisdictional boundaries of
the adjacent communities. The western half of the Park is located within the jurisdictional
limits of the City of Goodyear. The eastern half of the Park is located within the City of
Avondale. The Gila River Indian Reservation borders the Park to the east and the Gila & Salt
Rivers run parallel to the northern border of the Park.
Other neighboring facilities include the Goodyear airport located two miles north of the
northwestern corner of the Park and Phoenix International Raceway (PIR) adjacent to the
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
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Maricopa County Department of Transportation 2 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

northeast corner of the Park. A secondary entrance point into the Park is accessed via the PIR
parking area. This access point across PIR is currently the only practical way to reach the
Park’s Competitive Track Area, which is used for non-motorized racing (i.e. mountain bikers or
runners) for formal competitive events as well as casual use.
Goodyear
24 19 Airport 20 21 River 22 23 24 Jurisdiction 19 20
Fria Broadway Rd
25 30 Parkway 29 Bullard 28 Agua 27 26 Rd 25 Rd 30 29
Ave
Gila River Mirage Avondale Southern Rd
Estrella Vineyard Ave El
36 31 32 33 34 35 36 31 32
SaltRiver
Indian Springs Rd
PIR
2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 6 5
11 12 7 8 9 10 11 12 7 8
14 13 18 17 16 15 14 13 18 17
Estrella Mountain Park
23 24 19 20 21 22 23 24 19 20
26 25 30 29 28 27 26 25 30 29
Legend
35 36 31 32 33 34 35 36 31 32
Jurisdiction
Pecos Rd (Alignment)
Avondale
Goodyear
1 6 5 4 3 2 1 6 5
Phoenix
County - Unincorporated
´ 1 0.5 0 1 Miles Park Boundary
12 7 8 9 10 11 12 Gila River Indian 7 Res. 8
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, USGS, NOAA
Figure 3 Regional Location and Jurisdictional Boundaries
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 3 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

2.3 Land Ownership
The Park is owned by Maricopa County and is managed by the MCPRD. Adjacent landowners
included the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Arizona State Land Department (ASLD),
the Gila River Indian Community (GRIC) and other private land owners (see Figure 4).
Goodyear
Airport River Existing Land Ownership
Fria
Parkway Agua Rd Rd
Bullard
Gila River Ave Southern Rd Mirage Avondale
Estrella Vineyard Ave El
Indian Springs Rd
PIR
Estrella Mountain Park
Legend
Park Boundary
Land Ownership
BLM
County Parks
Game and Fish
Gila River Indian Res.
´ 1 0.5 0 1 Miles Private
State Trust
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, USGS, NOAA
Figure 4 Land Ownership
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 4 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

2.4 Existing Terrain
The study area is located within the Basin and Range physiographic province of Central
Arizona, which is characterized by numerous mountain ranges rising abruptly from broad
valleys or basins. Figure 5 depicts the existing topography within the Park study area per the
10-foot contour mapping provided by Maricopa County.
Elevations range from approximately 890 to 4,500 feet above mean sea level within the study
area. Land within the study area includes rolling hills to steep mountains. Slopes within the
study area range between 0% (near the recreational areas) and 70% (in the Estrella
Mountains).
Goodyear
Airport River Topography
Fria Broadway Rd
Parkway Agua Rd Rd
Bullard Ave
Gila River Mirage Avondale Southern Rd
Estrella Vineyard Ave El
SaltRiver
Indian Springs Rd
PIR
Estrella Mountain Park
Legend
´ 1 0.5 0 1 Miles Park Boundary
890 ft Elevation 4,500 ft
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, USGS, NOAA
Figure 5 Existing Topography
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 5 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

2.5 Land Use
Existing land use within the study area, “Desert Park and Preserve”, is based upon Maricopa
County Assessor’s data and verified via aerial photography. The study area is currently
vacant/undeveloped Sonoran Desert land. The Park is currently used for outdoor recreation
activities such as golf, hiking, biking, horseback riding and non-motorized off-road racing
(mountain bikes/running) and baseball.
Current City of Goodyear Zoning for the Park is Agricultural (AG), which represents an
agricultural district that would permit agricultural, ranching and other related uses within the
City. The City of Avondale also has the majority of the Park zoned as an agricultural district.
The Maricopa County 2009 Land Use plan designates the Park as “Active Open Space”. This
land use category is used for areas that are best precluded from development except as open
space and recreational areas.
2.6 Existing Floodplains
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has one regulatory floodplain/floodway
associated with the Gila River that overlaps the northernmost 600 acres of the Park. The Zone
AE floodplain and Zone FW floodway have base flood elevations that extend onto the
improved areas of the Park (see Figure 6). The Gila River floodplain is based upon a 100-yr
discharge of nearly 220,000 cfs.
2.6.1 Local Park Drainage
The Park drains into three major watersheds. The southwestern corner of the Park (~13.5
square miles) drains to the west into the Corgett Wash Watershed. The eastern portions of the
Park (~6.0 square miles) drain to the east/northeast into the East Slope Gila River Watershed.
The northern portions of the Park (~11.4 square miles) drain north towards the North Slope
Gila River Watershed. Stormwater runoff into developed areas of the Park comes from the
hills adjacent to the south side of Casey Abbott Drive South.
In order to estimate the stormwater runoff impacting the internal Park roads, the hills adjacent
to the south side of Casey Abbott Drive South were subdivided into nine sub-basins (see
Figure 7). The rational method was used to estimate peak discharges in eight of the nine sub-
basins due to the size (less than 160 acres) and uniform nature of the contributing watershed.
The modeling parameters and methods were based upon the Drainage Design Manual for
Maricopa County.
The hydrology for sub-basin 1 was modeled using HEC 1 because the drainage area was
greater than 160 acres. The Green and Ampt procedure was used to estimate runoff losses
and sub-basin runoff was estimated using the Clark Unit Hydrograph method. Table 1
summarizes the modeled discharges that reach the internal Park roadways.
The majority of roadway drainage crossings within the Park are at grade crossings at low
points in the roadway.
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 6 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

Goodyear
Airport FEMA Floodplains
River
Fria Broadway Rd
Parkway Agua Rd Rd
Bullard
Ave
Gila River Mirage Avondale Southern Rd
Estrella Vineyard Ave El
SaltRiver
Indian Springs Rd
PIR
North Slope
Gila RIver
Watershed
EastSlope
Gila RIver
Watershed
Corgett Wash
Watershed
Legend
Park Boundary
Watershed Boundaries
FloodZone
´ 1 0.5 0 1 Miles
Floodplain (Zone A, AE, AH)
Floodway (Zone FW)
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, USGS, NOAA
Figure 6 Existing Floodplains
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 7 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

Pkwy Vineyard Bullard Ave Park Drainage Sub-basins
Ave
Estrella Dr. Casey Abbot Dr. N
Tres Rios Course
Golf Course
Golf 143rd
8 5 Casey 4 Abbot Dr. S Ave
6
2
9 7 3
Legend
1
Drainage Path
Existing Culvert
Park Boundary
0 625 1,250 2,500 3,750 5,000 ´
Feet
Figure 7 Local Park Drainage sub-basins
Table 1 Estimated Roadway Drainage Crossings
Drainage Area Peak Discharge Peak Discharge Peak Discharge
Sub-basin (Acres) 2-yr (cfs) 10-yr (cfs) 25-yr (cfs)
Sub-basin 1 189.1 101 174 219
Sub-basin 2 15.9 20 36 43
Sub-basin 3 50.7 54 98 114
Sub-basin 4 2.1 3 5 7
Sub-basin 5 4.7 8 12 15
Sub-basin 6 5.3 8 13 16
Sub-basin 7 38.0 62 98 121
Sub-basin 8 4.5 4 8 9
Sub-basin 9 38.9 36 63 74
All weather access could be provided for the majority of these drainage crossings using pipe
culverts. Runoff from drainage sub-basin 1 currently crosses Casey Abbott Drive South via a 4
barrel 36”x22” Corrugated Metal Pipe (CMP) arch culvert. This culvert can pass around 160cfs
under the road before flows would overtop the roadway.
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 8 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

2.7 Existing Roads
The Maricopa County Department of Transportation (MCDOT) provided information regarding
the pavement condition rating of the existing Park roads as shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Existing Roadway Pavement Summary
Roadway Construction Pavement PCR Most Recent Work
Date Type
Casey Abbott Drive North 1993 Asphalt 91 Preservative Seal (2014)
Casey Abbott Drive South 1993 Asphalt 91 Preservative Seal (2014)
143rd Drive 1993 Asphalt 92 Preservative Seal (2014)
Golf Course Road 1993 Asphalt 91 Preservative Seal (2014)
Trailhead Drive 1993 Asphalt 91 Preservative Seal (2014)
Amphitheatre Drive NR NR NR Preservative Seal (2014)
NR = Not Reported
Most of the existing developed roadways within the study area are located near the northern
boundary of the study area. The Park’s main access road is Casey Abbott Drive North which
provides direct access from West Vineyard Avenue. Casey Abbott Drive North follows a
curvilinear path near the northern boundary of the Park, providing access to sports facilities, a
nature center, a maintenance yard and various picnic areas. Near the eastern edge of the
Park, the road curves to the south and becomes 143rd Drive. It eventually provides access to a
rodeo arena. Despite serving as the main access road into the Park, Casey Abbott Drive North
more accurately fits the description of a circulatory road as defined by the Maricopa County
Park Road System Guidelines (MCDOT, 2014).
Casey Abbott Drive South connects to Casey Abbott Drive North on both ends, creating a loop
and providing access to trailheads, restroom facilities, and picnic areas. It is best classified as
a circulatory road according to the Maricopa County Park Road System Guidelines.
Trailhead Drive is accessed from Casey Abbott Drive South and extends westward, ending in
a cul-de-sac. It provides access to a trailhead. The County Park Road System Guidelines
would define Trailhead Drive as an area road.
Amphitheatre Drive is also most accurately defined as an area road. It is a looped road,
accessed from Casey Abbott Drive South. It provides access to a small parking area and an
amphitheater.
2.7.1 Geometric Review
A review of the existing Park roads with respect to horizontal and vertical geometry was
conducted. According to the Maricopa County Park Road System Guidelines, the
recommended design speed for circulatory roads is 30 mph and the recommended posted
speed limit for circulatory roads is 25 mph. To be conservative, all roadways within the Park
were analyzed assuming a 25 mph posted speed limit since the roads of concern are either
circulatory roads or area roads.
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 9 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

The horizontal and vertical geometric features of the roadways were analyzed against
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) criteria for
superelevation, degree of curvature and vertical curvature to determine a safe operating
speed. The results indicated that all horizontal and vertical curves can accommodate the
posted speed limit of 25 mph. Four roadway segments failed to meet AASHTO requires for a
desired design speed of 30 mph. A summary of the geometric analysis can be found in
Appendix A.
The following vertical curves have a stopping sight distance (SSD) less than what is
recommend for a 30mph design speed:
x Casey Abbott Drive North STA 202+56.13 (SSD 11 feet less than recommended)
x Golf Course Road STA 113+20.00 (SSD 24 feet less than recommended)
The following horizontal curves have a superelevation rates or degrees of curvature that do not
meet recommended AASHTO criteria for a 30mph design speed:
x Casey Abbott Drive South STA 330+37.12 (requires 0.1% superelevation instead of a
normal crown)
x Golf Course Road STA 107+00.99 (exceed maximum degree of curvature by 2°)
2.7.2 Trip Generation Analysis
MCPRD have been in discussions with a concessionaire regarding plans to construct new
youth sports fields to the northwestern portion of the Park (see Figure 8). A trip generation
analysis was completed to estimate the volume of anticipated traffic if the sports fields were
developed and to determine if the existing internal 2-lane roadways have sufficient capacity to
handle that traffic.
Figure 8 Potential Youth Sports Complex
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 10 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

The trip generation analysis was completed using the 9th Land Use 417: Regional Park
edition of the Trip Generation Manual, published by the “Regional parks are owned and
Institute of Transportation Engineers (2012). Weekday and operated by a regional park
weekend peak traffic volumes were estimated for a County authority. The regional parks
Park (land use 412), Regional Park (land use 417) and surveyed vary widely as to location
Soccer Complex (land use 488). The Park acreage was type and number of facilities,
assumed to be 167 acres for the County Park and Regional including hiking trails, lakes, pools,
ball fields, soccer fields, camp
Park analysis. Multiple youth soccer games are often sites, picnic facilities, and general
played on the same field. For this reason, a total of 21 office space…” (from Trip
sports fields were assumed for the Soccer Complex trip Generation Manual, 9th Ed.)
analysis.
The Regional Park land use resulted in the highest estimated volume of traffic for weekends
and weekdays. Refer to Table 3 for a summary of the trip generation results and Appendix B
for a complete summary of the trip generation analysis.)
Table 3 Results of Trip Generation Analysis
Weekday
Time Period Entering Exiting Total
Day 607 606 1,213
AM Peak 62 25 87
PM Peak 135 166 301
Weekend
Day 1,810 1,996 3,806
PM Peak 282 319 601
PM Peak (max) 372 420 792
However, the largest hourly traffic volume was estimated at approximately 800 total vehicles
(400 inbound and 400 outbound) occurring during the weekend PM peak hour. The capacity
of a single travel lane is around 700-800 vehicles per hour. Therefore the existing 2-lane
roadway should have sufficient capacity to handle the peak hour traffic volume.
The primary concern was not the capacity of the roadway but the time it would take Park
patrons to clear the entry fee station. If it were assumed that it takes 30-60 seconds to collect
a fee from a single vehicle, the Park would need somewhere between 3 and 6 fee collection
stations to pass 400 vehicles into the Park during the peak hour. Traffic may also be
asymmetrically distributed during peak hours due to simultaneous game start times. For this
reason, it was recommended the entry be widened to add a second entrance lane from
Vineyard Avenue. The inbound lanes could be further widened to three lanes near the fee
collection station. Additional fee collection capacity could be achieved by utilizing multiple
cashiers in each lane. Other ideas suggested discussed include: 1) issuing prepaid entry
cards to sports participants to streamline the entry process and 2) having game start times
staggered at ½ hour increments (instead of hour increments) to better distribute the peak entry
traffic.
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 11 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

2.8 Existing Utilities
Arizona Blue Stake was contacted to identify the utility stakeholders within the study area.
Table 4 lists the identified providers.
Table 4 Existing Utilities
Utility Owner Utility Type
APS Electric
Buckeye Water Conservation & Drainage Electric, Irrigation
District
City of Goodyear Effluent, Fiber, Reclaimed Water, Sewer,
Traffic Signals, Water
Cox Communications CATV, Fiber
CenturyLink Coaxial, Fiber
Maricopa County Parks & Recreation Electric, Irrigation, Sewer, Water
Department
CenturyLink has indicated that they do not anticipate conflict with their facilities within the study
area. Additional coordination with existing utility providers is required prior to any formal
design/construction activities to better identify potential conflicts.
2.9 Environmental Features
The majority of the Park supports vegetation typical of the Lower Colorado River Valley
subdivision of the Sonoran Desertscrub biotic community (Turner and Brown 1994), which is
characterized by high temperatures and generally low precipitation. A small area in the
southeastern corner of the Park supports vegetation that is typical of the Arizona Upland
subdivision of the Sonoran Desertscrub biotic community (Turner and Brown 1994).
The 1988 Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan identified potential habitiat for the
Sonoran Desert Tortise (Gopherus Agassizii) and Gila Monster (Hecodera Suspectum), both of
which are considered threatened or endangered species by the Arizona Game and Fish
Department (AZGFD).
The Park has never had a formal systematic archaeological reconnaissance survey performed.
Regardless of this fact, several historic and prehistoric cultural resources were identified within
the Park boundaries (See Figure 9) in the previous long-range master plan.
There are no environmental justice concerns within the study area as it is currently
unpopulated.
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 12 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

Goodyear
Airport River Cultural Resources
Fria Broadway Rd
Parkway Agua Rd Rd
Bullard
Ave Mirage Southern Rd
Gila River Avondale
Estrella Vineyard Ave El
SaltRiver
Indian Springs Rd
PIR
Legend
´ 1 0.5 0 1 Miles Park Boundary
Cultural Sites
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, USGS, NOAA
Figure 9 Cultural Resources
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
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Maricopa County Department of Transportation 13 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

3.0 Design Criteria
The following section outlines the design criteria that were developed for the proposed
roadways.
3.1 Typical Section
The design criteria for the proposed roadways is based upon the recently completed Maricopa
County Park Road System Guidelines and the MCDOT Roadway Design Manual.
Roadways internal to the Park were designed as Circulatory Roads per the Maricopa County
Park Road System Guidelines. These roadways have a design speed of 30 MPH, and include
a 12’ wide travel lane and 4’ wide paved shoulder/bike lane in each direction. A 7’ wide earthen
shoulder is recommended for clear zone requirements and cut and fill transition slopes are
limited to 4:1 maximum. Figure 10 depicts the desired typical section for a circulatory within
the Park.
Figure 10 Circulatory Roadway within Estrella Park
Vineyard Avenue and Estrella Parkway were designed as modified Urban Minor Arterials with
a Design Speed of 50 MPH. Both are considered modified as Vineyard Avenue has no center
turn lane as it nears Estrella Parkway, and Estrella Parkway has only one travel lane in each
direction as it intersects with Vineyard Avenue and crosses the Gila River.
3.2 Other Design Criteria
A maximum superelevation of 4.0% was assumed for all roadways. Minimum recommended
curve radii are 730’ along Vineyard Avenue and 300’ along internal Park roads.
Potential right-of-way impacts to the golf course for any realignment of Vineyard Avenue
assume a 65’ right-of-way half-street width from centerline to match the existing condition.
Per the Maricopa County Park Road System Guidelines, the design vehicle for Park roadways
is a Motorhome with a Boat Trailer (MH/B) per AASHTO Figure 2-23.
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
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Maricopa County Department of Transportation 14 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

4.0 Proposed Alternatives and Improvements
This section describes the process that was used to develop and evaluate conceptual
alternatives for the improvements to Estrella Mountain Park.
4.1 Stakeholder Feedback
The design team met with key stakeholders to identify study area opportunities and constraints
that would need to be addressed when developing conceptual alignment alternatives. Key
issues that were identified include:
x Identify appropriate typical section
x Minimize new roadway footprint to mitigate impacts to existing facilities
x Identify alignments that accommodate drainage needs
x Anticipate a secondary point of entry for the campground/rodeo area along the eastern
portion of the Park
x Identify potential secondary egress points used during peak activity
x Identify alternative entry points along the western side of the Park
x Identify solutions that account for future use demands
x Calculate planning level project cost
4.2 Evaluation Criteria
A qualitative set of evaluation criteria were developed based upon feedback received from
stakeholders and the opportunities and constraints identified for the study area. The
conceptual alignment alternatives were evaluated using the following set of qualitative
evaluation criteria:
x Vehicle Access
x Stakeholder Feedback
x Right of Way Requirements
x Drainage Impacts
x Environmental Impacts
The conceptual alignments were assigned one of five qualitative rankings for each evaluation
criteria. Alignments with the most favorable qualitative ratings were selected as the
recommended alignment alternative.
Strong Disadvantage Neutral Advantage Strong
Disadvantage Advantage
Planning level construction cost estimates for each alignment alternative are included in
Appendix C.
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 15 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

4.3 Park Entry Improvements
There are currently two main points of entry into Park off of Vineyard Avenue. Golf Course
Drive is used to access the Tres Rios Golf Course in the northwest corner of the Park, and
Casey Abbott Drive North leads to the main Park area. In the past, Park visitors have
experienced confusion about which entry to use due to the proximity of the two roadways
(approximately 400ft of separation) and the poor visibility of the main Park entrance. Figure
11 illustrates the golf course and Park entries.
Figure 11 Golf Course and Park Entries
A secondary challenge related to the entrance into the Park is related to the fee collection
process. During periods of heavy traffic (i.e. holiday weekends or special events) a bottleneck
can occur at the fee collection booth that results in traffic queuing back onto Vineyard Avenue.
Potential increases in traffic related to the proposed youth sports field improvements will only
make the existing fee collection bottleneck occur more frequently.
The design team evaluated potential improvements to the golf course and Park entries
intended to reduce confusion and mitigate potential bottlenecks at the fee collection booth.
The general concepts explored included:
x Combining the two points of entry into the Park off of Vineyard Avenue into a single
roadway.
x Adding additional ingress (or entrance) lanes into the Park to increase the fee collection
and vehicle storage capacities.
x Enhancing the visibility of the Park and golf course entrances by clearing away existing
vegetation adjacent to Vineyard Avenue and adding new signage/ monumentation.
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 16 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

4.3.1 Park Entrance Option 1A
The first Park entrance Option 1A consolidates both Park entrances off of Vineyard Avenue by
closing the Golf Course Road entrance and adding a second ingress lane (or entrance lane) to
Casey Abbott Drive North. The Golf Course Road is realigned and connected to the widened
Casey Abbott Drive North approximately 300 feet south of Vineyard Avenue. The portion of
Golf Course Road between Vineyard Avenue and the realignment will be removed. A third
ingress lane is added to Casey Abbott Drive North between the new Golf Course Road
intersection and the fee collection booth to further increase the fee collection and vehicle
storage capacity of the roadway (see Figure 12). The existing vegetation along Vineyard
Avenue would have to be modified to enhance the visibility of the new entrance.
The qualitative rankings for Option 1A are as
follows:
Vehicle Access: Vehicle access was viewed
as a disadvantage for Option 1A. While
consolidating the two entry points into the
Park eliminates the decision drivers will have
to make, the entrance to the golf course is
less direct. Access to Golf Course Road may
be impeded by vehicles waiting to clear the
fee collection booth into the main Park.
Stakeholder Feedback: Members of the
Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) did not
express a strong opinion for or against Option
1A [neutral rating].
Right of Way Requirements: A positive rating
was assigned as no new right-of-way is
required for the Park entry modifications.
[Advantage]
Drainage Impacts: A neutral rating was
assigned as Option 1A, while located in a
local low spot, does not impact any existing
drainages.
Environmental Impacts: A neutral rating was
assigned as the proposed improvements
minimally impact existing vegetation. They
do not impact any other environmental
resources.
Planning Level Cost Estimate: $106,000
Figure 12 Option 1A
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 17 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

4.3.2 Park Entrance Option 1B
Option 1B locates the combined point of entry off of Vineyard Avenue to the Golf Course Road
alignment and removes the Casey Abbott Drive North access point (see Figure 13). Golf
Course Road ties into the consolidated entrance roadway approximately 400 feet south of
Vineyard Avenue. The realigned Casey Abbott Drive North is widened to two ingress lanes
between Vineyard Avenue and the new Golf Course Road intersection and to three ingress
lanes between the new intersection and the fee collection booth. Casey Abbott Drive North
retains a single egress (or exit) lane. The portion of Casey Abbott Drive North between
Vineyard Avenue and the realignment will be removed.
The qualitative rankings for Option 1B are as
follows:
Vehicle Access: A neutral rating was
assigned to Option 1B. Consolidating the
two points of entry at Golf Course Road
alignment will reduce driver confusion.
However, the potential for conflicts between
golf course traffic and vehicles waiting to
clear the fee booth still exists.
Stakeholder Feedback: A positive rating was
assigned to Option 1B as this alternative
received favorable feedback from members
of the TAC including MCPRD staff.
[Advantage]
Right of Way Requirements: A positive rating
was assigned as no new right-of-way is
required for the Park entry modifications.
[Advantage]
Drainage Impacts: A neutral rating was
assigned for this category as Option 1B,
while located in a local low spot, does not
impact any existing drainages.
Environmental Impacts: A neutral rating was
assigned as the proposed improvements
minimally impact existing vegetation. They
do not impact any other environmental
resources.
Planning Level Cost Estimate: $251,000 –
Park Entrance Option 1B was the most
costly of the potential improvements
considered at this location.
Figure 13 Option 1B
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 18 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

4.3.3 Park Entrance Option 1C
Option 1C keeps the Golf Course Road and Casey Abbott Drive North separated. Existing
vegetation along the south side of Vineyard Avenue will be removed to and new
signage/monumentation will be added to enhance the visibility of both Park entrances and
reduce driver confusion. A second ingress lane is added to Casey Abbott Drive North at
Vineyard Avenue. A third ingress lane is added to Casey Abbott Drive North approximately
400 fee north of the fee collection booth to increase the fee collection and vehicle storage
capacity of the roadway (see Figure 14).
Vehicle Access: Option 1C increases the
capacity of the main Park entrance and
avoids conflicts between golf course and
main Park traffic by keeping the two
roadways separated. Driver confusion is
reduced with landscaping and signage to
showcase both points of entry [advantage].
Stakeholder Feedback: Members of the
TAC did not express a strong opinion for or
against Option 1C [Neutral].
Right of Way Requirements: A positive
rating was assigned as no new right-of-way
is required for the Park entry modifications.
[Advantage]
Drainage Impacts: Option 1C locates the
proposed improvements on or adjacent to
existing roadways. It avoids the local low
spot between Golf Course Road and
Casey Abbott Drive North . For this
reason, it was rated slightly higher than the
other two Park entry alternatives
[Advantage].
Environmental Impacts: A neutral rating
was assigned as the proposed
improvements minimally impact existing
vegetation. They do not impact any other
environmental resources.
Planning Level Cost Estimate: $69,000 –
Park Entrance Option 1C was the least
expensive of the potential improvements
considered at this location.
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Figure 14 Option 1C Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 19 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

4.3.4 Park Entrance Recommendation
Table 5 provides a summary of the qualitative evaluation of the three Park entrance options.
While all three were considered viable, Option 1C was recommended because it enhanced
access to the Park without creating conflicts with golf course traffic, minimized drainage
impacts and was the most cost effective alternative.
Table 5 Qualitative Evaluation Summary for Park Entrance Options
Evaluation Criteria Alt 1A Alt 1B Alt 1C
Vehicle Access
Stakeholder Feedback
Right-of-way
Drainage Impacts
Environmental Impacts
Cost $106k $251k $69k
Recommended No No Yes
4.4 Additional Bullard Exit – Option 2
An additional connection between Casey Abbott Drive North and Vineyard Avenue was
evaluated at the Bullard Avenue alignment. The distance between these two roadways (~110
ft) is too narrow to accommodate a fee
collection station. For this reason it was only
evaluated as an alternate exit for the Park (see
Figure 15).
The proposed roadway connection would have
two lanes, a thru/right-turn lane (aligned with
the northbound Bullard Avenue lane) and a
left-turn lane (aligned with the southbound
Bullard Avenue Lane). There is approximately
3 ft of elevation change between Bullard
Avenue and Casey Abbott Drive North
resulting in a proposed roadway grade near
3%. A gate would be required at this location
to provide access control. This gate would
only be opened during special events that
would benefit from a second exit to help
distribute the traffic. A Park staff member
would need to be stationed at the exit to
ensure the roadway is used for egress only.
Realigning the existing parking lot entrance to
more geometrically align with the Bullard
Avenue exit would also be recommended. The Figure 15 Option 2 - Bullard Avenue Exit
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 20 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

qualitative rankings for Option 2 are as follows:
Vehicle Access: A neutral rating was assigned to Option 2 as it has the potential to improve
traffic flow by spreading out the vehicles exiting the Park during periods of peak usage.
However, there is some concern that the length of the proposed Bullard Avenue exit will not
provide enough room for vehicle storage as exiting drivers wait for traffic to clear on Vineyard
Avenue, potentially blocking traffic on Casey Abbott Drive North. Additional traffic analysis is
needed to better assess the benefits/risks associated with this proposed improvement.
Stakeholder Feedback: Maricopa County MCPRD staff members were concerned about the
safety of improvement Option 2. Vehicles have previously failed to stop at the Bullard
Avenue/Vineyard Avenue intersection and driven directly into Park. Their fear was that a new
roadway into the Park at the Bullard Avenue alignment might increase the risk of vehicles
accidently crashing through the gate into the Park. [Disadvantage]
Right of Way Requirements: A positive rating was assigned as no new right-of-way is required
for the Park entry modifications. [Advantage]
Drainage Impacts: A neutral rating was assigned as the additional exit requires only minimal
drainage improvements. It is anticipated a 24” storm drain will be constructed to preserve
existing drainage patterns along the south side of Vineyard Avenue.
Environmental Impacts: A neutral rating was assigned as there are no known impacts to
existing environmental resources.
Planning Level Cost Estimate: $40,000
Recommendation: Additional traffic analysis is needed to thoroughly evaluate the benefits of a
second exit onto Vineyard Avenue and there are concerns about vehicles mistakenly using the
roadway when the gates are closed. Regardless, the design team felt that there was enough
potential benefit of this design option to carry it forward into conceptual plans (see Section
5.0).
4.5 Alternate RV Entrance at Baseline & Indian Springs – Option 3
During the scoping process, MCPRD staff expressed a
desire for a secondary entrance into the Park to cater
to recreational vehicles (RVs). RV camping is
currently allowed near the rodeo arena. The design
team evaluated a secondary entrance aligned with
Indian Springs Road.
The primary challenge facing this improvement option
is fee collection. The potential RV entrance ties into an
internal Park roadway, 143rd Drive, which provides
access to the main Park and camping area. There is
not enough room between the external Park roadway,
143rd Avenue, and the internal roadway to construct a
fee collection booth. The internal Park roadway is also
constrained to the west by an existing wash of moderate size. For this reason, the alternate
RV entrance would require two new fee collection stations. A new fee booth is shown north of
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 21 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

the Baseline Road alignment. Improvement Option 3 would also convert the gates at Baseline
Road into an alternate exit. A secondary fee booth would also be required at the entrance to
the campground. The qualitative rankings for Option 3 are as follows:
Vehicle Access: A positive rating was
assigned to this option as it will
alleviate traffic congestion at the
existing Park entrance and exit.
[Advantage]
Stakeholder Feedback: A negative
rating was assigned to the proposed
RV connection for several reasons.
Fee collection booths are costly to
construct and to operate for MCPRD
staff. Improvement Option 3 will
require a fee booth on either side of
the entrance, or to have the RV
campground operate on an “honor
system” for fee collection. Neither of
these two scenarios were desired by
Park staff. In addition, Park staff would
prefer not to use the gates at the
Baseline Road alignment as an
additional public exit. [Strong
Disadvantage]
Right of Way Requirements: A positive
rating was assigned as no new right-
of-way is required for the Park entry
modifications. [Advantage]
Drainage Impacts: A neutral rating
was assigned as the additional
pavement widening for fee booth
construction has minimal impacts to
existing washes.
Environmental Impacts: A neutral
rating was assigned as there are no
Figure 16 Option 3 - RV Entrance known impacts to existing
environmental features.
Planning Level Cost Estimate: $112,000 (note: cost assumes two prefabricated fee booths at
$30,000 each)
Recommendation: The design team did not carry improvement Option 3 forward for further
analysis based upon unfavorable stakeholder feedback related to fee collection logistics at this
location.
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 22 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

4.6 Estrella Parkway & Vineyard Avenue Intersection
The majority of traffic headed towards Park from the north takes Estrella Parkway south to
Vineyard Avenue and then turns east to the main Park entrance. Estrella Parkway at the
Vineyard Avenue tee-intersection has single northbound and southbound thru-lanes. There is
no southbound-to-eastbound left turn lane on Estrella Parkway due to the proximity of the
intersection to the two-lane bridge over the Gila River. Vehicles desiring to turn left onto
Vineyard Avenue currently block the southbound traffic on Estrella Parkway when they wait for
breaks in the northbound traffic. Estrella Parkway is also a popular route for recreational
cycling in the area. The design team looked in to options to accommodate a southbound-to-
eastbound turning movement at this intersection while preserving paved shoulders for bicycle
traffic. Potential improvements to the Estrella Parkway/Vineyard Avenue intersection fall within
the City of Goodyear’s jurisdictional control and must be approved by City staff.
4.6.1 Estrella Parkway Improvements - Option 4A
The first option evaluated adds a southbound-to-eastbound left-turn lane symmetrically about
the centerline of Estrella Parkway beginning approximately 200 feet north of the southern edge
of the bridge. The existing 6 foot bridge shoulders are reduced to 2 foot shoulders as the
center turn lane is added. The southernmost 225 feet of the pedestrian barrier must be
removed to allow bicycle and pedestrian traffic to share the eastern 5 feet of the structure (see
Figure 17). It should be noted that pedestrian access to the eastern edge of the bridge is
currently encumbered by guardrail, local vegetation and drainage facilities (rip-rap/scuppers).
Combining the bike path with the pedestrian pathway would make the eastern edge of the
bridge more accessible to pedestrians, though still not ADA compliant. A small amount of
pavement would be required on the east side of the roadway to accommodate the additional
width and maintain a 5 foot wide bike lane. This improvement option also requires the
relocation of existing guardrail. Improvement Option 4A creates an 80 foot southbound-to-
eastbound left-turn lane (see Figure 18), which is approximately half of the preferred minimum
150 foot turn lane length per the City of Goodyear Engineering Design Standards and Policies
Manual.
Figure 17 Potential Modifications to the Estrella Parkway Bridge Barrier
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 23 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

The qualitative rankings for Option 4A are as
follows:
Vehicle Access: A positive rating was assigned to
this option as an 80 foot left-turn lane is provided.
[Advantage]
Stakeholder Feedback: A neutral rating was
assigned to improvement option 4A. MCPRD
staff were in favor of the alternative because it
provides some left-turn storage capacity for the
least amount of effort. City staff were intrigued by
the low-cost approach to creating a southbound-
to-eastbound turn-lane at this intersection,
however they did not consider Option 4A to be a
long-term solution. The City anticipated that the
additional trips generated by the sports fields
would be enough to warrant installation of a traffic
signal at this intersection. The City would not
want to install a traffic signal at this location.
Right of Way Requirements: A positive rating was
assigned as no new right-of-way is required along
Estrella Boulevard. [Advantage]
Drainage Impacts: A positive rating (relative to the
other Estrella Parkway improvements) was
assigned as the proposed improvement has no
impact on the existing drainages. [Advantage]
Environmental Impacts: A neutral rating was
assigned as there are no known impacts to
existing features.
Planning Level Cost Estimate: $25,000 – Estrella
Parkway Option 4A was the least expensive of
the potential improvements considered at this
Figure 18 Estrella Parkway - Option 4A location.
4.6.2 Estrella Parkway Improvements - Option 4B
The second improvement option for the Estrella Parkway intersection realigns Vineyard
Avenue approximately 140 feet south of the existing intersection to create room for a new
southbound-to-eastbound left-turn lane. The southerly shift of Vineyard Avenue was kept to a
minimum to mitigate impacts to fairway #3 of the Tres Rios Golf Course. The realigned
Vineyard Avenue crosses a major wash upstream of an existing 4-cell 10ft x 10ft concrete box
culvert (CBC). Improvement Option 4B will require a new drainage structure similar to the
existing CBC. Improvement Option 4B creates a 100 foot southbound-to-eastbound left-turn
lane (see Figure 19), which is below the preferred minimum 150 foot turn lane length per the
City of Goodyear Engineering Design Standards and Policies Manual.
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 24 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

Figure 19 Estrella Parkway - Option 4B
The qualitative ratings of Estrella Parkway Option 4B are as follows:
Vehicle Access: A positive rating was assigned as the 100 foot left-turn lane is an improvement
upon current conditions. [Advantage]
Stakeholder Feedback: A neutral rating was assigned to improvement Option 4B. City staff felt
that the proposed sport facility improvements may generate enough traffic to warrant a traffic
signal at the Estrella Parkway/Vineyard Avenue intersection. This design option represents a
better long-term solution for a signalized intersection. It is assumed that the operators of the
Tres Rios Golf Course would have reservations about design Option 4B.
Right of Way Requirements: Improvement Option 4B will require approximately one acre of
new right-of-way from MCPRD with consent from the Tres Rios Golf Course to accommodate
the realignment of Vineyard Avenue. [Disadvantage]
Drainage Impacts: A negative rating was assigned as the proposed improvement will require
construction of a new and/or relocation of the existing concrete box culvert. [Disadvantage]
Environmental Impacts: A neutral rating was assigned as there are no known impacts to
existing features.
Planning Level Cost Estimate: $852,000 – Estrella Parkway Option 4B was by far the most
expensive of the potential improvements considered at this location.
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 25 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

4.6.3 Estrella Parkway Improvements - Option 4C
The third design option to accommodate southbound-to-eastbound turning movement utilizes
an indirect left-turn concept for Estrella Parkway. Option 4C removes the direct left-turn
movements from the Estrella Parkway/Vineyard Avenue intersection by relocating the turning
movement to a break in the median approximately 600 feet south of the intersection.
Southbound drivers desiring to head east on Vineyard Avenue would pass the intersection and
drive to the opening in the median, make a U-turn onto northbound Estrella Parkway and then
make an northbound-to-eastbound right-turn at Vineyard Avenue. This design option includes
a widened paved area along the east side of Estrella Parkway opposite the median break to
facilitate the southbound-to-northbound U-turn movements (see Figure 20). The widened
paved area will slightly encroach upon the existing wash east of Estrella Parkway. This
embankment will need to be armored to protect against scouring. Qualitative ratings for
Estrella Parkway improvement Option 4C are described below.
Vehicle Access: Option 4C is the only design
alternative that allows for a standard turn lane
length. However, the indirect left-turn is less
common in Arizona and requires out-of-
direction travel. [Neutral]
Stakeholder Feedback: A negative rating was
assigned to improvement Option 4C based
upon feedback received from the City of
Goodyear. City staff felt that the indirect-left
concept would not be well received by residents
unaccustomed to the concept. The City was
also concerned that enforcement of the indirect
left might be challenging because there is no
median through the intersection to prohibit the
movement. [Disadvantage]
Right of Way Requirements: Improvement
Option 4C will require approximately 0.2 acres
of new right-of-way from the Tres Rios Golf
Course to accommodate the realignment of
Vineyard Avenue. [Disadvantage]
Drainage Impacts: A neutral rating was
assigned as the proposed improvement has a
minimal impact to the existing wash.
Environmental Impacts: A neutral rating was
assigned as there are no known impacts to
existing features.
Figure 20 Estrella Parkway - Option 4C Planning Level Cost Estimate: $148,000
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 26 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

4.6.4 Estrella Parkway Improvement Recommendation
Table 6 provides a summary of the qualitative evaluation of the three potential improvement
options for the Estrella Parkway/Vineyard Avenue intersection. Improvement Option 4A was
recommended because it provides a moderate improvement to the existing conditions with
minimal to no impact to existing right-of-way, drainage or environmental features. It is also the
most cost effective alternative considered at this location,
It was noted that improvement Option 4A was not viewed as the preferred long-term solution
for this intersection by City of Goodyear staff. The ultimate solution at this location involves
widening of the Estrella Parkway Bridge. Improvement Option 4A could however represent a
low-cost interim improvement that may be combined with other phased improvements (i.e. a
signalized intersection similar to Option 4B) to create a hybrid solution that adapts to growing
traffic needs.
Table 6 Qualitative Evaluation Summary for Estrella Parkway Improvement Options
Evaluation Criteria Alt 4A Alt 4B Alt 4C
Vehicle Access
Stakeholder Feedback
Right-of-way
Drainage Impacts
Environmental Impacts
Cost $25k $865k $148k
Recommended Yes No No
4.6.5 Other Estrella Parkway Improvements Considered
Additional improvement options were
considered to address the Estrella Parkway/
Vineyard Avenue intersection, but were
ultimately rejected for having a qualitative rating
that was viewed to be a strong disadvantage.
A roundabout was considered but rejected for
the Estrella Parkway/Vineyard Avenue
intersection based upon feedback that the
Goodyear City Council would not support it.
Alternate entrances into Park were considered
off of Estrella Parkway south of the Tres Rios
Golf Course (see Figure 21). These were
rejected due to extensive environmental and
drainage impacts, high costs, and potential
conflicts with golf course operations.
Figure 21 Alternate Points of Entry
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 27 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

4.7 Enhancements to the Park Circulation Roadways
Figure 10 illustrates the desired typical section for the internal circulation roads within the
Estrella Mountain Park. This typical section includes a single 12 foot travel lane in each
direction with 4 foot shoulders for bicycle and pedestrian traffic. The existing internal
circulation roadways only have 1 foot wide shoulders. It is proposed that 4 foot shoulders be
added to the existing Park roadways (see Figure 22) at the locations indicated in Figure 23.
The planning level cost estimate for the widening improvements is $402,000.
Figure 22 Proposed Circulation Road Widening Typical Section
Figure 23 Locations of Internal Road Widening
4.8 Potential Internal Park Roadways
The design team was asked to evaluate potential internal Park roadways to 1) connect the
main Park area to the Competitive Track area located near the northeast corner of the Park
and to 2) identify a potential roadway that extends further into the Estrella Mountains for a
future trailhead. Two potential roadway alignments were identified to traverse the numerous
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 28 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

washes and mountainous terrain. The first potential roadway alignment is four miles long,
begins at the rodeo arena and runs along the northern boundary of the Park to the Competitive
Track area. A roadway easement will be required from ASLD as a portion of the potential
roadway crosses state trust land near the PIR.
Figure 24 Potential Internal Park Roadways
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 29 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

The second potential internal roadway begins at the Competitive Track area, passes through a
saddle point of existing hills and then turns southwest up a small valley into the Estrella
Mountains. This second roadway is approximately 3.3 miles long and is intended to service a
new trailhead that would make hiking in the Estrella Mountains more accessible to the general
public.
Additional circulation roads were proposed as part of the 1988 Estrella Mountain Regional
Park Master Plan. The approximate locations of these roads are depicted in Figure 25.
Figure 25 Existing and Proposed Internal Park Roads
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 30 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

5.0 Recommended Improvements
This section presents 200-scale plan-view drawings of the proposed improvement options for
Park.
Estrella Mountain Regional Park Master Plan Final Roadway Evaluation
Access Roads September 2015
Maricopa County Department of Transportation 31 EPS Job No. 14-164.3

32

33

34

35

36

APPENDIX A
SUMMARY OF EXISTING ROADWAY GEOMETRIC REVIEW

Project Name: Estrella Mountain Park
Roadway: Casey Abbott Drive North – Horizontal Curve Inventory
HPI Station Milepost Superelevation (ft/ft) Degree Of Curve Speed (mph) HSO Grade Horizontal SSD (ft)
(ft) Begin End Existing AASHTO Min Max Existing AASHTO Max Existing Posted (ft) (%) Existing Required
204+93.84 -0.010 -0.132 0.06 13°-28'-53" 39°-53' 34 25 NA
221+37.60 0.020 -0.178 0.06 7°-09'-43" 39°-53' 45 25 NA
228+37.23 0.020 -0.125 0.06 14°-19'-26" 39°-53' 35 25 NA
236+81.64 -0.020 -0.213 0.06 2°-17'-31" 39°-53' 61 25 NA
247+92.01 -0.020 -0.213 0.06 2°-17'-31" 39°-53' 61 25 NA
255+09.57 0.020 -0.125 0.06 14°-19'-26" 39°-53' 35 25 NA
259+62.97 -0.020 -0.187 0.06 5°-51'-29" 39°-53' 44 25 NA
204+93.84 -0.010 -0.058 0.06 13°-28'-53" 24°-50' 34 30 NA
221+37.60 0.020 -0.125 0.06 7°-09'-43" 24°-50' 45 30 NA
228+37.23 0.020 -0.150 0.06 14°-19'-26" 24°-50' 35 30 NA
236+81.64 -0.020 -0.176 0.06 2°-17'-31" 24°-50' 61 30 NA
247+92.01 -0.020 -0.176 0.06 2°-17'-31" 24°-50' 61 30 NA
255+09.57 0.020 -0.050 0.06 14°-19'-26" 24°-50' 35 30 NA
259+62.97 -0.020 -0.138 0.06 5°-51'-29" 24°-50' 44 30 NA

Project Name: Estrella Mountain Park
Roadway: Casey Abbott North – Vertical Curve Inventory
Roadway Type: Undivided Roadway (Bi-directional)
Milepost Grade (%) Curve Curve Stopping Sight Distance (ft) Speed (mph)
VPI Station (ft)
Begin End Approach Departure Length (ft) Type Existing Required Existing Posted
202+56.13 -1.7818 2.7800 150.00 Sag 193 157 29 25
261+80.11 2.7800 0.1365 100.00 Crest 458 157 51 25
202+56.13 -1.7818 2.7800 150.00 Sag *193 204 29 30
261+80.11 2.7800 0.1365 100.00 Crest 458 204 51 30
= Curve does not meet AASHTO standards for 30mph

Project Name: Estrella Mountain Park
Roadway: Casey Abbott Drive South – Horizontal Curve Inventory
HPI Station Milepost Superelevation (ft/ft) Degree Of Curve Speed (mph) HSO Grade Horizontal SSD (ft)
(ft) Begin End Existing AASHTO Min Max Existing AASHTO Max Existing Posted (ft) (%) Existing Required
301+88.20 0.020 -0.091 0.06 19°-05'-55" 39°-53' 31 25 NA
306+53.98 0.020 -0.091 0.06 19°-05'-55" 39°-53' 31 25 NA
309+29.15 0.020 -0.158 0.06 9°-54'-32" 39°-53' 40 25 NA
313+88.16 -0.020 -0.142 0.06 12°-03'-44" 39°-53' 34 25 NA
314+94.05 -0.020 -0.154 0.06 10°-25'-03" 39°-53' 36 25 NA
316+77.53 -0.020 -0.160 0.06 9°-32'-57" 39°-53' 37 25 NA
321+10.55 -0.020 -0.164 0.06 9°-05'-40" 39°-53' 38 25 NA
326+64.08 -0.020 -0.184 0.06 6°-21'-58" 39°-53' 43 25 NA
330+37.12 -0.020 -0.091 0.06 19°-05'-55" 39°-53' 29 25 NA
333+68.36 -0.020 -0.224 0.06 0°-47'-20" 39°-53' 80 25 NA
301+88.20 0.020 0.001 0.06 19°-05'-55" 24°-50' 31 30 NA
306+53.98 0.020 0.001 0.06 19°-05'-55" 24°-50' 31 30 NA
309+29.15 0.020 -0.096 0.06 9°-54'-32" 24°-50' 40 30 NA
313+88.16 -0.020 -0.073 0.06 12°-03'-44" 24°-50' 34 30 NA
314+94.05 -0.020 -0.091 0.06 10°-25'-03" 24°-50' 36 30 NA
316+77.53 -0.020 -0.100 0.06 9°-32'-57" 24°-50' 37 30 NA
321+10.55 -0.020 -0.104 0.06 9°-05'-40" 24°-50' 38 30 NA
326+64.08 -0.020 -0.133 0.06 6°-21'-58" 24°-50' 43 30 NA
330+37.12 *-0.020 0.001 0.06 19°-05'-55" 24°-50' 29 30 NA
333+68.36 -0.020 -0.192 0.06 0°-47'-20" 24°-50' 80 30 NA
= Curve does not meet AASHTO standards for 30mph

Project Name: Estrella Mountain Park
Roadway: Casey Abbottt South – Vertical Curve Inventory
Roadway Type: Undivided Roadway (Bi-directional)
Milepost Grade (%) Curve Curve Stopping Sight Distance (ft) Speed (mph)
VPI Station (ft)
Begin End Approach Departure Length (ft) Type Existing Required Existing Posted
331+59.00 0.8537 2.6060 100.00 Sag +9999 157 +100 25
333+95.00 2.6060 -2.0564 100.00 Crest 281 157 37 25
335+42.83 -2.0564 -0.1000 100.00 Sag 1443 156 +100 25
331+59.00 0.8537 2.6060 100.00 Sag +9999 203 +100 30
333+95.00 2.6060 -2.0564 100.00 Crest 281 203 37 30
335+42.83 -2.0564 -0.1000 100.00 Sag 1443 203 +100 30

Project Name: Estrella Mountain Park
Roadway: Cul-De-Sac Road – Horizontal Curve Inventory
HPI Station Milepost Superelevation (ft/ft) Degree Of Curve Speed (mph) HSO Grade Horizontal SSD (ft)
(ft) Begin End Existing AASHTO Min Max Existing AASHTO Max Existing Posted (ft) (%) Existing Required
404+34.62 0.020 -0.111 0.06 16°-22'-13" 39°-53' 33 25 NA
407+47.43 -0.020 -0.170 0.06 8°-11'-06" 39°-53' 39 25 NA
409+74.30 -0.020 -0.184 0.06 6°-21'-58" 39°-53' 43 25 NA
414+93.27 -0.020 -0.167 0.06 8°-40'-52" 39°-53' 38 25 NA
418+72.42 0.020 -0.091 0.06 19°-05'-55" 39°-53' 31 25 NA
404+34.62 0.020 -0.028 0.06 16°-22'-13" 24°-50' 33 30 NA
407+47.43 -0.020 -0.114 0.06 8°-11'-06" 24°-50' 39 30 NA
409+74.30 -0.020 -0.133 0.06 6°-21'-58" 24°-50' 43 30 NA
414+93.27 -0.020 -0.109 0.06 8°-40'-52" 24°-50' 38 30 NA
418+72.42 0.020 0.001 0.06 19°-05'-55" 24°-50' 31 30 NA

Project Name: Estrella Mountain Park
Roadway: Golf Course Drive – Horizontal Curve Inventory
HPI Station Milepost Superelevation (ft/ft) Degree Of Curve Speed (mph) HSO Grade Horizontal SSD (ft)
(ft) Begin End Existing AASHTO Min Max Existing AASHTO Max Existing Posted (ft) (%) Existing Required
104+24.10 0.020 -0.111 0.06 16°-22'-13" 39°-53' 33 25 NA
107+00.99 0.020 -0.034 0.06 26°-54'-43" 39°-53' 27 25 NA
117+65.61 0.020 -0.132 0.06 13°-28'-53" 39°-53' 36 25 NA
122+02.42 0.020 -0.132 0.06 13°-28'-53" 39°-53' 36 25 NA
104+24.10 0.020 -0.028 0.06 16°-22'-13" 24°-50' 33 30 NA
107+00.99 0.020 *** 0.06 *26°-54'-43" 24°-50' 27 30 NA
117+65.61 0.020 -0.058 0.06 13°-28'-53" 24°-50' 36 30 NA
122+02.42 0.020 -0.058 0.06 13°-28'-53" 24°-50' 36 30 NA
= Curve does not meet AASHTO standards for 30mph

Project Name: Estrella Mountain Park
Roadway: Golf Course Drive – Vertical Curve Inventory
Roadway Type: Undivided Roadway (Bi-directional)
Milepost Grade (%) Curve Curve Stopping Sight Distance (ft) Speed (mph)
VPI Station (ft)
Begin End Approach Departure Length (ft) Type Existing Required Existing Posted
111+65.00 1.3714 -3.2000 140.00 Crest 306 158 39 25
113+20.00 -3.2000 0.7414 100.00 Sag 181 158 28 25
111+65.00 1.3714 -3.2000 140.00 Crest 306 205 39 30
113+20.00 -3.2000 0.7414 100.00 Sag *181 205 28 30
= Curve does not meet AASHTO standards for 30mph

APPENDIX B
SUMMARY OF TRIP GENERATION ANALYSIS

PROJECT ESTRELLA PARK
PARCEL ENTIRE SITE
ITE LAND USE CATEGORY AND CODE COUNTY PARK - 412
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE ACRE
SIZE 167.0
TRIPS
ENTERING EXITING TOTAL
WEEKDAY DAILY 50% 50%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 22
AVERAGE SIZE 349
MINIMUM RATE 0.17 14 14 28
AVERAGE RATE 2.28 191 190 381
MAXIMUM RATE 53.41 4,460 4,459 8,919
STANDARD DEVIATION 7.04
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 191 190 381
AM PEAK HOUR ADJACENT STREET 80% 20%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 3
AVERAGE SIZE 650
MINIMUM RATE 0.00 0 0 0
AVERAGE RATE 0.01 2 0 2
MAXIMUM RATE 0.02 2 1 3
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.10
EQUATION: T = 0.70 * (X) + 9.74 NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 2 0 2
AM PEAK HOUR GENERATOR 71% 29%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 7
AVERAGE SIZE 335
MINIMUM RATE 0.05 6 2 8
AVERAGE RATE 0.52 62 25 87
MAXIMUM RATE 22.29 2,643 1,079 3,722
STANDARD DEVIATION 1.89
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 62 25 87
PM PEAK HOUR ADJACENT STREET 41% 59%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 3
AVERAGE SIZE 650
MINIMUM RATE 0.05 3 5 8
AVERAGE RATE 0.06 4 6 10
MAXIMUM RATE 0.08 5 8 13
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.25
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 4 6 10
PM PEAK HOUR GENERATOR 35% 65%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 6
AVERAGE SIZE 389
MINIMUM RATE 0.08 5 8 13
AVERAGE RATE 0.59 35 64 99
MAXIMUM RATE 5.30 310 575 885
STANDARD DEVIATION 1.50
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 35 64 99

PROJECT ESTRELLA PARK
PARCEL ENTIRE SITE
ITE LAND USE CATEGORY AND CODE COUNTY PARK - 412
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE ACRE
SIZE 167.0
TRIPS
RATE ENTERING EXITING SUM
SATURDAY DAILY 50% 50%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 6
AVERAGE SIZE 101
MINIMUM RATE 4.04 338 337 675
AVERAGE RATE 12.14 1,014 1,013 2,027
MAXIMUM RATE 24.74 2,066 2,066 4,132
STANDARD DEVIATION 9.63
EQUATION: T = 36.31 * (X) - 2445.12 R2 = 0.79 1,810 1,809 3,619
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 1,810 1,809 3,619
PEAK HOUR GENERATOR 59% 41%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 2
AVERAGE SIZE 136
MINIMUM RATE 0.52 51 36 87
AVERAGE RATE 2.24 221 153 374
MAXIMUM RATE 3.20 315 219 534
STANDARD DEVIATION NA
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 221 153 374
SUNDAY DAILY 50% 50%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 14
AVERAGE SIZE 339
MINIMUM RATE 0.32 27 26 53
AVERAGE RATE 4.13 345 345 690
MAXIMUM RATE 38.46 3,212 3,211 6,423
STANDARD DEVIATION 8.07
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 345 345 690
PEAK HOUR GENERATOR 47% 53%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 2
AVERAGE SIZE 136
MINIMUM RATE 1.55 122 137 259
AVERAGE RATE 3.60 282 319 601
MAXIMUM RATE 4.74 372 420 792
STANDARD DEVIATION NA
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 282 319 601

PROJECT ESTRELLA PARK
PARCEL ENTIRE SITE
ITE LAND USE CATEGORY AND CODE REGIONAL PARK - 417
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE ACRE
SIZE 167.0
TRIPS
ENTERING EXITING TOTAL
WEEKDAY DAILY 50% 50%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 5
AVERAGE SIZE 310
MINIMUM RATE 0.92 77 77 154
AVERAGE RATE 4.57 382 381 763
MAXIMUM RATE 39.07 3,263 3,262 6,525
STANDARD DEVIATION 10.03
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 382 381 763
AM PEAK HOUR ADJACENT STREET NA NA
NUMBER OF STUDIES NA
AVERAGE SIZE NA
MINIMUM RATE NA NA NA NA
AVERAGE RATE NA NA NA NA
MAXIMUM RATE NA NA NA NA
STANDARD DEVIATION NA
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION NA NA NA
AM PEAK HOUR GENERATOR 57% 43%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 3
AVERAGE SIZE 425
MINIMUM RATE 0.08 7 6 13
AVERAGE RATE 0.15 14 11 25
MAXIMUM RATE 0.60 57 43 100
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.42
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 14 11 25
PM PEAK HOUR ADJACENT STREET 45% 55%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 2
AVERAGE SIZE 602
MINIMUM RATE 0.11 8 10 18
AVERAGE RATE 0.20 15 18 33
MAXIMUM RATE 1.10 83 101 184
STANDARD DEVIATION NA
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 15 18 33
PM PEAK HOUR GENERATOR 44% 56%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 3
AVERAGE SIZE 425
MINIMUM RATE 0.11 8 10 18
AVERAGE RATE 0.26 19 24 43
MAXIMUM RATE 1.33 98 124 222
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.63
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 19 24 43

PROJECT ESTRELLA PARK
PARCEL ENTIRE SITE
ITE LAND USE CATEGORY AND CODE REGIONAL PARK - 417
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE ACRE
SIZE 167.0
TRIPS
RATE ENTERING EXITING SUM
SATURDAY DAILY 50% 50%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 5
AVERAGE SIZE 310
MINIMUM RATE 1.88 157 157 314
AVERAGE RATE 5.65 472 472 944
MAXIMUM RATE 43.04 3,594 3,594 7,188
STANDARD DEVIATION 10.94
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 472 472 944
PEAK HOUR GENERATOR 48% 52%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 3
AVERAGE SIZE 425
MINIMUM RATE 0.23 18 20 38
AVERAGE RATE 0.34 27 30 57
MAXIMUM RATE 1.68 135 146 281
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.67
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 27 30 57
SUNDAY DAILY 50% 50%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 5
AVERAGE SIZE 310
MINIMUM RATE 2.12 177 177 354
AVERAGE RATE 6.44 538 537 1,075
MAXIMUM RATE 44.11 3,683 3,683 7,366
STANDARD DEVIATION 11.24
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 538 537 1,075
PEAK HOUR GENERATOR 34% 66%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 3
AVERAGE SIZE 425
MINIMUM RATE 0.21 12 23 35
AVERAGE RATE 0.42 24 46 70
MAXIMUM RATE 2.32 132 255 387
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.85
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 24 46 70

PROJECT ESTRELLA PARK
PARCEL ENTIRE SITE
ITE LAND USE CATEGORY AND CODE SOCCER COMPLEX - 488
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE FIELDS
SIZE 21.0
TRIPS
ENTERING EXITING TOTAL
WEEKDAY DAILY 50% 50%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 3
AVERAGE SIZE 10
MINIMUM RATE 42.86 450 450 900
AVERAGE RATE 71.33 749 749 1,498
MAXIMUM RATE 90.81 954 953 1,907
STANDARD DEVIATION 23.12
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 749 749 1,498
AM PEAK HOUR ADJACENT STREET 57% 43%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 4
AVERAGE SIZE 13
MINIMUM RATE 0.29 3 3 6
AVERAGE RATE 1.12 14 10 24
MAXIMUM RATE 1.88 22 17 39
STANDARD DEVIATION 1.19
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 14 10 24
AM PEAK HOUR GENERATOR 56% 44%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 4
AVERAGE SIZE 13
MINIMUM RATE 0.29 3 3 6
AVERAGE RATE 2.10 25 19 44
MAXIMUM RATE 3.81 45 35 80
STANDARD DEVIATION 2.06
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 25 19 44
PM PEAK HOUR ADJACENT STREET 45% 55%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 4
AVERAGE SIZE 13
MINIMUM RATE 8.71 82 101 183
AVERAGE RATE 17.70 167 205 372
MAXIMUM RATE 24.88 235 287 522
STANDARD DEVIATION 7.55
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 167 205 372
PM PEAK HOUR GENERATOR 44% 56%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 35
AVERAGE SIZE 58
MINIMUM RATE 0.94 9 11 20
AVERAGE RATE 3.11 29 36 65
MAXIMUM RATE 6.06 56 71 127
STANDARD DEVIATION 2.17
EQUATION: LN (T) = 0.89 * LN(X) + 1.50 R2 = 0.55 12 15 27
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 29 36 65

PROJECT ESTRELLA PARK
PARCEL ENTIRE SITE
ITE LAND USE CATEGORY AND CODE SOCCER COMPLEX - 488
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE FIELDS
SIZE 21.0
TRIPS
RATE ENTERING EXITING SUM
SATURDAY DAILY 50% 50%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 1
AVERAGE SIZE 7
MINIMUM RATE NA NA NA NA
AVERAGE RATE 117.43 1,233 1,233 2,466
MAXIMUM RATE NA NA NA NA
STANDARD DEVIATION NA
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 1,233 1,233 2,466
PEAK HOUR GENERATOR 48% 52%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 6
AVERAGE SIZE 11
MINIMUM RATE 17.14 173 187 360
AVERAGE RATE 30.34 306 331 637
MAXIMUM RATE 34.20 345 373 718
STANDARD DEVIATION 7.42
EQUATION: T = 37.04 * (X) - 75.92 R2 = 0.97 337 365 702
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 337 365 702
SUNDAY DAILY NA NA
NUMBER OF STUDIES NA
AVERAGE SIZE NA
MINIMUM RATE NA NA NA NA
AVERAGE RATE NA NA NA NA
MAXIMUM RATE NA NA NA NA
STANDARD DEVIATION NA
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION NA NA NA
PEAK HOUR GENERATOR 41% 59%
NUMBER OF STUDIES 1
AVERAGE SIZE 20
MINIMUM RATE NA NA NA NA
AVERAGE RATE 28.10 242 348 590
MAXIMUM RATE NA NA NA NA
STANDARD DEVIATION NA
EQUATION: NOT PROVIDED NA NA NA NA
LARGEST OF AVERAGE OR EQUATION 242 348 590

APPENDIX C
PLANNING LEVEL COST ESTIMATES

Engineer's Construction Cost Estimate
Estrella Park
Project No. 14-164.3
Estrella Park Entrance - Option 1A
Item Description Unit Quantity Unit Price Cost
Clearing, Grubbing, Monumentation LS 1 $15,000.00 $15,000
Prepare Subgrade and Install 3.0" AC Pavement over 9" ABC SY 2386 $25.00 $59,650
Sign, Post, and Foundation EA 2 $250.00 $500
4" White/Yellow Striping (Equivalent) LF 3400 $0.60 $2,040
Remove Existing Pavement Section SY 1450 $5.00 $7,250
Total (with 25% Contingency) = $106,000
Estrella Park Entrance - Option 1B
Item Description Unit Quantity Unit Price Cost
Prepare Subgrade and Install 3.0" AC Pavement over 9" ABC SY 6782 $25.00 $169,550
Sign, Post, and Foundation EA 2 $250.00 $500
4" White/Yellow Striping (Equivalent) LF 5910 $0.60 $3,546
Remove Existing Pavement Section SY 5400 $5.00 $27,000
Total (with 25% Contingency) = $251,000
Estrella Park Entrance - Option 1C
Item Description Unit Quantity Unit Price Cost
Clearing, Grubbing, Monumentation LS 1 $20,000.00 $20,000
Prepare Subgrade and Install 3.0" AC Pavement over 9" ABC SY 1309 $25.00 $32,725
Sign, Post, and Foundation EA 2 $250.00 $500
4" White/Yellow Striping (Equivalent) LF 1988 $0.60 $1,193
Remove Existing Pavement Section SY 93 $5.00 $465
Total (with 25% Contingency) = $69,000

Bullard Egress - Option B
Item
Number Description Unit Quantity Unit Price Cost
Prepare Subgrade and Install 3.0" AC Pavement over 9" ABC SY 640 $25.00 $16,000
6" Curb and Gutter / Single Curb LF 530 $12.00 $6,360
24" Storm Drain Pipe LF 60 $90.00 $5,400
Sign, Post, and Foundation EA 4 $250.00 $1,000
4" White/Yellow Striping (Equivalent) LF 80 $0.60 $48
Arrow Symbol EA 4 $200.00 $800
"ONLY" Symbol EA 2 $200.00 $400
Remove Existing Pavement Section SY 260 $5.00 $1,300
Remove Concrete Curb and Gutter LF 200 $3.00 $600
Total (with 25% Contingency) = $40,000
Option C - Baseline Fee Booth and Egress
Item
Number Description Unit Quantity Unit Price Cost
Prepare Subgrade and Install 3.0" AC Pavement over 9" ABC SY 250 $25.00 $6,250
6" Curb and Gutter / Single Curb LF 118 $12.00 $1,416
Sign, Post, and Foundation EA 3 $250.00 $750
4" White/Yellow Striping (Equivalent) LF 565 $0.60 $339
Arrow Symbol EA 2 $200.00 $400
"ONLY" Symbol EA 1 $200.00 $200
Remove Existing Pavement Section SY 80 $5.00 $400
Fee Booth LSUM 2 $30,000.00 $60,000
Indian Springs Entrance and Egress
Prepare Subgrade and Install 3.0" AC Pavement over 9" ABC SY 645 $25.00 $16,125
Sign, Post, and Foundation EA 3 $250.00 $750
4" White/Yellow Striping (Equivalent) LF 130 $0.60 $78
Remove Existing Pavement Section SY 600 $5.00 $3,000
Total (with 25% Contingency) = $112,000
Circulation Road Widening
Item
Number Description Unit Quantity Unit Price Cost
Prepare Subgrade and Install 3.0" AC Pavement over 9" ABC SY 11889 $25.00 $297,222
4" White/Yellow Striping (Equivalent) LF 21400 $0.60 $12,840
Remove Existing Pavement Section SY 2378 $5.00 $11,889
Total (with 25% Contingency) = $402,000

Estrella & Vineyard Intersection - Option 4A
Item
Number Description Unit Quantity Unit Price Cost
Prepare Subgrade and Install 7.0" AC Pavement over Subgrade SY 120 $40.00 $4,800
Steel Gaurdrail LF 230 $25.00 $5,750
Sign, Post, and Foundation EA 2 $250.00 $500
4" White/Yellow Striping (Equivalent) LF 5100 $0.60 $3,060
Arrow Symbol EA 2 $200.00 $400
"ONLY" Symbol EA 1 $200.00 $200
Remove Gaurdrail LF 230 $4.00 $920
Remove Concrete Barrier LF 225 $20.00 $4,500
Total (with 25% Contingency) = $25,000
Estrella & Vineyard Intersection - Option 4B
Item
Number Description Unit Quantity Unit Price Cost
Prepare Subgrade and Install 7.0" AC Pavement over Subgrade SY 4914 $40.00 $196,560
6" Curb and Gutter / Single Curb LF 1100 $12.00 $13,200
Concrete Box Culvert LF 80 $2,000.00 $160,000
Box Culvert Headwall EA 2 $5,000.00 $10,000
Steel Gaurdrail LF 175 $25.00 $4,375
Sign, Post, and Foundation EA 4 $250.00 $1,000
4" White/Yellow Striping (Equivalent) LF 6735 $0.60 $4,041
Arrow Symbol EA 10 $200.00 $2,000
"ONLY" Symbol EA 2 $200.00 $400
Remove Existing Pavement Section SY 4100 $5.00 $20,500
Remove Concrete Curb and Gutter LF 715 $3.00 $2,145
Remove Gaurdrail LF 625 $4.00 $2,500
New Right of Way SF 52900 $5.00 $264,500
Total (with 25% Contingency) = $852,000
Estrella & Vineyard Intersection - Option 4C
Item
Number Description Unit Quantity Unit Price Cost
Prepare Subgrade and Install 7.0" AC Pavement over Subgrade SY 1151 $40.00 $ 46,040
6" Curb and Gutter / Single Curb LF 680 $12.00 $ 8,160
Steel Gaurdrail LF 460 $25.00 $ 11,500
Sign, Post, and Foundation EA 6 $ 250.00 $ 1,500
4" White/Yellow Striping (Equivalent) LF 745 $ 0.60 $ 447
Arrow Symbol EA 4 $ 200.00 $ 800
"ONLY" Symbol EA 2 $ 200.00 $ 400
Remove Existing Pavement Section SY 150 $5.00 $ 750
Remove Concrete Curb and Gutter LF 730 $3.00 $ 2,190
Remove Gaurdrail LF 460 $4.00 $ 1,840
New Right of Way SF 9000 $5.00 $ 45,000
Total (with 25% Contingency) = $ 148,000

Appendix J – Trails
(Insert all materials behind this cover page)

Estrella Mountain Regional Park Trail System Plan
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Public Participation 1
The Plan 1
Public and agency comments 2
Scoping comments directly related to trail planning 3
Draft Plan Review comments directly related to trail planning 3
Government Comments 3
Trail System Plan 4
Policies 4
Actions 6
Park-wide Map Map A
North Area Enlargement Map B

Trail System Plan for Estrella Regional Park
This page is intentionally blank.

Trail System Plan for Estrella Regional Park
Introduction
Phoenix Speedway Corporation of
The purpose of the Estrella Mountain Phoenix International Raceway (PIR)
Regional Park (EMRP) Trail Plan is to and The City of Goodyear. In addition,
determine the desired future condition of announcement letters were sent to 60
the trail system, including trailheads, individuals, organizations and
service roads access and competitive government agencies potentially
tracks. interested in participating in the plan
development process.
This plan is tiered to the EMRP Master
Plan and will guide the management of In response to these announcements,
trails tracks and access within the park PRD received 44 notices of interest from
by developing specific management those who wanted to participate in the
actions for the EMRP trail system. This planning process. These participants
plan is consistent with federal, state and were sent a letter of information which,
county laws and Maricopa County Parks outlined the planning process and
and Recreation Department (PRD) requested scoping comments concerning
policies. the current and future trail system of
EMRP. To facilitate this initial comment
This plan was developed with the input phase, some trail concerns were itemized
of the public and is of particular value to and a planning map was included for
the Park Supervisor and the Trails visual reference.
Planner. It is intended for this plan to
provide the needed framework for the Altogether, PRD received 11 letters and
management of EMRP’s trail system and e-mail messages from this scoping
in the planning of specific trail work process. The individuals and
projects. This plan will also be used to organizations submitted these comments
educate PRD personnel about the overall represented hikers, park neighbors,
management of the ERMP trail system. bicyclists and equestrians. During the
development of the draft plan, the
Public participation planning team reviewed every pertinent
comment submitted.
The Scoping Process
The Draft Plan
People interested in participating in the
trail planning process were sought The draft plan was mailed to 47 citizens
through news releases sent to eight area and organizations that were interested in
newspaper community sections. reviewing the draft plan. In response to
Announcement flyers were placed within the draft plan, three comment letters
EMRP at the trailhead kiosks. Several were received.
key contacts were made including
SunChase Estrella Limited Partnership The plan
Development Company of Estrella
Mountain Ranch (SunChase) and

Trail System Plan for Estrella Regional Park
This Trail Plan was produced by the or solve other trail management
Estrella trail planning team consisting of: concerns.
Mark Lansing, EMRP Supervisor; Bob
Skaggs, Trails Planner; Dave Konopka,
Trails Planner; and Julie Allbrooks, Public and agency
Planning Consultant. This team comments
compiled and analyzed all pertinent
information including public comments,
recommendations of government Scoping comments directly
agencies, natural and cultural resource related to trail planning
protection issues, specifications for
county trails, PRD policies and the
EMRP master plan. Eleven comment letters and e-mail
messages were received within the initial
The development of a specific trail plan scoping period. The comments were sent
is critical to managing EMRP. The 1988 by organizations and individuals who are
Master Plan for EMRP does not address trail users at EMRP or otherwise
new trails, trail changes nor provide an interested in the management of its trails.
action plan for trail development. The Analysis revealed that comments
Master Plan contains a small section addressed six major issues directly
about EMRP trails and discusses two related to trail planning.
types of trails - formal and informal.
Formal trails are referred to as hard Trail System
surfaced intensive use trails found in the There were many comments that directly
developed areas. “These trails connect addressed the current trail system. The
major use areas and facilities to parking bulk of these comments stated that the
lots” (EMRP 1988 Master Plan, p.104). trails, as they currently exist, are
confusing and need attention and some
This trail plan addresses the informal modifications. The issue of multiple
trail system. Informal trails are referred users of the trail system was commented
to as trails “constructed of dirt, gravel or upon in both positive and negative ways.
whatever material is present in the
landscape” and lead “through natural Trail connection to Estrella Mountain
areas and away from development” Ranch Development
(EMRP 1988 Master Plan, p.104).
Representatives of Sunchase, the
The maps included with this trail plan development builder, specifically
show the planned trail system. If a trail requested a private access gate
that is currently being used by the public connecting the Estrella Mountain Ranch
does not appear on the map, it is slated Development to EMRP’s trail system.
for closure and obliteration. All of the The Sunchase representatives suggested
EMRP trails are subject to modifications three locations best suited for their
and improvements as needed to repair needs.
hazards to visitors, prevent trail erosion
2

Trail System Plan for Estrella Regional Park
One letter from the public specifically Signs and Maps
addressed the issue of trail connections A few comments were directed to the
to private neighborhoods. This letter map and consisted of suggestions for
argued against any connections to private making it easier to read. The trail
developments unless these connections markings received poor reviews and a
were available for use by the general few suggestions were made on how to
public, including parking and fee improve the effectiveness of the current
stations. The “Trail B” spur on the trail sign system.
EMRP Visitor Map May 1991, which
leads to the west boundary of the park, is
cause for concern (difficult to find and Draft Plan Review
no outside access). These same concerns comments directly related to
were raised about the “Trail C” spur trail planning
which leads to the north boundary of the
park.
Public Letters
Bicycle Issues
Three comment letters and meetings
Mountain bike trail use is a topic of great with two park neighbors, PIR and
concern. There were positive and SunChase resulted from public review of
negative comments regarding the current the EMRP draft trail plan.
situation. There were suggestions
promoting the establishment of a Trail System
separate competitive track and
suggestions of banning bicycles from the Comments generally favored the draft
trails all together. Comments were made, plan. Support was given for maintaining
stating that the current situation is the trails as multiple-use, improving the
confusing and needs attention and trail signage and the rerouting of several
modifications. established trails.
Trailheads Competitive Track
The trailheads were addressed by a few The competitive track concept and
comments that called for slight location were given support.
modifications in the existing physical
layout. Alternative Public Access to EMRP
Alternative access to EMRP was
Trail Amenities supported as long as it was made
Several people commented that there available to the general public.
should be a water source provided to the
main trailhead areas. A backcountry SunChase would like to develop a public
picnic area with a table and ramada was access trail connecting the Estrella
also suggested. Mountian Ranch community to EMRP.
The precise location of the access point
and spur trail will be decided at a later
3

Trail System Plan for Estrella Regional Park
date based on the progression of the
community development.
PIR intends to grant an easement to PRD
for purposes of access to the Northeast
area of the park. PIR will assist with the
development of the competitive track
parking lot and other facilities.
Government Comments
The PRD received a letter from The City
of Goodyear planning department. A
Senior Planner wrote that while at this
time there is no specific plan to have city
trail connections directly with EMRP,
they intend to ”establish an open space
trail system throughout the City of
Goodyear with links to surrounding
communities”.
4

Trail System Plan for Estrella Regional Park
Vegetation Clearance:
Trail system plan Width: 6 feet (2 m) total
clearance - 12 in (0.3 m) from
This section lists policies from the PRD tread edge
Trails Management and lists the planned Height: 10 feet (3 m) from tread
trail development actions. surface
Policies Secondary Trails:
Maximum sustained grade: 15%
Multiple uses Tread: 2 feet (0.6 m) width
PRD policy encourages designating trails Vegetation Clearance:
for multiple-use whenever possible. This Width: 6 feet (2 m) total
means pedestrian, equestrian and cyclists clearance; 2 feet (0.6m) from
should be allowed to use all of the tread edge
designated trails in EMRP. Where Height: 10 feet (3 m) from tread
essential, for visitor safety or special use surface
conditions, trail use may be restricted
(e.g., Interpretive or Barrier-free trails). Barrier- Free Trails:
Maximum sustained grade: 5%. Not
Trail Classification more than 20% of the total trail length
Trails are classified as primary, shall exceed the maximum sustained
secondary, barrier-free and/or grade. A maximum grade of 8% may be
interpretive as directed in the PRD Trails utilized for segments no longer than 90
Manual. feet (30 m), access ramps and dips. A 5
foot (1.5 m) long level grade landing
Trail Definitions: shall be constructed on maximum grade
segments at intervals not to exceed 30
Maximum sustained grade: Maximum feet (9 m) in length.
inclination allowed for long distances. Tread: One-way segments - 5 feet (1.5
Grade is a function of rise over run m) wide
expressed as percent (i.e., rise/run = %). Two -way segments - 7 feet (2.1
m)
Tread: Trail surface maintained to bare wide
mineral soil. Vegetation Clearance:
Width: 1-foot (0.3 m) from tree
Vegetation Clearance: Zone of edge
vegetation cut back from treads edge for Height: 8 feet (2.4 m) from tread
ease of passage along the trail corridor. surface
Primary Trails: Interpretive Trails:
Maximum sustained grade: 10% Maximum sustained grade: 10%
Tread: 4 feet (1.2 m) wide Tread: 4 feet (1.2 m) wide
Vegetation Clearance:
5

Trail System Plan for Estrella Regional Park
Width: 6 feet (2 m) total
clearance, 12 in (0.3 m) from
tread surface
Height: 8 feet (2.4 m) from tread
surface
Complete specifications are found within
the PRD Trails Management Manual and
are available upon request.
Trail Signs
The signs marking the trail system will
be consistent with the PRD Trail Manual
guidelines.
Access Gates
One gate may connect the residential
area west of the park to the EMRP trail
system. According to the current PRD
policy, trail gates may be added along
park boundaries only if:
1. There is a demonstrated public need
and demand.
2. The access is guaranteed, long-term
for the overall public.
3. Other adjacent landowners concur
with the establishment of access.
4. Access via the main entrance for
local residents is demonstrated to be
excessively inconvenient.
5. Access connects with another
government agency’s trail system.
6. Access connects an authorized trail
concession facility serving the
public.
6

Trail System Plan for Estrella Regional Park
trailhead parking will be
Actions developed or allowed.
The following action items provide 2. South of Corgett Wash
direction for the establishment of the
EMRP Trail System and access to trails. Designate, develop and sign a primary
For reference, each action item’s trail along the south bank of
corresponding number is located on Corgett Wash
maps ‘A’ and ‘B’. Unless it is otherwise • This trail will be approximately
indicated, all trails are designated for 1.5 miles long.
non-motorized multiple-use by hikers,
bikers and equestrians. 3. West-Central Area
Designate, realign and sign a primary
Actions Related to the Trail trail from the arena trailhead to
System the new trail in the Southeast area.
• This trail will be approximately
3.3 miles long.
1. Southwest Area
Designate, develop and sign a primary 4. West of new trailhead
trail in the southwest area of the Designate, develop and sign a primary
park. trail from the new trailhead to the
• This trail will be approximately 9 trail farthest west in that area.
miles long. • This trail will be approximately 1
1A. West Boundary mile long.
Designate, develop and sign a spur
trail providing access for 5. West and south of arena trailhead
residential areas west of the park. Designate, develop and sign a primary
• This action item will be carried trail in the park’s west and central
out only if the criteria listed area.
under “Policies – Access Gates” • This trail will be approximately
is met. 4.5 miles long.
• Precise location will be
determined when SunChase 6. East of new trailhead
continues discussions with PRD
and provides specific plans for Designate, realign and sign a primary
development an adjacent to trail from the new trailhead
EMRP. through the central park area.
• Development at the park • This trail will be approximately 3
boundary will be limited to the miles long.
trail boundary fence, entry gate,
fee collection station, and 7. South of new trailhead
appropriate signs. Designate, realign and sign a primary
• Access is primarily for local trail south of the new trailhead.
neighborhood residents. No
7

Trail System Plan for Estrella Regional Park
• This trail will be approximately • Development is pending
1.5 miles long. completion of a cooperative
agreement and acquisition of
8. South of Casey Abbot picnic area easement for access.
Designate, renovate and sign an • The track will be a series of
interpretive trail. interconnecting segments totaling
• Renovate to barrier-free approximately 12 miles.
specifications.
• Develop and install interpretive Actions Related to the
displays. Access System
• Designate for pedestrian use
only. 12. Southeast Area
• This trail will be approximately
1.8 miles long. Designate and sign service roads.
• Maintain existing old roads to
9. Casey Abbot picnic area to arena county transportation
specifications.
trailhead • Service roads are for
Designate, develop and sign a primary administrative and emergency
trail along the west side of the use only.
existing roadway from the Casey • Install and maintain a locked gate
Abbot picnic area to the arena at the park boundary. Install gates
trailhead. at other locations if necessary.
• This trail will be approximately • Construct end of road turn-
0.8 miles long. around areas to allow for use for
helicopter access.
10. Southeast of Casey Abbot picnic
13. South of arena
area
Designate, develop and sign an
Designate, develop and sign an improved surfaced road and a new
interpretive trail. trailhead.
• Construct to barrier-free • Renovate existing old road to
specifications. County transportation
• Develop and install interpretive specifications. As funding
displays. allows, upgrade road from dirt to
• Designate for pedestrian use blacktop.
only. • Develop parking area adequate
• This trail will be approximately for vehicles and trailers.
0.3 miles long. • Install support facilities as
necessary and as funding allows,
11. South of PIR such as kiosks, hitch rails, water
Designate, develop and sign a spigot, ramadas, toilets, etc.
competitive track in the northeast
area of the park.
8

Trail System Plan for Estrella Regional Park
14. East of arena • Service roads are for
Renovate existing trailhead. administrative and emergency
• Install support facilities as use only.
necessary and as funding allows, • Install and maintain a locked gate
such as kiosks, hitch rails, water at the park boundary. Install gates
spigot, ramadas, toilets, etc. at other locations if necessary.
• Construct end of road turn-
15. South of Casey Abbott picnic area around areas to allow for use for
helicopter access.
Renovate existing trailheads.
• Install support facilities as Other Actions Related to
necessary and as funding allows,
such as kiosks, water spigot, Trails
paved surface, etc.
Trail names
16. South of PIR Any new trails will be given new names.
Designate, develop and sign an Some segments of previously established
improved, dirt surface road and a trails will be renamed to minimize
parking area in the northeast area visitor confusion.
of the park.
• Development is pending Obliteration of paths and roads
completion of a cooperative The undesignated paths and closed roads
agreement and acquisition of not designated for inclusion into the trail
easement for access. and access system will be obliterated and
• Renovate existing old road to “naturalized” by scarifying the tread,
County transportation planting native vegetation and/or
specifications. As funding scattering native debris.
allows, upgrade road from dirt to
blacktop. Control of off-trail use
• Develop parking area adequate
for vehicles and trailers. Trail user education and, if necessary,
• Install support facilities as law enforcement will be used to attain
necessary and as funding allows, compliance with the stay-on-the-trail
such as kiosks, water spigot, rule. Signs will be posted at obliterated
ramadas, toilets, etc. paths, roads and undesignated washes, if
these areas are subject to continued use
17. East and west of track after closure.
Designate, develop and sign an Maintenance of trails
improved, dirt surface road. Work on the EMRP trail system focuses
• Renovate existing old road and on the additions and changes listed
construct new roadway to County above. However, visitor use and
transportation specifications. environmental factors require that
routine trail maintenance remains an
9

Trail System Plan for Estrella Regional Park
integral part of trail system management. Routine trail maintenance is scheduled
(This includes heavy maintenance such on an as needed, on - going basis.
as realigning short segments of trail.)
10






Appendix K – Draft Alternatives
(Insert all materials behind this cover page)

Draft Alternative A: Minimal improvement opportunities
This recommendation is responsive to public and stakeholder input that preferred minimal changes to
existing park features and recommends maintaining most of the existing 1988 Master Plan with minimal
amendments. Alternative A focuses on implementing the remaining 1988 Master Plan improvements
opportunities not yet completed and presents a minimal number of new opportunities. The
amendment(s) will include adding the wetlands project with the City of Goodyear and BOR and adding
“El Rio” project components in cooperation with City of Goodyear and the Flood Control District of
Maricopa County and other associated partners. The amendment(s) will include removing the
convenience store, ranger station living quarters, model airplane site, shooting range, and swimming
pool from further consideration or implementation.
Alternative A also recommends the continuation of previously planned Super Playground updates,
screening and shading the pump station, and routine maintenance throughout the park. Additionally,
this alternative encourages continued collaboration with its Friends group and park volunteers and
exploring other feasible partnerships.

Figure 7-1: Draft Alternative A, facilities eliminated from further consideration

Figure 7-2: Draft Alternative A, facilities completed from 1988 master plan
Table 7-2: Draft Alternative A
ID# Location Description Priority Acres of new
ground
disturbance
(Approx)
A1 1988 Master Plan includes:
Completed:
• Northern area roadways
• Ball fields (2)
• Ramadas, group picnicking (some, different locations)
• Maintenance compound (different location)
• Nature Center (different location)
• Amphitheater (different location)
• Golf course
• Equestrian center
• Contact station
• Informal turf area
• Trails (some)
• Land acquisition (some)
Not Yet Completed:
• Lake/Fishing lagoon
• Sports complex

• Executive golf course
• Additional entry/exit (2)
• Family campground
• Group campground (and overflow area)
• RV park
• Botanical display
• Conference / education center / overnight lodge
• Interior roadways with picnic/scenic stops
• Trails (some)
• Land acquisition (some)
Eliminated from further consideration:
• Convenience store
• Ranger station as living quarters
• Model airplane site
• Shooting range
• Swimming pool
Develop New Facilities
A2 North park Brine wetlands: 30-40 acres as designated via High n/a
and Golf Parks/Goodyear/BOR partnership. May include a 3-5 acre
Course blending pond at east turf area. May include service roads and
berms. Additional public meetings or input may be required.
A3 Gila River As a cooperative effort with Flood Control District of Maricopa High n/a
corridor County, City of Goodyear, City of Avondale, and others, to
implement the El Rio Watercourse Master Plan and related
documents or projects for riverbed restoration and recreation
elements. Additional public meetings or input may be required
on a project by project basis.
Maintain/Rehabilitate Existing Facilities
A4 Super Continue with planned improvements and equipment High n/a
Playground upgrades.
A5 Park-wide Annual/routine maintenance High n/a
A6 Restrooms Renovate existing restrooms and/or construct new restrooms. High n/a
Demolish crumbling restrooms (#1 and #6) and replace with
new or expanded restrooms in an area with greater need (area
of greater need is TBD pending other improvements).
A7 Near Super Shade from sun damage and screen pumping station area from Medium n/a
Playground visitors view.
Administrative
A8 Park-wide The park shall continue to engage with and build upon past High n/a
success with Citizens for Estrella Mountain Park. The park
should also seek out their assistance for minor park
improvements, educational events, and park advocacy when
appropriate.
A9 Park-wide Develop and improve relationships with volunteer base for trail High n/a
maintenance and other park projects.
7.2.2 Draft Alternative B: Maximum improvement opportunities
Alternative B begins with acknowledging the park’s existing facilities and recommends distinctive
improvements and effectively eliminates the remainder of the 1988 Master Plan recommendations.

One key focus of this alternative is development of approximately 55 acres of multi-purpose fields/open
space area east of the park entrance that will be partner-operated by Estrella Youth Sports (EYS) and
open for public use when not reserved for EYS member teams. This alternative is responsive to public
and stakeholder input to provide an open grass area; will increase a community need for youth sports
fields; and will create a destination point for park visitors. Revenue derived from field reservations will
provide a new funding source that will allow the park to complete other facility upgrades, program
enhancements, and resource protection efforts described herein.
Alternative B also recommends that the park divest itself of the rodeo arena infrastructure and
repurpose the area with another recreational activity (most likely RV camping) that provides self-
sustaining revenue that is acceptable under R&PP requirements. Care shall be taken to incorporate
horse rental concessionaire needs and facilities into any redevelopment of this area.
Additional recommendations include: additional upgrades at the Super Playground; utility upgrades; a
new amphitheater and entry signage; and various trail and trailhead improvements. No parking signs on
the Vineyard Avenue and the Vineyard Avenue curve will be recommended to MCDOT and/or City of
Goodyear for installation.
This option also focuses on resource protection measures such as returning as much former turf grass
not in use for sports fields or near ramadas back to native vegetation to the extent possible. A tree
replacement program; additional wildlife studies; and lightscape management are also components of
this alternative.

Figure 7-3: Draft Alternative B (entire park)

Figure 7-4: Draft Alternative B (north area close-up)
Table 7-3: Draft Alternative B
ID# Location Description Priority Acres of
new ground
disturbance
(Approx)
B1 Existing park features including:
Nature Center
Maintenance Compound
Host Sites
Super Playground
Ramadas
Restrooms
Trails / Trailheads
Horse rental area
Comp Track
Golf course
Navy Area
Ball fields
Maintain/Rehabilitate Existing Facilities
B2 Super Continue with planned improvements and equipment High n/a
Playground upgrades. Install interpretive signage.

B3 Gila River Install “no parking” signage at curve in road and roadsides. High n/a
corridor (Legal parking is located at Plant Research Trail parking lot.)
B4 Park-wide Domestic water main replacement to stabilize water High n/a
distribution.
B5 Ramadas Renovate existing or develop new ramadas to include updated High n/a
electrical and water.
B6 Restrooms Renovate existing restrooms and/or construct new restrooms. High n/a
Demolish crumbling restrooms (#1 and #6) and replace with
new or expanded restrooms in an area with greater need
(area of greater need is TBD pending other improvements).
B7 Park-wide Explore costs and feasibility of sewer hookup to City of High n/a
Goodyear and/or expanding and replacing existing septic
systems.
B8 Roads Existing roads: Maintenance is on a routine schedule and High n/a
should be coordinated with other park upgrades to minimize
impacts to park visitors. MCDOT repairs the major roads
within the park.
B9 Ball Fields Renovate existing ballfields: includes improvements to turf, Medium n/a
restroom, fencing, lighting, existing parking. (Phase 1 of EYS
plan)
B10 Near Super Screen pumping station area from visitors view. This will also Medium n/a
Playground protect the machinery from sun damage.
B11 Navy Areas Realign approximately 4 acres of picnic area to include both Medium n/a
ramadas and open picnic tables. Use desert landscaping and
pathways/roads to define area. Replace worn or broken grills
and fire pits. Day uses only; no overnight use.
Develop New Facilities
B12 Near Nature New amphitheater constructed near nature center Medium n/a
Center (approximately 75x75 square feet). To include a trail or
pathway from nature center to site; distance of this
trail/pathway may vary depending on final location of
amphitheater.
B13 Turf area Install up to 8 multipurpose sports fields/open space; final Medium n/a
number dependent on market demand and needs
assessment. (Phase 2 of EYS plan)
B14 Trails Centennial Trail – install trail just behind Nature Center; to Medium n/a
feature barrier-free and pedestrian only access; may include
public art, interpretive panels, or other trail amenities.
B15 Trails Install a Maricopa Trail connection near the existing Medium tbd
Competitive Track. This trail will be built in cooperation with
the Maricopa Trail and MCPRD trails crew.
B16 Trails Provide a peak view trail: A trail that spurs off of the Medium tbd
Rainbow/Toothaker/Dysart trails will provide a peak view and
be located within a distance that most hikers can travel in a
couple hours round-trip and remain close to existing facilities.
B17 Trails Design, build, and incorporate more challenging trails for both Medium tbd
mountain bikers and hikers alike (akin to National and
Mormon Trails at South Mountain). May require Trail
Maintenance Manual update prior to instigating design
and/or implementation as well as following the trail planning
process for new trail development.

B18 North park Brine wetlands: 30-40 acres as designated via Medium n/a
and golf Parks/Goodyear/BOR partnership. May include a 3-5 acre
course blending pond at east turf area. May include service roads and
berms. Additional public meetings or input may be required.
B19 Gila River As a cooperative effort with Flood Control District of Maricopa Medium tbd
corridor County, City of Goodyear, City of Avondale, and others, to
implement the El Rio Watercourse Master Plan and related
documents or projects for riverbed restoration and recreation
elements. Additional public meetings or input may be
required on a project by project basis.
B20 Roads New roads and upgrades: Future road improvements may Medium tbd
include: expand entrance lane widths; bicycle lane installation;
improving dips; etc., scenic loop/pullouts; loops to ramadas,
picnic areas, or campgrounds; road to competitive track.
Additionally, recommendations from the MCDOT park
roadway evaluation (Sept. 2015) regarding the Estrella
Parkway and Vineyard Ave intersection will be forwarded to
the City of Goodyear for their consideration.
B21 Trails Design a looped trail around main, northern area of park; Medium tbd
repurpose remnants of old perimeter road to the extent
possible with the final alignment to be compatible with the
proposed wetlands and sports field layouts.
B22 Quail Develop trailhead: kiosk map and trail information and Medium 0.004
Trailhead educational materials; designated path from nature center,
public art, defined parking and crosswalk, trim/landscape
vegetation. Define the overlook with kiosk or educational
materials and seating. Rename trail to reflect overlook
destination.
B23 Trails Install additional signage at trailheads, trail mileage signs, and Medium n/a
interpretive signs along trails.
B24 Primitive A basic, walk-in style camping area. To include defined Medium 0.05
Camping individual tent pads, grill or fire ring, and a restroom if (approx. per
Area feasible. The precise location will be determined based on a site)
future engineering analysis and access considerations.
Install small, modest cabins at the approximately 5.1 acre site
Amphitheate that currently serves as an amphitheater. May include pre-
B25 Medium n/a
r fabricated cabins that provide kitchenette and HVAC. A
centralized restroom/shower area may be provided.
Secondary entrance point with entry station near existing
gate(s) on 143rd Ave. This entrance is associated with
B26 Access Medium 0.15+
campground development or as a relief entrance/exit point to
sports field use.
Develop trailhead, may include: kiosk map and educational
Baseline materials; public art, trim/landscape vegetation.
B27 Medium 0.2+
Trailhead Consider relocating trailhead (dependent on EYS level of
activity) or define parking and crosswalk for trailhead access.
Upgraded staging area - features may include: technical trail
(already in trails plan as comp track expansion), pump track,
B28 Comp. Track Maricopa Trail connection, restroom, water, shade, improved Medium n/a
entry and kiosk signage. Note that the consideration of trail
reroutes out of sandy wash areas are implemented via the

trails plan process.
Multipurpose and ballfield expansion and support facilities (to
B29 Turf Area include clubhouse, batting cages, sand volleyball, ADA Medium n/a
ballfield, parking etc.). (Phases 2 through 5 of EYS plan.)
B30 Main Create a highly visible park entrance monument. Medium 0.0014
Entrance
B31 Trails Included in 2012 Trails Plan and reiterated by Master Plan Low tbd
Update: backcountry trail at elevation (consult with AZGFD to
determine trail alignment).
B32 Trails/ Included in 2012 Trails Plan and reiterated by this Master Plan Low tbd
Roads Update, provide a connector trail to competitive track. If the
need arises, this may be upgraded to an improved road
instead of a trail; improved roadways require MCDOT
consultation and assistance. (This trail or road may facilitate
“B24” by opening certain areas to primitive or basic tent
camping.)
B33 Equestrian Corral or site(s) with space to assemble own corral: Campers Low n/a
camping who bring horses with them require a corral or corral space to
site(s) allow horses untethered resting and overnight sleeping space.
The park will identify and provide adequate space (16x16
square foot or 0.0118 acre minimum) adjacent to one or two
campsites for a camper to assemble their own corral; based
on demand, this may include constructing a permanent corral
at the same camp site(s) sized 16x16 square foot minimum.
This will provide an additional recreational opportunity to
those who prefer to camp with horses.
B34 Near Nature Install an approximately 0.021 acre Monarch waystation Low n/a
Center butterfly garden near nature center. Collaborate with
knowledgeable entities regarding plant varieties and garden
layout.
Formal entrance at south park boundary to coincide with City
of Goodyear’s planned arterial roadways. To include entry
B35 Access Low tbd
station, trail connections, ramada area, or other desired
amenities.
Additional access points desired by City of Goodyear or other
entities will follow the process of the access matrix protocol
B36 Access Low tbd
for final determination and placement. The access matrix
protocol may require additional public meetings.
B37 TBD Rope-course adventure area or zipline. Low tbd
Super
B38 Splash pad. Improved parking. Low tbd
Playground
Resource Protection
B39 Park-wide Mixed-use conflict (requires study): High n/a
Research is needed to determine the level of each type of use,
the expectations for that use type, ways the park may lessen
potential conflicts in order to improve the visitor’s
experiences, and impacts of use. These studies may be
performed by MCPRD staff or with the assistance of an
educational institution or other knowledgeable entities.
Research methods may include visitor survey, field
monitoring, literature review, aerial photography comparison,

or other methods.
B40 Park-wide Capacity - social, physical, environmental (requires study): High n/a
As the most popular places in the park, these areas play host
to hikers, bikers, picnickers, and others; differing activities
may expect different experiences which may be in conflict
with other uses. Likewise, a study is needed to determine how
much use or how many people a given area can handle before
the experience is degraded or the environment is degraded.
B41 Turf Area Replace remaining turf areas with native desert vegetation, High n/a
where appropriate.
B42 Developed Create and implement a tree replacement plan and program. High n/a
Areas Use flood irrigation for trees to the extent possible.
B43 Park-wide Develop a Lightscape Management Plan that will outline the High n/a
park’s commitment to dark skies conservation and its
lightscape management practices. The park will develop this
plan using “International Dark-Sky Association, Dark Sky Park
Program Criteria” as its guideline.
B44 Park-wide Develop a plan for conducting a species inventory/census with High n/a
the advice and guidance of AZGFD or other knowledgeable
entities. Once survey work is complete, this knowledge will
assist the park in managing its biodiversity.
B45 Park-wide Protect and/or restore park natural and cultural resources via High n/a
surveys, inventories, or studies from qualified institutions per
Department standards.
Education/Interpretation
B46 Park-wide Encourage educational components related to water High n/a
resources, habitat or other natural systems, and cultural and
historic resources into park programs, interpretive signage, or
other displays.
Administrative
B47 Park-wide Develop and improve relationships with Volunteer base for High n/a
trail maintenance and other park projects.
B48 Park-wide The park shall continue to engage with and build upon past High n/a
success with Citizens for Estrella Mountain Park. The park
should also seek out their assistance for minor park
improvements, educational events, and park advocacy when
appropriate.
B49 Rodeo Arena The park will divest itself of the rodeo arena and repurpose Medium n/a
the area with another recreational activity that provides self-
sustaining revenue. Care shall be taken to incorporate horse
rental concessionaire needs and facilities into any
redevelopment of this area.
This area will most likely include RV camping (approx. 12.5
acres) and provide horse rentals and an equestrian staging
area at western-most portion of area (approx. 2.5 acres).
Trailhead access near eastern-most portion of area near
existing ramada (approx. 0.5 acres). The existing building with
restroom will be retained and/or remodeled to the extent
feasible. A green space with landscaping and picnic tables will
be used a buffer between equestrian area and RV camping

area.
Entrance from the Indian Springs Road access point.
B50 Coldwater Partnered with “B49” above, establish this clearing as a Medium n/a
trailhead with restroom if feasible. To enter discussions with
MCDOT to improve road access; to also offer roadside pullouts
for picnicking and/or tent camping.
B51 Park-wide The park shall continue to engage with the Cities of Avondale Low n/a
and Goodyear, Arizona Game and Fish Department (as well as
with other appropriate agencies) to develop potential
partnerships. As adjacent land use designations change, it’s
critical to form these partnerships early.
B52 Trails Install air pump stations for bikes at key trailhead locations Low n/a