Fire Local Amendments

RESOLUTION R23-05-10 EXHIBIT 
Proposed 2018 International Fire Code 
Local Amendments 
1. City of El Mirage and El Mirage Fire Department shall adopt the most recent Editions of the National Fire 
Codes and Standards published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) as referenced in Chapter 
80 of the International Fire Code 2018 edition and the most recent addition of the NFPA 101 Life Safety 
Code, together with all updates, changes, and errata to those codes as adopted by NFPA as published. 
 
2. The International Fire Code, 2018 Edition is adopted in its entirety including appendices except as hereby 
amended: 
 
Fire Code Chapter 1 Scope and Administration 
 
 
101.1 Title. 
 
[Amendment] 
101.1 Title. This regulation shall be known as the El Mirage Fire Code, may be cited as such and will be 
referred to herein as “this Code”. 
 
 
104.10 Fire Investigations. 
 
[Amendment] 
104.10 Fire Investigations. The Fire Code Official shall have the authority to investigate the cause, origin 
and circumstance of each fire occurring in the jurisdiction involving loss of life or injury to a person or 
destruction property or damage to property. If it appears to the Fire Investigator that such fire is of 
suspicious origin, the Fire Investigator shall notify the appropriate law enforcement agency and shall 
secure the site until the law enforcement agency takes control of the site. Then, the Fire Investigator shall 
continue to pursue the investigation to its conclusion. Information that could be related to trade secrets or 
processes shall not be made part of the public record unless directed by a court of law. 
 
106.2 Schedule of Permit Fees. 
 
[Amendment] 
106.2 Schedule of Permit Fees. The Fire Code Official is authorized to collect fees established by resolution 
of the City of El Mirage Council or pursuant to the Code of the City of El Mirage. 
 
105.6.30 Mobile Food Preparation Vehicles. 
 
[Amendment] 
105.6.30 Mobile Food Preparation Vehicles. An annual inspection and permit shall be required for all 
mobile food preparation vehicles or trailers operating within the City of El Mirage for any public or private 
activity.

109 Board of Appeals 
 
[Amendment] 
109.1 Board of Appeals Established. In order to hear and decide appeals of orders, decisions, or 
determinations made by the fire code official relative to the application and interpretation of this code, 
there shall be and is hereby created a board of appeals. The board of appeals shall follow currently 
adopted City of El Mirage Codes relating to the Administrative Appeal process. 
 
110.4 Violation penalties. 
 
[Amendment] 
110.4 Violation Penalties. Persons who shall violate a provision of this code or shall fail to comply with any 
of the requirements thereof or who shall erect, install, alter, repair or do work in violation of the approved 
construction documents or directive of the fire code official, or of a permit or certificate used under 
provisions of this code, shall be guilty of a Civil or Criminal offense as defined by Arizona State Law. Each 
day any violation of any provision of this code or of any ordinance shall continue may constitute a separate 
offense. 
 
112.4 Failure to comply. 
 
[Amendment] 
111.4 Failure to Comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with a stop 
work or operations order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or 
unsafe condition, shall be assessed a fee in accordance with the fees established by City of El Mirage. 
 
Fire Code Chapter 2 Definitions 
 
[Amendment] Additional Definitions 
 
ASSISTED LIVING FACILITY - A residential care institution, including adult foster care, that provides or 
contracts to provide supervisory care services, personal care services or directed care services on a 
continuing basis. 
 
ASSISTED LIVING HOME - An assisted living facility, that provides resident rooms to ten or fewer residents. 
 
ATTENDANT - A person knowledgeable in the use of portable fire extinguishers, whose duty it is to 
maintain fire safety measures during public or private events, as prescribed. 
 
AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION - The City of El Mirage Fire Code Official, Fire Marshal, or their 
designated representative. 
 
CHIEF OF THE DIVISION OF FIRE PREVENTION - The Fire Marshal or delegates. 
DIVISION OF FIRE PREVENTION - The Fire Marshal’s Office.

DRIVE LENGTH - The distance from the driveway entrance from a public way to the structure measured in 
feet. 
 
GRADE - The degree of inclination of a slope, road, or other surface (see slope). 
 
HORIZONTAL STANDPIPE - Approved water supply piping that extends the source of water to remote 
locations around the exterior or interior of a structure. 
 
RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLER SYSTEM – shall be installed in accordance to NFPA 13D Sprinkler Standard - In 
addition sprinkler heads shall be installed in enclosed patios and porches, hidden combustible spaces, 
attics, enclosed spaces under egress stairways, and in garages. 
 
PERMANENT ALL WEATHER SURFACE (PAWS) - A road surface made up of approved materials compacted 
to 90% with side containment, and capable of supporting fire apparatus vehicles in excess of 75,000-pound 
gross vehicle weight (GVW) under any weather condition. The permanent all-weather surfaces shall be 
maintained by the property owner for intended use by the fire department. 
 
SLOPE - The ground, road or other surface that forms a natural or artificial incline. The percentage of slope 
is determined by dividing the rise by the horizontal run multiplied by 100 [% slope = (Rise/Run) X 100]. 
 
Fire Code Chapter 5 Fire Service Features 
 
503.3 Marking 
 
[Amendment] 
503.3 Marking. Where required by the by the fire code official, approved signs or other approved notices 
or markings that include the words NO PARKING – FIRE LANE shall be provided for fire apparatus access 
roads to identify such roads and prohibit the obstruction thereof. This means by which fire lanes are 
designated shall always be maintained in a clean and legible condition at all times and be replace or 
repaired when necessary to provide adequate visibility. Reference Appendix O Signage – for all 
specifications and requirements for required signage. 
 
503.6 Security Gates 
 
[Amendment] Add new section 
503.6.1 Gated residential and commercial properties. Gates installed on designated fire apparatus access 
roads serving residential and commercial gated main entrances, and where required by the Fire Code 
Official, shall be electrically controlled for opening and closing. The gate(s) shall be provided with approved 
preemption control device, Knox key switch, and a manual gate release approved by the Fire Code Official. 
 
Manual or electric gates at locations other than the main entrance shall be equipped with a Knox key 
switch, manual release, or a Knox lock as applicable. Existing gates at main entry gates and where required, 
shall be upgraded to include electric preemption equipment, as required, within one year of the effective 
date of this code.

505.1.1 
 
[Amendment] Add new section 
505.1.1 Commercial Premise Identification. In commercial locations where there are more than one 
individual commercial space and there is fire apparatus access to the front and back of the structure, the 
following requirements shall apply. 
1. The tenant space identification letter or number shall be displayed on or above the front main 
entry to the space. 
2. The tenant space identification letter or number shall be displayed on or above the rear entry 
to the space. 
 
Fire Code Chapter 9 Fire and Life Safety Systems 
 
903 Automatic Sprinkler Systems 
 
[Amendment] 
903.2 Where Required. Approved automatic sprinkler systems in new buildings and structures shall be 
provided in the locations described in sections 903.2.1 through 903.2.12. Where any new commercial 
building or structure, commonly referred to as a “shell building” is constructed with an unknown 
occupancy or hazard classification identified, and could accommodate storage above 12 feet in height, the 
automatic sprinkler system shall be designed with a minimum density area of 0.60 gpm per ft2. 
 
Existing buildings, structures and occupancies will not require retrofitting fire sprinkler systems to current 
code standards unless required by IEBC or as noted below: 
 
1. Occupant load is increased without increasing square footage. 
2. Occupancy classification is changed to a higher hazard 
3. Building fire resistance rating is decreased. 
4. Original building footprint (square footage) is increased 50% or more 
 
[Amendment] Add new section 
903.3.5.3 Automatic Sprinkler Riser Access – Automatic sprinkler risers on new commercial structures 
shall be installed inside of the building with an exterior door leading directly into the room or area 
containing the automatic sprinkler riser and controls. 
 
Exception: An exterior door may not be required by the Fire Code Official when an approved alternate 
method of access to the automatic sprinkler riser is provided. 
 
Fire Code Chapter 11 Construction Requirements for Existing Buildings 
 
[Amendment] 
1101.4.1 Construction Documents. Construction documents necessary to comply with this chapter shall be 
completed and submitted per City of El Mirage adopted planning and zoning ordinances.

Fire Code Chapter 12 Energy Systems 
 
Replace existing Chapter 12 with the following below.

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS 
 
 
CHAPTER 12 
ENERGY SYSTEMS 
 
User note: 
About this chapter: Chapter 12 was added to address the current energy systems found in this code and is provided for the introduction of a 
wide range of systems to generate and store energy in, on and adjacent to buildings and facilities. The expansion of such energy systems is 
related to meeting today's energy, environmental and economic challenges. Ensuring appropriate criteria to address the safety of such systems 
in building and fire codes is an important part of protecting the public at large, building occupants and emergency responders. More specifically, 
this chapter addresses standby and emergency power, photovoltaic systems, fuel cell energy systems, battery storage systems and 
capacitor energy storage. 
 
 
 
SECTION 1201 
GENERAL 
1201.1 Scope. *The provisions of this chapter shall 
apply to the installation, operation and maintenance of 
energy systems used for generating or storing energy. 
1201.2 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical 
wiring and equipment used in connection with energy 
systems shall be installed and maintained in accordance 
with Chapter 12 and NFPA 70. 
1201.3 Mixed system installation. Where approved, 
the aggregate kWh energy in a fire area shall not exceed 
the maximum quantity specified for any of the energy 
systems in this chapter. Where required by the fire code 
official, a hazard mitigation analysis shall be provided 
and approved in accordance with Section 104.7.2 to 
evaluate any potential adverse interaction between the 
various energy systems and technologies. 
 
SECTION 1202 
DEFINITIONS 
1202.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in 
Chapter 2: 
BATTERY SYSTEM, STATIONARY STORAGE. 
BATTERY TYPES. 
LEAD-ACID BATTERY. 
CAPACITOR ARRAY. 
CAPACITOR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM. 
CRITICAL CIRCUIT. 
EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEM. 
ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. 
FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEM, STATIONARY. 
STANDBY POWER SYSTEM. 
STATIONARY BATTERY ARRAY. 
STATIONARY FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEM. 
 
SECTION 1203 
EMERGENCY AND STANDBY POWER 
SYSTEMS 
1203.1 General. Emergency power systems and standby 
power systems required by this code, or the 
International Building Code shall comply with Sections 
1203.1.1 through1203.1.9. 
 
1203.1.1 Stationary generators. Stationary emergency 
and standby power generators required by this code 
shall be listed in accordance with UL 2200. Associated 
flammable or combustible liquid tanks shall also comply 
with Chapters 50 and 57. 
1203.1.2 Fuel line piping protection. Fuel lines 
supplying a generator set inside a high-rise building 
shall be separated from areas of the building other 
than the room the generator is in by an approved 
method, or an assembly that has a fire- resistance 
rating of not less than 2 hours. Where the building is 
protected throughout with an automatic sprinkler 
system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, 
the required fire-resistance rating shall be reduced to 
1 hour. 
1203.1.3 Installation. Emergency power systems and 
standby power systems shall be installed in 
accordance with the International Building Code, 
NFPA 70, NFPA 110 and NFPA 111. 
1203.1.4 Load transfer. Emergency power systems 
shall automatically provide secondary power within 
10 seconds after primary power is lost, unless 
specified otherwise in this code. Standby power 
systems shall automatically provide secondary power 
within 60 seconds after primary power is lost, unless 
specified otherwise in this code. 
1203.1.5 Load duration. Emergency power systems 
and standby power systems shall be designed to 
provide the required power for a minimum duration 
of 2 hours without being refueled or recharged, 
unless specified otherwise in this code. 
1203.1.6 Uninterruptable power source. An 
uninterrupted source of power shall be provided for 
equipment where required by the manufacturer’s 
instructions, the listing, this code, or applicable 
referenced standards. 
1203.1.7 Interchangeability. Emergency power 
systems shall be an acceptable alternative for 
installations that require standby power systems. 
1203.1.8 Group I-2 occupancies. In Group I-2 
occupancies located in flood hazard areas established

in Section 1612.3 of the International Building Code 
and where new or replacement essential electrical 
systems are installed and where new essential 
electrical system generators are installed, the systems 
and generators shall be located and installed in 
accordance with ASCE 24. Where connections for 
hook up of temporary generators are provided, the 
connections shall be located at or above the elevation 
required in ASCE 24. 
1203.1.9 Maintenance. Existing installations shall be 
maintained in accordance with the original approval 
and Section 1203.4. 
1203.2 Where required. Emergency and standby power 
systems shall be provided where required by Sections 
1203.2.1 through 1203.2.18. 
1203.2.1 Ambulatory care facilities. Essential 
electrical systems for ambulatory care facilities shall 
be in accordance with Section 422.6 of the 
International Building Code. 
1203.2.2 Elevators and platform lifts. Standby power 
shall be provided for elevators and platform lifts as 
required in Sections 606.2, 1009.4.1, and 1009.5. 
1203.2.3 Emergency responder radio coverage 
systems. Standby power shall be provided for 
emergency responder radio coverage systems as 
required in Section 510.4.2.3. The standby power 
supply shall be capable of operating the emergency 
responder radio coverage system for a duration of not 
less than 24 hours. 
1203.2.4 Emergency voice/alarm communication 
systems. emergency power shall be provided for 
emergency voice/alarm communication systems as 
required in Section 907.5.2.2.5. The system shall be 
capable of powering the required load for a duration 
of not less than 24 hours, as required in NFPA 72. 
1203.2.5 Exit signs. Emergency power shall be 
provided for exit signs as required in Section 1013.6.3. 
The system shall be capable of powering the required 
load for a duration of not less than 90 minutes. 
1203.2.6 Gas detection systems. Emergency power 
shall be provided for gas detection systems where 
required by Sections 1203.2.9 and 1203.2.16. Standby 
power shall be provided for gas detection systems 
where required by Section 916.5. 
1203.2.7 Group I-2 occupancies. Essential electrical 
systems for Group I-2 occupancies shall be in 
accordance with Section 407.11 of the International 
Building Code. 
1203.2.8 Group I-3 occupancies. Power-operated 
sliding doors or power-operated locks for swinging 
doors in Group I-3 occupancies shall be operable by a 
manual release mechanism at the door. Emergency 
power shall be provided for the doors and locks. 
Exceptions: 
1. Emergency power is not required in facilities 
where provisions for remote locking and 
unlocking of occupied rooms in Occupancy 
Condition 4 are not required as set forth in the 
International Building Code. 
2. Emergency power is not required where remote 
mechanical operating releases are provided. 
1203.2.9 Hazardous materials. Emergency and 
standby power shall be provided in occupancies with 
hazardous materials as required in the following 
sections: 1. Sections 5004.7 and 5005.1.5 for 
hazardous materials. 2. Sections 6004.2.2.8 and 
6004.3.4.2 for highly toxic and toxic gases. 3. Section 
6204.1.11 for organic peroxides. 
1203.2.10 High-rise buildings. Standby power and 
emergency power shall be provided for high-rise 
buildings as required in Section 403 of the 
International Building Code and shall be in accordance 
with Section 1203. 
1203.2.11 Horizontal sliding doors. Standby power 
shall be provided for horizontal sliding doors as 
required in Section 1010.1.4.3. The standby power 
supply shall have a capacity to operate not fewer than 
50 closing cycles of the door. 
1203.2.12 Hydrogen fuel gas rooms. Standby power 
shall be provided for hydrogen fuel gas rooms as 
required by Section 5808.7. 
1203.2.13 Laboratory suites. Standby or emergency 
power shall be provided in accordance with Section 
5004.7 where laboratory suites are located above the 
sixth story above grade plane or located in a story 
below grade plane. 
1203.2.14 Means of egress illumination. Emergency 
power shall be provided for means of egress 
illumination in accordance with Sections 1008.3 and 
1104.5.1. 
1203.2.15 Membrane structures. Standby power 
shall be provided for auxiliary inflation systems in 
permanent membrane structures in accordance with 
Section 2702 of the International Building Code. 
Auxiliary inflation systems shall be provided in 
temporary air-supported and air inflated membrane 
structures in accordance with Section 3103.10.4. 
1203.2.16 Semiconductor fabrication facilities. 
Emergency power shall be provided for 
semiconductor fabrication facilities as required in 
Section 2703.15. 
1203.2.17 Smoke control systems. Standby power 
shall be provided for smoke control systems as 
required in Section 909.11.

1203.2.18 Underground buildings. Emergency and 
standby power shall be provided in underground 
buildings as required in Section 405 of the 
International Building Code and shall be in accordance 
with Section 1203. 
1203.2.19 Connected facilities. Power and lighting 
facilities or the fire command center and elevators 
specified in Sections 403.4.8.2 and 403.6 of the 
International Building Code, as applicable, and 
electrically powered fire pumps required to maintain 
pressure, shall be transferable to the standby source. 
Standby power shall be provided for at least one 
elevator to serve all floors and be transferable to any 
elevator. 
1203.3 Critical circuits. Cables used for survivability of 
required critical circuits shall be listed in accordance 
with UL 2196. Electrical circuit protective systems shall 
be installed in accordance with their listing 
requirements. 
1203.4 Maintenance. Emergency and standby power 
systems shall be maintained in accordance with NFPA 
110 and NFPA 111 such that the system is capable of 
supplying service within the time specified for the type 
and duration required. 
1203.4.1 Group I-2. In Group I-2 occupancies, 
emergency and standby power systems shall be 
maintained in accordance with NFPA 99. 
1203.4.2 Schedule. Inspection, testing and 
maintenance of emergency and standby power 
systems shall be in accordance with an approved 
schedule established upon completion and approval 
of the system installation. 
1203.4.3 Records. Records of the inspection, testing 
and maintenance of emergency and standby power 
systems shall include the date of service, name of the 
servicing technician, a summary of conditions noted 
and a detailed description of any conditions requiring 
correction and what corrective action was taken. Such 
records shall be maintained. 
1203.4.4 Switch maintenance. Emergency and 
standby power system transfer switches shall be 
included in the inspection, testing and maintenance 
schedule required by Section 1203.4.2. Transfer 
switches shall be maintained free from accumulated 
dust and dirt. Inspection shall include examination of 
the transfer switch contacts for evidence of 
deterioration. When evidence of contact 
deterioration is detected, the contacts shall be 
replaced in accordance with the transfer switch 
manufacturer’s instructions. 
1203.5 Operational inspection and testing. Emergency 
power systems, including all appurtenant components, 
shall be inspected and tested under load in accordance 
with NFPA 110 and NFPA 111. 
Exception: Where the emergency power system is 
used for standby power or peak load shaving, such 
use shall be recorded and shall be allowed to be 
substituted for scheduled testing of the generator set, 
provided that appropriate records are maintained. 
1203.5.1 Group I-2. In Group I-2 occupancies, 
emergency and standby power systems shall be 
inspected and tested under load in accordance with 
NFPA 99. 
1203.5.2 Transfer switch test. The test of the transfer 
switch shall consist of electrically operating the 
transfer switch from the normal position to the 
alternate position and then return to the normal 
position. 
1203.6 Supervision of maintenance and testing. 
Routine maintenance, inspection and operational 
testing shall be overseen by a properly instructed 
individual. 
 
 
SECTION 1204 
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS 
1204.1 General. Solar photovoltaic systems shall be 
installed in accordance with Sections 1204.2 through 
1204.5, and the International Building Code or 
International Residential Code. The electrical portion of 
solar PV systems shall be installed in accordance with 
NFPA 70. 
1204.1.1 Permits. Permits shall be obtained for solar 
voltaic systems in accordance with Section 105.7.21 
Exception: Solar photovoltaic systems with less than 3 
kW alternating current nameplate rating. 
1204.1.2 Marking. Marking is required on interior 
and exterior direct-current (DC) conduit, enclosures, 
race- ways, cable assemblies, junction boxes, 
combiner boxes and disconnects. 
1204.1.2.1 Materials. The materials used for 
marking shall be reflective, weather resistant and 
suitable for the environment. Marking as 
required in Sections 1204.1.2 through 1204.1.6 shall 
have all letters capitalized with a minimum height 
of 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) white on red background. 
1204.1.2.2 Marking content. The marking shall 
contain the words “WARNING: PHOTOVOLTAIC 
POWER SOURCE.” 
1204.1.2.3 Main service disconnect. The marking 
shall be placed adjacent to the main service 
disconnect in a location clearly visible from the 
location where the disconnect is operated. 
1204.1.3 
Location of marking. Marking shall be

placed on interior and exterior DC conduit, raceways, 
enclosures, and cable assemblies every 10 feet (3048 
mm), within 1 foot (305 mm) of turns or bends and 
within 1 foot (305 mm) above and below penetrations 
of roof/ceiling assemblies, walls or barriers. 
1204.2 Access and pathways. Roof access, pathways, 
and spacing requirements shall be provided in 
accordance with Sections 1204.2.1 through 1204.3.3. 
Pathways shall be over areas capable of supporting 
fire fighters accessing the roof. Pathways shall be 
located in areas with minimal obstructions, such as 
vent pipes, conduit or mechanical equipment. 
Residential structures shall be designed so that each 
photovoltaic array is not greater than 150 feet (45 
720 mm) by 150 feet (45 720 mm) in either axis. 
Exception: 
1. Detached, nonhabitable Group U structures 
including, but not limited to, detached garages 
serving Group R-3 buildings, parking shade 
structures, carports, solar trellises, and similar 
structures. 
1204.2.1 Solar photovoltaic systems for Group R-3 
buildings. Solar photovoltaic systems for Group R-3 
buildings shall comply with Sections 1204.2.1.1 
through 1204.2.1.3. 
 
1204.2.1.1 Pathways to ridge. Not fewer than two 
36 inch- wide (914 mm) pathways on separate roof 
planes, from lowest roof edge to ridge, shall be 
provided on all buildings. Not fewer than one 
pathway shall be provided on the street or driveway 
side of the roof. For each roof plane with a 
photovoltaic array, not fewer than one 36-inch- 
wide (914 mm) pathway from lowest roof edge to 
ridge shall be provided on the same roof plane as 
the photovoltaic array, on an adjacent roof plane or 
straddling the same and adjacent roof planes. 
1204.2.1.2 Setbacks at ridge. For photovoltaic 
arrays occupying 33 percent or less of the plan view 
total roof area, a setback of not less than 18 inches 
(457 mm) wide is required on both sides of a 
horizontal ridge. For photovoltaic arrays occupying 
more than 33 percent of the plan view total roof 
area, a setback of not less than 36 inches (457 mm) 
wide is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge. 
1204.2.1.3 Alternative setbacks at ridge. Where an 
automatic sprinkler system is installed within the 
dwelling in accordance with Section 903.3.1.3, 
setbacks at the ridge 
shall conform to one of the following: 
 
1. For photovoltaic arrays occupying 66 
percent or less of the plan view total roof area, 
a setback of not less than 18 inches (457 mm) 
wide is required on both sides of a horizontal 
ridge. 
2. For photovoltaic arrays occupying more than 
66 percent of the plan view total roof area, a 
setback of not less than 36 inches (914 mm) 
wide is required on both sides of a horizontal 
ridge. 
Exception: This requirement shall not apply to 
roofs with slopes of two units vertical in 12 units 
horizontal (2:12) or less. 
1204.2.2 Emergency escape and rescue openings. 
Panels and modules installed on Group R-3 buildings 
shall not be placed on the portion of a roof that is 
below an emergency escape and rescue opening. A 
pathway of not less than 36 inches (914 mm) wide 
shall be provided to the emergency escape and rescue 
opening. 
1204.3 Other than Group R-3 buildings. Access to 
systems for buildings, other than those containing 
Group R-3 occupancies, shall be provided in accordance 
with Sections 1204.3.1 through 1204.3.3. 
Exception: Where it is determined by the fire code 
official that the roof configuration is similar to that of 
a Group R-3 occupancy, the residential access and 
ventilation requirements in Sections 1204.2.1.1 
through 1204.2.1.3 are a suitable alternative. 
1204.3.1 Perimeter pathways. There shall be a 
minimum 6-foot-wide (1829 mm) clear perimeter 
around the edges of the roof. 
Exception: Where either axis of the building is 250 
feet (76 200 mm) or less, the clear perimeter 
around the edges of the roof shall be permitted to 
be reduced to a minimum width of 4 feet (1219 
mm). 
1204.3.2 Interior pathways. Interior pathways shall 
be provided between array sections to meet the 
following requirements: 
1. Pathways shall be provided at intervals not 
greater than 150 feet (45 720 mm) throughout 
the length and width of the roof. 
2. A pathway not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) wide 
in a straight line to roof standpipes or 
ventilation hatches. 
3. A pathway not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) wide 
around roof access hatches, with not fewer 
than one such pathway to a parapet or roof 
edge. 
*4. The pathway shall be over areas capable of 
supporting the live load of firefighters 
accessing the roof.

*5. The centerline axis pathways shall be pro- 
vided in both axes of the roof. Centerline axis 
pathways shall run where the roof structure is 
capable of supporting the live load of fire 
fighters accessing the roof. 
1204.3.3 Smoke ventilation. The solar installation 
shall be designed to meet the following requirements: 
1. Where nongravity-operated smoke and heat 
vents occur, a pathway not less than 4 feet 
(1219 mm) wide shall be provided bordering 
all sides. 
2. Smoke ventilation options between array 
sections shall be one of the following: 
2.1. A pathway not less than 8 feet (2438 mm) 
wide. 
2.2. Where gravity-operated dropout smoke 
and heat vents occur, a pathway not less 
than 4 feet (1219 mm) wide on not fewer 
than one side. 
2.3. A pathway not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) 
wide bordering 4-foot by 8-foot (1219 
mm by 2438 mm) venting cutouts every 
20 feet (6096 mm) on alternating sides of 
the pathway. 
3. Arrays shall be not greater than 150 feet (45 
720 mm) by 150 feet (45 720 mm) in distance 
in either axis in order to create opportunities 
for fire department smoke ventilation 
operations. 
1204.4 Ground-mounted photovoltaic panel systems. 
Ground-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall 
comply with Section 1204.1 and this section. Setback 
requirements shall not apply to ground-mounted, free- 
standing photovoltaic arrays. A clear, brush-free area of 
10 feet (3048 mm) shall be required for ground- 
mounted photovoltaic arrays. 
1204.5 Buildings with rapid shutdown. Buildings with 
rapid shutdown solar photovoltaic systems shall have 
permanent labels in accordance with Sections 1204.5.1 
through 1204.5.3. 
1204.5.1 Rapid shutdown type. The type of solar 
photovoltaic 
system rapid shutdown shall be labeled with one of 
the following: 
1. For solar photovoltaic systems that shut down 
the array and the conductors leaving the array, 
a label shall be provided. The first two lines of 
the label shall be uppercase characters with a 
minimum height of 3⁄8 inch (10 mm) in black on 
a yellow background. The remaining characters 
shall be uppercase with a minimum height of 
3/16 inch (5 mm) in black on a white 
background. The label shall be in accordance 
with Figure 1204.5.1(1) and state the following: 
SOLAR PV SYSTEM EQUIPPED WITH 
RAPID SHUTDOWN. TURN RAPID 
SHUTDOWN SWITCH TO THE “OFF” 
POSITION TO SHUT DOWN PV SYSTEM 
AND REDUCE SHOCK HAZARD IN 
ARRAY. 
2. For photovoltaic systems that only shut down 
conductors leaving the array, a label shall be 
provided. The first two lines of the label shall be 
uppercase characters with a minimum height of 
3/8 inch (10 mm) in white on a red background 
and the remaining characters shall be 
capitalized with a minimum height of 3/16 inch 
(5 mm) in black on a white background. 
 
 
SOLAR PV SYSTEM EQUIPPED 
WITH RAPID SHUTDOWN 
TURN RAPID 
SHUTDOWN SWITCH 
TO THE 
“OFF” POSITION TO 
SHUT DOWN PV 
SYSTEM AND 
REDUCE 
SHOCK 
HAZARD IN 
 
S 
FIGURE 1204.5.1(1) 
LABEL FOR SOLAR PV SYSTEMS THAT REDUCE SHOCK HAZARD WITHIN ARRAY AND SHUT DOWN CONDUCTORS LEAVING ARRAY

ENERGY SYSTEMS 
 
 
The label shall be in accordance with Figure 
1204.5.1(2) and state the following: 
THIS SOLAR PV SYSTEM EQUIPPED 
WITH RAPID SHUTDOWN. TURN RAPID 
SHUTDOWN SWITCH TO THE “OFF” 
POSITION TO SHUT DOWN CONDUCTORS 
OUTSIDE THE ARRAY. CONDUCTORS 
WITHIN ARRAY REMAIN 
ENERGIZED IN SUNLIGHT. 
1204.5.1.1 Diagram. The labels in Section 1204.5.1 
shall include a simple diagram of a building with a 
roof. Diagram sections in red signify sections of the 
solar photovoltaic system that are not shut down 
when the rapid shutdown switch is turned off. 
1204.5.1.2 Location. The rapid shutdown label in 
Section 1204.5.1 shall be located not greater than 
3 feet (914 mm) from the service disconnecting 
means to which the photovoltaic systems are 
connected and shall indicate the location of all 
identified rapid shutdown switches if not at the 
same location. 
1204.5.2 Buildings with more than one rapid 
shutdown type. Solar photovoltaic systems that 
contain rapid shutdown in accordance with both 
Items 1 and 2 of Section 1204.5.1 or solar 
photovoltaic systems where only portions of the 
systems on the building contain rapid shutdown, 
shall provide a detailed plan view diagram of the roof 
showing each different photovoltaic system and a 
dotted line around areas that remain energized after 
the rapid shutdown switch is operated. 
1204.5.3 Rapid shutdown switch. A rapid shutdown 
switch shall have a label located not greater than 3 
feet (914 mm) from the switch that states the 
following: 
RAPID SHUTDOWN SWITCH 
FOR SOLAR PV SYSTEM 
 
SECTION 1205 
STATIONARY FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEMS 
1205.1 General. Stationary fuel cell power systems in 
new and existing occupancies shall comply with this 
section. 
1205.2 Permits. Permits shall be obtained for 
stationary fuel cell power systems as set forth in 
Section 105.7.10. 
1205.3 Equipment. Stationary fuel cell power systems 
shall comply with the following: 
1. Prepackaged fuel cell power systems shall be listed 
and labeled in accordance with CSA FC 1. 
2. The modules and components in a pre-engineered 
fuel cell power system shall be listed and labeled 
in accordance with CSA FC 1 and interconnected 
to complete the assembly of the system at the 
job site in accordance with the manufacturer’s 
instructions and the module and component 
listings. 
3. Field-fabricated fuel cell power systems shall be 
approved based on a review of the technical 
report provided in accordance with Section 
104.7.2. The report shall be prepared by and 
bear the stamp of a registered design 
professional and shall include: 
3.1. A fire risk evaluation. 
3.2. An evaluation demonstrating that modules 
and components in the fuel cell power 
system comply with applicable 
requirements in CSA FC 1. 
3.3. Documentation of the fuel cell power 
system’s compliance with applicable NFPA 2 
and NFPA 853 construction requirements.

ENERGY SYSTEMS 
 
 
1205.4 Installation. Stationary fuel cell power systems 
shall be installed and maintained in accordance with 
NFPA 70 and NFPA 853, the manufacturer’s installation 
instructions, and the listing. Stationary fuel cell power 
systems fueled by hydrogen shall be installed and 
maintained in accordance 
 
THIS SOLAR PV SYSTEM EQUIPPED 
WITH RAPID SHUTDOWN 
TURN RAPID 
SHUTDOWN SWITCH TO 
THE “OFF” POSITION, 
SOLAR ELECTRIC 
PV PANELS 
SHUT DOWN 
OUTSIDE THE ARRAY. 
CONDUCTORS WITHIN 
ARRAY REMAIN 
ENERGIZED IN SUNLIGHT 
 
FIGURE 1204.5.1(2) 
LABEL FOR SOLAR PV SYSTEMS THAT ONLY SHUT DOWN CONDUCTORS LEAVING THE ARRAY 
 
with NFPA 2 and NFPA 70, the manufacturer’s 
installation instructions and the listing. 
1205.5 Residential use. Stationary fuel cell power 
systems shall not be installed in Group R-3 and R-4 
buildings, or dwelling units associated with Group R-2 
buildings unless they are specifically listed for 
residential use. 
1205.6 Indoor installations. Stationary fuel cell power 
systems installed in indoor locations shall comply with 
Sections 1205.6 through 1205.6.2. For purposes of this 
section, an indoor location includes a roof and 50 
percent or greater enclosing walls. 
1205.6.1 Listed. Stationary fuel cell power systems 
installed indoors shall be specifically listed and 
labeled for indoor use. 
1205.6.2 Separation. Rooms containing stationary 
fuel cell power systems shall be separated from the 
following occupancies by fire barriers or horizontal 
assemblies, or both, constructed in accordance with 
the International Building Code. 
1. Group B, F, M, S and U occupancies by 1-hour 
fire resistance rated construction. 
2. Group A, E, I and R occupancies by 2-hour fire 
resistance rated construction. 
Exception: Stationary fuel cell power systems with an 
aggregate rating less than 50 kW shall not be required 
to be separated from other occupancies provided that 
the systems comply with Section 9.3 of NFPA 853. 
 
1205.7 Vehicle impact protection. Where stationary 
fuel cell power systems are subject to impact by a 
motor vehicle, vehicle impact protection shall be 
provided in accordance with Section 312. 
1205.8 Outdoor installation. Stationary fuel cell power 
systems located outdoors shall be separated by not 
less than 5 feet (1524 mm) from the following: 
1. Lot lines. 
2. Public ways. 
3. Buildings. 
4. Stored combustible materials. 
5. Hazardous materials. 
6. High-piled stock. 
7. Any portion of a designated means of egress 
system. 
8. Other exposure hazards. 
1205.9 Fuel supply. The design, location, and 
installation of the fuel supply for stationary fuel cell 
power systems shall comply with Chapter 53, Chapter 
58 and the International Fuel Gas Code, based on the 
particular fuel being supplied to the system.

ENERGY SYSTEMS 
 
 
1205.10 Manual shutoff. Access to a manual 
shutoff valve shall be provided for the fuel piping 
within 6 feet (1829 mm) of any fuel storage tank 
serving the fuel cell and within 6 feet (1829 mm) of 
the power system. If the fuel tank and the stationary 
fuel cell power system are less than 12 feet (3658 
mm) apart, a single shutoff valve shall be permitted. 
If the stationary fuel cell power system is located 
indoors, the shutoff valve shall be located outside of 
the room in which the system is installed, unless 
otherwise approved by the fire code official. 
1205.11 Ventilation and exhaust. Ventilation and 
exhaust for stationary fuel cell power systems shall be 
provided in accordance with NFPA 853. 
1205.12 Fire suppression. Fire suppression for stationary 
fuel cell power system installations shall be provided in 
accordance with NFPA 853. 
1205.13 Gas detection systems. Stationary fuel cell 
power systems shall be provided with a gas detection 
system. Detection shall be provided in approved 
locations in the fuel cell power system enclosure, the 
exhaust system or the room that encloses the fuel cell 
power system. The system shall be designed to activate 
at a flammable gas concentration of not more than 25 
percent of the lower flammable limit (LFL). 
1205.13.1 System activation. The activation of the gas 
detection system shall automatically: 
1. Close valves between the gas supply and the fuel 
cell power system. 
2. 
Shut down the fuel cell power system. 
3. Initiate local audible and visible alarms in 
approved locations. 
 
 
SECTION 1206 
ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS 
1206.1 Scope. The provisions in this section are 
applicable to energy storage systems designed to 
provide electrical power to a building or facility. These 
systems are used to provide standby or emergency 
power, an uninterruptable power supply, load shedding, 
load sharing or similar capabilities. Energy storage 
systems in Group R-3 and R-4 occupancies shall be in 
accordance with Sections 1206.2.1 and 1206.4. 
Approved signage is required for all installations. 
1206.2 Stationary storage battery systems. Stationary 
storage battery systems having capacities exceeding the 
values shown in Table 1206.2 shall comply with Section 
1206.2.1 through 1206.2.13.6, as applicable. *Approved 
signage is required for all installations. 
1206.2.1 Permits. Permits shall be obtained for the 
construction of stationary storage battery systems 
*with a capacity of 3 kWh or more, in accordance with 
Section 105.7.2. 
1206.2.2 Construction documents. The following 
information shall be provided with the permit 
application: 
1. Location and layout diagram of the room in which 
the stationary storage battery system is to be 
installed. 
2. Details on hourly fire-resistance-rated assemblies 
provided. 
3. Quantities and types of storage batteries and 
battery systems. 
4. Manufacturer’s specifications, ratings and listings 
of storage batteries and battery systems. 
5. Details on energy management systems. 
6. Location and content of signage. 
7. Details on fire-extinguishing, smoke detection 
and ventilation systems. 
8. Rack storage arrangement, including seismic 
support criteria. 
 
TABLE 1206.2 
BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEM THRESHOLD QUANTITIES. 
BATTERY TECHNOLOGY 
a 
CAPACITY 
b 
Flow batteries 
20 kWh 
Lead acid, all types 
70 kWh 
Lithium, all types 
20 kWh 
Nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) 
70 kWh 
Sodium, all types 
20 kWhc 
Other battery technologies 
10 kWh 
For SI:1 kilowatt hour = 3.6 megajoules. 
a. For batteries rated in amp-hours, kWh shall equal rated voltage times amp-hour rating divided by 1000. 
b. Shall include vanadium, zinc-bromine, polysulfide-bromide, and other flowing electrolyte-type technologies. 
c. 70 kWh for sodium-ion technologies. 
 
1206.2.3 Hazard mitigation analysis. A failure modes 
and effects analysis (FMEA) or other approved hazard 
mitigation analysis shall be provided in accordance 
with Section 104.7.2 under any of the following

conditions: 
1. Battery technologies not specifically identified 
in Table 1206.2 are provided. 
2. More than one stationary storage battery 
technology is provided in a room or indoor area 
where there is a potential for adverse 
interaction between technologies. 
3. Where allowed as a basis for increasing 
maximum allowable quantities in accordance 
with Section 1206.2.9. 
4. Where required by the fire code official. 
1206.2.3.1 Fault condition. The hazard mitigation 
analysis shall evaluate the consequences of the 
following failure modes, and others deemed 
necessary by the fire code official. Only single- 
failure modes shall be considered. 
1. Thermal runaway condition in a single- 
battery storage rack, module, or array. 
2. Failure of any energy management system. 
3. Failure of any required ventilation system. 
4. Voltage surges on the primary electric supply. 
5. Short circuits on the load side of the 
stationary battery storage system. 
6. Failure of the smoke detection, fire- 
extinguishing or gas detection system. 
7. Spill neutralization not being provided or 
failure of the secondary containment system. 
8. Failure of temperature control. 
1206.2.3.2 Analysis approval. The fire code official 
is authorized to approve the hazardous mitigation 
analysis provided that the hazard mitigation 
analysis demonstrates all of the following: 
1. Fires or explosions will be contained within 
unoccupied battery storage rooms for the 
minimum duration of the fire-resistance-rated 
walls identified in Table 509.1 of the 
International Building Code. 
2. Fires and explosions in battery cabinets in 
occupied work centers will be detected in 
time to allow occupants within the room to 
evacuate safely. 
3. Toxic and highly toxic gases released during 
fires and other fault conditions shall not reach 
concentrations in excess of Immediately 
Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) levels in 
the building or adjacent means of egress 
routes during the time deemed necessary to 
evacuate from that area. 
4. Flammable gases released from batteries 
during charging, discharging and normal 
operation shall not exceed 10 percent of their 
lower flammability limit (LFL). 
5. Flammable gases released from batteries 
during fire, overcharging and other abnormal 
conditions shall not create an explosion 
hazard that will injure occupants or 
emergency responders. 
1206.2.3.3 Additional protection measures. 
Construction, equipment, and systems that are 
required for the stationary storage battery system 
to comply with the hazardous mitigation analysis, 
including but not limited to those specifically 
described in Section 1206.2, shall be installed, 
maintained, and tested in accordance with 
nationally recognized standards and specified 
design parameters. 
1206.2.3.4 Large-scale fire testing. Where required 
in Section 1206, large-scale fire testing shall be 
conducted on a representative stationary storage 
battery system, in accordance with UL 9540A. The 
testing shall be conducted or witnessed and 
reported by an approved testing laboratory. The 
test report shall be provided to the fire code official 
for review and approval in accordance with Section 
104.7.2. 
1206.2.3.5 Fire remediation. Where a fire or other 
event has damaged a stationary storage battery 
system and ignition, or re-ignition of the stationary 
storage battery system is possible, the fire code 
official may require the system owner, agent, or 
lessee to take actions, at their expense, to mitigate 
the hazard or remove the damaged equipment 
from the premise to a safe location. 
1206.2.3.6 Forensic analysis. The fire code official 
may also require a forensic analysis of the cause of 
failure by an independent laboratory approved by 
the fire code official in accordance with Section 
104.10.2. 
1206.2.4 Seismic and structural design. Stationary 
storage battery systems shall comply with the seismic 
design requirements in Chapter 16 of the 
International Building Code and shall not exceed the 
floor-loading limitation of the building. 
1206.2.5 Vehicle impact protection. Where 
stationary storage battery systems are subject to 
impact by a motor vehicle, including forklifts, vehicle 
impact protection shall be provided in accordance 
with Section 312. 
1206.2.6 Combustible storage. Combustible materials 
not related to the stationary storage battery system 
shall not be stored in battery rooms, cabinets, or 
enclosures. Combustible materials in occupied work 
centers covered by Section 1206.2.8.5 shall not be 
stored less than 3 feet (915 mm) from battery

cabinets. 
1206.2.7 Testing, maintenance, and repair. Storage 
batteries and associated equipment and systems shall 
be tested and maintained in accordance with the 
manufacturer’s instructions. Any storage batteries or 
system components used to replace existing units 
shall be compatible with the battery charger, energy 
management systems, other storage batteries and 
other safety systems. Introducing other types of 
storage batteries into the stationary storage battery 
system or other types of electrolytes into flow battery 
systems shall be treated as a new installation and 
require approval by the fire code official before the 
replacements are introduced into service. 
1206.2.8 Location and construction. Rooms and areas 
containing stationary storage battery systems shall be 
designed, located, and constructed in accordance with 
Sections 1206.2.8.1 through 1206.2.8.7.4. 
1206.2.8.1 Location. Stationary storage battery 
systems shall not be located in the following areas: 
1. Where the floor is located more than 75 feet 
(22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire 
department vehicle access, 
2. Where the floor level is located below the 
lowest level of exit discharge. 
Exceptions: 
1. Lead acid and nickel cadmium stationary 
storage battery systems less than 50 VAC 
and 60 VDC installed in facilities under 
the exclusive control of communications 
utilities in accordance with NFPA 76. 
2. Where approved, installations shall be 
permitted 
in 
underground 
vaults 
complying with NFPA 70, Article 450, 
Part III. 
3. Where approved by the fire code official, 
installations shall be permitted on higher 
and lower floors. 
4. Installations on noncombustible rooftops 
of buildings exceeding 75 feet (22 860 
mm) in height that do not obstruct fire 
department rooftop operations, where 
approved by the fire code official. 
1206.2.8.2 Separation. Rooms containing stationary 
storage battery systems shall be separated from 
other areas of the building in accordance with 
Section 509.1 of the International Building Code. 
Battery systems shall be allowed to be in the same 
room with the equipment they support. 
1206.2.8.3 Stationary battery arrays. Storage 
batteries, prepackaged stationary storage battery 
systems and pre-engineered stationary storage 
battery systems shall be segregated into stationary 
battery arrays not exceeding 50 kWh (180 
megajoules) each. Each stationary battery array 
shall be spaced not less than 3 feet (914 mm) from 
other stationary battery arrays and from walls in 
the storage room or area. The storage 
arrangements shall comply with Chapter 10. 
Exceptions: 
1. Lead acid and nickel cadmium storage 
battery arrays. 
2. Listed pre-engineered stationary storage 
battery systems and prepackaged 
stationary storage battery systems shall not 
exceed 250 kWh (900 megajoules) each, 
where approved by the fire code official. 
3. The fire code official is authorized to approve 
listed, pre-engineered and prepackaged 
battery arrays with larger capacities or 
smaller battery array spacing if large-scale 
fire and fault condition testing conducted or 
witnessed and reported by an approved 
testing laboratory is provided showing that 
a fire involving one array will not propagate 
to an adjacent array, and be contained 
within the room for a duration equal to the 
fire-resistance rating of the room 
separation specified in Table 509 of the 
International Building Code. 
1206.2.8.4 Separate rooms. Where stationary 
batteries are installed in a separate equipment 
room that can be accessed only by authorized 
personnel, they shall be permitted to be installed 
on an open rack for ease of maintenance. 
1206.2.8.5 Occupied work centers. Where 
stationary storage batteries are located in an 
occupied work center, they shall be housed in a 
noncombustible cabinet or other enclosure to 
prevent access by unauthorized personnel. 
1206.2.8.5.1 Cabinets. Where stationary 
batteries are contained in cabinets in occupied 
work centers, the cabinet enclosures shall be 
located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the 
equipment that they support. 
1206.2.8.6 Signage. Approved signs shall be 
provided on or adjacent to all entry for battery 
storage rooms or areas and on enclosures of 
battery storage cabinets and walk-in units located 
outdoors on rooftops or in open parking garages. 
Signs designed to meet both the requirements of 
this section and NFPA 70 shall be permitted. The 
signage shall include the following or equivalent: 
1. "Energy Storage System", "Battery Storage

System", "Capacitor Energy Storage System", 
or the equivalent. 
2. The identification of the electrochemical 
battery energy storage system technology 
present. "Energized Electrical Circuits" 
3. If water reactive electrochemical battery 
energy storage system is present, the signage 
shall include "APPLY NO WATER" 
4. Current contact information, including phone 
number, for personnel authorized to service 
the equipment and fire mitigation personnel. 
Exception: Existing stationary storage battery 
systems shall be permitted to include the 
signage required at the time it was installed. 
1206.2.8.6.1 Electrical disconnects. Where the 
stationary storage battery system disconnecting 
means is not within sight of the main service 
disconnecting means, placards or directories shall 
be installed at the location of the main service 
disconnecting means indicating the location of 
stationary storage battery system disconnecting 
means in accordance with NFPA 70. 
1206.2.8.6.2 Cabinet signage. Battery storage 
cabinets provided in occupied work centers in 
accordance with Section 1206.2.8.5 shall have 
exterior labels that identify the manufacturer and 
model number of the system and electrical rating 
(voltage and current) of the contained battery 
system. There shall be signs within the cabinet 
that indicate the relevant electrical and chemical 
hazards, as required by Section 1206.2.12. 
1206.2.8.7 Outdoor installations. Stationary 
storage battery systems located outdoors shall 
comply with Sections 1206.2.8.7 through 
1206.2.8.7.4, in addition to all applicable 
requirements of Section 1206.2. Installations in 
outdoor enclosures or containers that can be 
occupied for servicing, testing, maintenance, and 
other functions shall be treated as battery storage 
rooms. 
Remote outdoor installations include stationary 
battery systems located more than 100 feet from 
buildings, property lines, public ways, stored 
combustible storage, hazardous materials, high 
piled stock and other exposure hazards. 
Installations near exposures include all outdoor 
stationary battery systems that are not more than 
100 feet from buildings, property lines, public ways, 
stored combustible storage, hazardous materials, 
high piled stock, and other exposure hazards. 
Exception: Stationary battery arrays in 
noncombustible containers shall not be required 
to be spaced 3 feet (914 mm) from the container 
walls. 
 
TABLE 1206.2.8.7 OUTDOOR INSTALLATIONS 
Compliance Required 
Remote 
Installations 
Installations 
Near 
Exposures 
General installation 
requirements 
Yes 
Yes 
Size and separation 
No 
Yes a 
Smoke and automatic fire 
detection 
Yes 
Yes 
Fire suppression systems 
Yes b 
Yes 
Maximum enclosure size 
Yes 
Yes 
Vegetation control 
Yes 
Yes 
Means of egress 
separation 
Yes 
Yes 
Clearance to exposures 
Yes 
Yes 
Technology-specific 
protection 
Yes 
Yes 
 
a. In outdoor walk-in units, spacing is not required 
between energy storage systems units and the walls of 
the enclosure. 
b. Where approved by the fire code official, fire 
suppression systems are permitted to be omitted. 
 
1206.2.8.7.1 Separation. Stationary storage 
battery systems located outdoors shall be 
separated by a minimum *10 feet (3048 mm) 
from the following: 
1. Lot lines. 
2. Public ways. 
3. Buildings. 
4. Stored combustible materials. 
5. Hazardous materials. 
6. High-piled stock. 
7. Other exposure hazards. 
Exception: The fire code official is authorized to 
approve smaller separation distances if 
largescale fire and fault condition testing 
conducted or witnessed and reported by an 
approved testing laboratory is provided 
showing that a fire involving the system will not 
adversely impact occupant egress from 
adjacent buildings, or adversely impact 
adjacent stored materials or structures. 
1206.2.8.7.2 Means of egress. Stationary storage 
battery systems located outdoors shall be 
separated from any means of egress as required 
by the fire code official to ensure safe egress 
under fire conditions, but not less than 10 feet 
(3048 mm). 
Exception: The fire code official is authorized to 
approve lesser separation distances if large- 
scale fire and fault condition testing conducted 
or witnessed and reported by an approved

testing laboratory is provided showing that a 
fire involving the system will not adversely 
impact occupant egress. 
1206.2.8.7.3 Security of outdoor areas. Outdoor 
areas in which stationary storage battery systems 
are located shall be secured against unauthorized 
entry and safeguarded in an approved manner. 
1206.2.8.7.4 Walk-in units. Where a stationary 
storage battery system includes an outer 
enclosure, the unit shall only be entered for 
inspection, maintenance and repair of batteries 
and electronics, and shall not be occupied for 
other purposes. 
1206.2.9 Maximum allowable quantities. Fire areas 
within buildings containing stationary storage battery 
systems exceeding the maximum allowable quantities 
in Table 1206.2.9 shall comply with all applicable 
Group H occupancy requirements in this code and the 
International Building Code. 
Exception: Where approved by the fire code official, 
areas containing stationary storage batteries that 
exceed the amounts in Table 1206.2.9 shall be 
treated as incidental use areas and not Group H 
occupancies based on a hazardous mitigation 
analysis in accordance with Section 1206.2.3 and 
large-scale fire and fault condition testing 
conducted or witnessed and reported by an 
approved testing laboratory. 
1206.2.9.1 Mixed battery systems. Where areas 
within buildings contain different types of storage 
battery technologies, the total aggregate quantities 
of batteries shall be determined based on the sum 
of percentages of each battery type quantity 
divided by the maximum allowable quantity of each 
battery type. If the sum of the percentages exceeds 
100 percent, the area shall be treated as a Group H 
occupancy in accordance with Table 1206.2.9. 
1206.2.10 Storage batteries and equipment. The 
design and installation of storage batteries and 
related equipment shall comply with Sections 
1206.2.10.1 through 1206.2.10.8. 
Battery storage system installations shall comply 
with the requirements of this section and the 
applicable requirements of Table 1206.2.10 
1206.2.10.1 Listings. Storage batteries and battery 
storage systems shall comply with the following: 
1. Storage batteries shall be listed in accordance 
with UL 1973. 
2. Prepackaged and pre-engineered stationary 
storage battery systems shall be listed in 
accordance with UL 9540. 
Exception: Lead-acid batteries are not 
required to be listed. 
1206.2.10.2 Prepackaged and pre-engineered 
systems. Prepackaged and pre-engineered stationary 
storage battery systems shall be installed in 
accordance with their listing and the manufacturer’s 
instructions.

TABLE 1206.2.9 
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE BATTERY QUANTITIES 
 
BATTERY TECHNOLOGY 
a 
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITIES 
GROUP H OCCUPANCY 
Flow batteriesb 
600 kWh 
Group H-2 
Lead acid, all types 
Unlimited 
Not Applicable 
Lithium, all types 
600 kWh 
Group H-2 
Nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) 
Unlimited 
Not Applicable 
Sodium, all types 
600 kWh 
Group H-2 
Other battery technologies 
200 kWh 
c 
Group H-2 
For SI:1 kilowatt hour = 3.6 megajoules. 
a. For batteries rated in amp-hours, Kilowatt-hours (kWh) shall equal rated battery voltage times the amp-hour rating divided by 1,000. 
b. Shall include vanadium, zinc-bromine, polysulfide-bromide, and other flowing electrolyte-type technologies. 
c. Shall be a Group H-4 occupancy if the fire code official determines that a fire or thermal runaway involving the battery technology 
does not represent a significant fire hazard. 
TABLE 1206.2.10 
BATTERY TECHNOLOGY SPECIFIC 
Compliance Required b 
Battery Technology 
Other Battery Storage 
Systems and Battery 
Technologies b 
Lead- 
acid 
Ni-Cad & 
Ni-MH 
Lithium-ion 
Flow 
Exhaust ventilation 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
Spill control and neutralization 
Yes c 
Yes c 
No 
Yes 
Yes 
Explosion control 
Yes a 
Yes a 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
Safety Caps 
Yes 
Yes 
No 
Yes 
Yes 
Thermal runaway 
Yes d 
Yes 
Yes e 
Yes 
Yes e 
a. 
Not required for lead-acid and nickel cadmium batteries at facilities under the exclusive control of communications utilities 
that comply with NFPA 76 and operate at less than 50 VAC and 60 VDC. 
b. 
Protection shall be provided unless documentation acceptable to the fire code official, in accordance with 2021 International 
Fire Code Section 104.7.2, provides justification why the protection is not necessary based on the technology used. 
c. 
Applicable to vented (i.e., flooded) type nickel cadmium and lead acid batteries. 
d. 
Not required for vented (i.e., flooded) type lead acid batteries. 
e. 
The thermal runaway protection is permitted to be part of a battery management system that has been evaluated with the 
battery in accordance with UL 1973. 
 
 
1206.2.10.3 Energy management system. An approved energy management system shall be provided for 
battery technologies other than lead-acid and nickel cadmium for monitoring and balancing cell voltages, 
currents, and temperatures within the manufacturer’s specifications. The system shall transmit an alarm 
signal to an approved location and to an approved annunciator panel if potentially hazardous 
temperatures or other conditions such as short circuits, over voltage or under voltage are detected. 
1206.2.10.3.1 Annunciator panel. The approved annunciator panel shall visibly indicate any 
hazardous temperature or other conditions. The location of the annunciator panel shall be 
approved by the fire code official. 
1206.2.10.4 Battery chargers. Battery chargers shall be compatible with the battery chemistry and the 
manufacturer’s electrical ratings and charging specifications. Battery chargers shall be listed and 
labeled in accordance with UL 1564 or provided as part of a listed pre-engineered or prepackaged 
stationary storage battery system. 
1206.2.10.5 Inverters. Inverters shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1741. Only inverters 
listed and labeled for utility interactive system use and identified as interactive shall be allowed to 
operate in parallel with the electric utility power system to supply power to common loads. 
1206.2.10.6 Safety caps. Where required by Table 1206.2.10, batteries shall be provided with flame- 
arresting safety caps. 
1206.2.10.7 Thermal runaway. Where required by Table 1206.2.10 storage batteries shall be provided 
with a listed device or other approved method to prevent, detect, and control thermal runaway. 
1206.2.10.8 Toxic and highly toxic gas. Stationary storage battery systems that have the potential to 
release toxic and highly toxic gas during charging, discharging and normal use conditions shall comply

with Section 1206.2.11.3 and Chapter 60. 
1206.2.11 Fire protection and life safety systems. Fire protection and life safety systems shall be 
provided in accordance with Sections 1206.2.11.1 through 1206.2.11.7. All alarm, and supervisory 
signals from the fire protection and life safety systems shall be transmitted to a central station, 
proprietary or remote station service in accordance with NFPA 72, and to an approved annunciator 
panel. 
1206.2.11.1 Fire-extinguishing systems. Rooms and areas within buildings and walk-in units 
containing electrochemical battery energy storage systems shall be equipped with an automatic 
sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Commodity classifications for specific 
technologies of storage batteries shall be in accordance with Chapter 5 of NFPA 13. If the storage 
battery types are not addressed in Chapter 5 of NFPA 13, the fire code official is authorized to 
approve the fire-extinguishing system based on full scale fire and fault condition testing conducted 
or witnessed and reported by an approved laboratory. 
Exception: Spaces or areas containing stationary storage battery systems used exclusively for 
telecommunications equipment in accordance with Section 903.2. 
1206.2.11.1.1 Fire-extinguishing systems. Rooms and areas within buildings and walk-in units 
containing electrochemical battery energy storage systems shall be protected by an automatic fire 
suppression system designed and installed in accordance with the most stringent of the following: 
1. An automatic sprinkler system designed and installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 with 
a minimum density of 0.6 gpm/ft.2 based on the fire area or 2,500 square feet (232 m2) design 
area, whichever is smaller. 
2. Where approved, an automatic sprinkler system designed and installed in accordance with 
Section 903.3.1.1 with a sprinkler hazard classification based on large-scale fire testing. 
3. An alternate automatic fire extinguishing system designed and installed in accordance with 
Section 904, provided the installation is approved by the fire code official based on large scale 
fire testing 
Exception: Fire suppression systems for lead acid and nickel cadmium battery systems at 
facilities under the exclusive control of communications utilities that operate at less than 50 VAC 
and 60 VDC shall be provided where required by NFPA 76. 
1206.2.11.1.2 Fire department connections. Fire Department connections shall be installed in an 
approved location. 
1206.2.11.1.3 Hydrants. Fire hydrants shall be installed and maintained in accordance with Chapters 
5 and 9. 
1206.2.11.1.4 Alternative fire-extinguishing systems. Battery systems that utilize water-reactive 
materials shall be protected by an approved alternative automatic fire extinguishing system in 
accordance with Section 904. The system shall be listed for protecting the type, arrangement, and 
quantities of storage batteries in the room. The fire code official shall be permitted to approve the 
alternative fire extinguishing system based on full-scale fire and fault condition testing conducted or 
witnessed and reported by an approved laboratory. 
1206.2.11.2 Smoke detection system. An approved automatic smoke detection system shall be 
installed in rooms containing stationary storage battery systems in accordance with Section 907.2. 
1206.2.11.3 Exhaust ventilation. Where required by Table 1206.2.10, ventilation of rooms containing 
stationary storage battery systems shall be provided in accordance with the International Mechanical 
Code and one of the following: 
1. The ventilation system shall be designed to limit the maximum concentration of flammable gas 
to 10 percent of the lower flammability limit, or for hydrogen, 1.0 percent of the total volume 
of the room. 
2. Continuous ventilation shall be provided at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per minute 
(cfm) per square foot [0.00508 m3/(s • m2)] of floor area, but not less than 150 cfm (4 m3/min). 
The exhaust system shall be designed to provide air movement across all parts of the floor for 
gases having a vapor density greater than air and across all parts of the vault ceiling for gases 
having a vapor density less than air.

1206.2.11.3.1 Cabinet ventilation. Where cabinets located in occupied spaces contain storage 
batteries that are required by Table 1206.2.10 to be provided with ventilation, the cabinet shall be 
provided with ventilation in accordance with Section 1206.2.11.3. 
1206.2.11.3.2 Supervision. Required mechanical ventilation systems for rooms and cabinets 
containing storage batteries shall be supervised by an approved central station, proprietary or 
remote station service or shall initiate an audible and visual signal at an approved constantly 
attended on-site location. 
1206.2.11.3.3 Standby power. Mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be provided with not less than 6 
hours of standby power in accordance with International Building Code. 
Separation shall be in accordance with NFPA 70. 
Where the building, or a portion of the building, served by the mechanical exhaust ventilation is 
intended to remain operational / occupied during a utility power outage, through the use of an 
electrical standby power system, whether required or optional; the mechanical exhaust ventilation 
shall be connected to both the normal electrical service and emergency or standby power system 
for equivalent time periods. 
1206.2.11.3.4 Mechanical exhaust ventilation controls. Clearly identified separate switches shall be 
provided both to activate the mechanical exhaust ventilation system and to shutoff the ventilation 
system. 
1206.2.11.4 Gas detection system. Where required by Section 1206.2.3 or 1206.2.10.8 rooms containing 
stationary storage battery systems shall be protected by a gas detection system complying with Section 
916. The gas detection system shall be designed to activate where the level of flammable gas exceeds 10 
percent of the lower flammable limit (LFL), or where the level of toxic or highly toxic gas exceeds one half 
of the IDLH. 
1206.2.11.4.1 System activation. Activation of the gas detection system shall result in all the following: 
1. Initiation of distinct audible and visible alarms in the battery storage room. 
2. Transmission of an alarm to an approved location. 
3. De-energizing of the battery charger. 
4. Activation of the mechanical ventilation system, where the system is interlocked with the gas 
detection system. 
Exception: Lead-acid and nickel-cadmium stationary storage battery systems shall not be 
required to comply with Items 1, 2 and 3. 
1206.2.11.5 Spill control and neutralization. Where required by Table 1206.2.10, approved methods and 
materials shall be provided for the control and neutralization of spills of electrolyte or other hazardous 
materials in areas containing stationary storage batteries as follows: 
1. For batteries with free-flowing electrolyte, the method and materials shall be capable of 
neutralizing a spill of the total capacity from the largest cell or block to a pH between 5.0 and 
9.0. 
2. For batteries with immobilized electrolyte, the method and material shall be capable of 
neutralizing a spill of 3.0 percent of the capacity of the largest cell or block in the room to a pH 
between 5.0 and 9.0. 
1206.2.11.5.1 Spill control barrier. Each rack of batteries, or group of racks shall be provided with a 
liquid-tight 4-inch (102 mm) spill control barrier that extends at least 1-inch (25 mm) beyond the 
battery rack in all directions. 
1206.2.11.6 Explosion Control. Where required by Table 1206.2.10, explosion control, complying with 
Section 911, NFPA 68 and NFPA 69, shall be provided for rooms, areas or walk-in units containing 
electrochemical battery energy storage system technologies. 
Exceptions: 
1. Where approved, explosion control is permitted to be waived by the fire code official based on 
large- scale fire testing demonstrating that flammable gases are not liberated from 
electrochemical battery energy storage system cells or modules. 
2. Where approved, explosion control is permitted to be waived by the fire code official based on 
documentation provided in accordance with Section 104.7 that demonstrating that the

electrochemical battery energy storage system technology to be used does not have the 
potential to release flammable gas concentrations in excess of 25 percent of the lower 
flammable limit (LFL) anywhere in the room, area, walk-in unit or structure under thermal 
runaway or other fault conditions. 
1206.2.11.7 Emergency energy release. An approved means must be provided to safely release 
stored energy from the batteries in an emergency situation. 
1206.2.12 Specific battery-type requirements. This section includes requirements applicable to specific 
types of storage batteries. Stationary storage battery systems with more than one type of storage 
battery shall comply with requirements applicable to each battery type. 
Ventilation, spill control and neutralization, explosion control, safety caps and thermal runaway shall be 
required in accordance with Table 1206.2.10 
1206.2.12.1 Lead-acid storage batteries. Stationary storage battery systems utilizing lead-acid storage 
batteries shall comply with the following: 
1. The signage required by Section1206.2.8.6 shall indicate the room contains lead-acid batteries. 
1206.2.12.2 Nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) storage batteries. Stationary storage battery systems utilizing 
nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) storage batteries shall comply with the following: 
1. The signage required by Section1206.2.8.6 shall indicate the room contains lead-acid batteries. 
1206.2.12.3 Lithium-ion storage batteries. The signage in Section 1206.2.8.6 shall indicate the type of 
lithium batteries contained in the room. 
1206.2.12.4 Sodium-beta storage batteries. Stationary storage battery systems utilizing sodium-beta 
storage batteries shall comply with the following: 
1. The signage in Section 1206.2.8.6 shall indicate the type of sodium batteries in the room and 
include the instructions, “APPLY NO WATER.” 
1206.2.12.5 Flow storage batteries. Stationary storage battery systems utilizing flow storage batteries 
shall comply with the following: 
1. The signage required in Section 1206.2.8.6 shall indicate the type of flow batteries in the room. 
1206.2.12.6 Other battery technologies. Stationary storage battery systems utilizing battery 
technologies other than those described in Sections 1206.2.12.1 through 1206.2.12.5 shall comply with 
the following: 
1. Gas detection systems complying with Section 916 shall be provided in accordance with Section 
1206.2.11.4 where the batteries have the potential to produce toxic or highly toxic gas in the 
storage room or cabinet in excess of the permissible exposure limits (PEL) during charging, 
discharging and normal system operation. 
2. In addition to the signage required in Section 1206.2.8.6, the marking shall identify the type of 
batteries present, describe the potential hazards associated with the battery type, and indicate 
that the room contains energized electrical circuits. 
1206.2.13 Special Installations. Rooftop and open parking garage battery energy storage system 
installations shall comply with Sections 1206.2.13.1 through 1206.2.13.6. Signage shall comply with 
Section 1206.2.8.6. 
1206.2.13.1 Rooftop installations. For the purpose of Table 1206.2.13, rooftop installations are those 
located on the roofs of buildings. 
1206.2.13.2 Open parking garage installations. For the purposes of Table 1206.2.13, open parking 
garage installations are those located in a structure or portion of a structure that complies with Section 
406.5 of the International Building Code. 
TABLE 1206.2.13 SPECIAL INSTALLATIONS 
Compliance Required 
Rooftops 
Open Parking 
Garages 
General Installation 
Requirements 
Yes 
Yes 
Size and separation 
Yes 
Yes 
Smoke and automatic fire 
detection 
Yes 
Yes 
Maximum enclosure size 
Yes 
Yes

Means of egress separation 
Yes 
Yes 
Clearance to exposures 
Yes 
Yes 
Fire suppression systems 
Yes 
Yes 
Technology specific protection 
Yes 
Yes 
 
1206.2.13.3 Clearance to exposures. Battery storage systems located on rooftops and in open parking 
garages shall be separated by not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from the following exposures: 
1. Buildings, except the building on which rooftop battery energy storage system is mounted 
2. Any portion of the building on which a rooftop system is mounted that is elevated above the rooftop 
on which the system is installed 
3. Lot lines 
4. Public ways 
5. Stored combustible materials 
6. Locations where motor vehicles can be parked 
7. Hazardous materials 
8. Other exposure hazards 
Exceptions: 
1. Clearances are permitted to be reduced to 3 feet (914 mm) where a 1-hour freestanding fire barrier, 
suitable for exterior use, and extending 5 feet (1524 mm) above and 5 feet (1524 mm) beyond the 
physical boundary of the battery energy storage system, installation is provided to protect the 
exposure. 
2. Clearances are permitted to be reduced to 3 feet (914 mm) where a weatherproof enclosure con- 
structed of noncombustible materials is provided over the battery energy storage system and it 
has been demonstrated that a fire within the enclosure will not ignite combustible materials 
outside the enclosure. 
1206.2.13.4 Fire suppression systems. Battery storage systems located in walk-in units on rooftops or 
in walk-in units in open parking garages shall be provided with automatic fire suppression systems 
within the battery energy storage system enclosure in accordance with Section 1206.2.11.1. Areas 
containing battery energy storage systems other than walk-in units in open parking structures on levels 
not open above to the sky shall be provided with an automatic fire suppression system complying with 
Section 1206.2.11.1. 
1206.2.13.5 Rooftop installations. Battery storage systems and associated equipment that are located 
on rooftops and not enclosed by building construction shall comply with the following: 
1. Stairway access to the roof for emergency response and fire department personnel shall be provided 
either through a bulkhead from the interior of the building or a stairway on the exterior of the 
building. 
2. Service walkways not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) in width shall be provided for service and 
emergency personnel from the point of access to the roof to the system. 
3. Battery storage systems and associated equipment shall be located from the edge of the roof a 
distance equal to at least the height of the system, equipment, or component but not less than 5 feet 
(1524 mm). 
4. The roofing materials under and within 5 feet (1524 mm) horizontally from a battery storage 
systems or associated equipment shall be noncombustible or shall have a Class A rating when tested 
in accordance with ASTM E108 or UL 790. 
5. A Class I standpipe outlet shall be installed at an approved location on the roof level of the building 
or in the stairway bulkhead at the top level. 
6. The battery storage systems shall be not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from the fire service access 
point on the rooftop. 
1206.2.13.6 Open parking garages. Battery storage systems and associated equipment that are 
located in open parking garages shall comply with all of the following:

1. Battery storage systems shall not be located within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of air inlets for building 
HVAC systems. 
Exception: This distance shall be permitted to be reduced to 25 feet (7620 mm) if the 
automatic fire alarm system monitoring the radiant-energy-sensing detectors de-energizes 
the ventilation system connected to the air intakes upon detection of fire. 
2. Battery storage systems shall not be located within 25 feet (7620 mm) of exits leading from the 
attached building where located on a covered level of the parking structure not directly open to the 
sky above. 
3. An approved fence with a locked gate or other approved barrier shall be provided to keep the 
general public not less than 5 feet (1024 mm) from the outer enclosure of the battery energy storage 
system. 
1206.3 Capacitor energy storage systems. Capacitor energy storage systems having capacities exceeding 3 
kWh (10.8 megajoules) shall comply with Sections 1206.3 through 1206.3.2.6.1. 
Exception: Capacitors regulated by NFPA 70, Chapter 460, and capacitors included as a component part 
of other listed electrical equipment are not required to comply with this section. 
1206.3.1 Permits. Permits shall be obtained for the installation of capacitor energy storage systems in 
accordance with Section 105.7.3. 
1206.3.2 Location and construction. Rooms and areas containing capacitor energy storage systems shall 
be designed, located and constructed in accordance with Sections 1206.3.2 through 1206.3.2.5. 
1206.3.2.1 Location. Capacitor energy storage systems shall not be located in areas where the floor is 
located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, or 
where the floor level is more than 30 feet (9144 mm) below the finished floor of the lowest level of 
exit discharge. 
1206.3.2.2 Separation. Rooms containing capacitor energy storage systems shall be separated from 
the following occupancies by fire barriers or horizontal assemblies, or both, constructed in accordance 
with the International Building Code. 
1. Group B, F, M, S and U occupancies by 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction. 
2. Group A, E, I and R occupancies by 2-hour fire resistance rated construction. 
1206.3.2.3 Capacitor arrays. Capacitor energy storage systems shall be segregated into capacitor 
arrays not exceeding 50 kWh each. Each array shall be spaced not less than 3 feet (914 mm) from other 
arrays and from walls in the storage room or area. The storage arrangements shall comply with 
Chapter 10. 
Exception: Capacitor energy storage systems in noncombustible containers located outdoors shall 
not be required to be spaced 3 feet (914 mm) from the container walls. 
1206.3.2.4 Signage. Approved signs shall be provided on doors or in locations adjacent to the 
entrances to capacitor energy storage system rooms and shall include the following or equivalent 
verbiage and information: 
1. “CAPACITOR ENERGY STORAGE ROOM.” 
2. “THIS ROOM CONTAINS ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS.” 
3. An identification of the type of capacitors present and the potential hazards associated with the 
capacitor type. 
1206.3.2.5 Electrical disconnects. Where the capacitor energy storage system disconnecting means is 
not within sight of the main service disconnecting means, placards or directories shall be installed at 
the location of the main service disconnecting means identifying the location of the capacitor energy 
storage system disconnecting means in accordance with NFPA 70. 
1206.3.2.6 Outdoor installation. Capacitor energy systems located outdoors shall comply with Sections 
1206.3.2.6 through 1206.3.2.6.4 in addition to all applicable requirements of Section 1206.3. 
Installations in outdoor enclosures or containers that can be occupied for servicing, testing, 
maintenance and other functions shall be treated as capacitor storage rooms. 
Exception: Capacitor arrays in noncombustible containers shall not be required to be spaced 3 feet 
(914 mm) from the container walls.

1206.3.2.6.1 Separation. Capacitor energy systems located outdoors shall be not less than 5 feet 
(1524 mm) from the following: 
1. Lot lines. 
2. Public ways. 
3. Buildings. 
4. Stored combustible materials. 
5. Hazardous materials. 
6. High-piled stock. 
7. Other exposure hazards. 
Exception: The fire code official is authorized to approve lesser separation distances if large- 
scale fire and fault condition testing conducted or witnessed and reported by an approved 
testing laboratory is provided showing that a fire involving the system will not adversely impact 
occupant egress from adjacent buildings, or adversely impact adjacent stored materials or 
structures. 
1206.3.2.6.2 Means of egress. Capacitor energy storage systems located outdoors shall be separated 
from any means of egress as required by the fire code official to ensure safe egress under fire 
conditions, but not less than 10 feet (3048 mm). 
Exception: The fire code official is authorized to approve lesser separation distances if large- 
scale fire and fault condition testing conducted or witnessed and reported by an approved 
testing laboratory is provided showing that a fire involving the system will not adversely impact 
occupant egress. 
1206.3.2.6.3 Security of outdoor areas. Outdoor areas in which capacitor energy storage systems 
are located shall be secured against unauthorized entry and safeguarded in an approved manner. 
1206.3.2.6.4 Walk-in units. Where a capacitor energy storage system includes an outer enclosure, 
the unit shall only be entered for inspection, maintenance and repair of capacitors and electronics, 
and shall not be occupied for other purposes. 
1206.3.3 Maximum allowable quantities. Fire areas within buildings containing capacitor energy storage 
systems that exceed 600 kWh of energy capacity shall comply with all applicable Group H occupancy 
requirements in this code and the International Building Code. 
1206.3.4 Capacitors and equipment. The design and installation of capacitor energy storage systems and 
related equipment shall comply with Sections 1206.3.4.1 through 1206.3.4.5. 
1206.3.4.1 Listing. Capacitors and capacitor energy storage systems shall comply with the following: 
1. Capacitors shall be listed in accordance with UL 1973. 
2. Prepackaged and pre-engineered stationary capacitor energy storage systems shall be listed in 
accordance with UL 9540. 
1206.3.4.2 Prepackaged and pre-engineered systems. In addition to other applicable requirements of 
this code, prepackaged and pre-engineered capacitor energy storage systems shall be installed in 
accordance with their listing and the manufacturer’s instructions. 
1206.3.4.3 Energy management system. An approved energy management system shall be provided 
for monitoring and balancing capacitor voltages, currents and temperatures within the manufacturer’s 
specifications. The system shall transmit an alarm signal to an approved location if potentially 
hazardous temperatures or other conditions such as short circuits, over voltage or under voltage are 
detected. 
1206.3.4.4 Capacitor chargers. Capacitor chargers shall be compatible with the capacitor 
manufacturer’s electrical ratings and charging specifications. Capacitor chargers shall be listed and 
labeled in accordance with UL 1564 or provided as part of a listed pre-engineered or prepackaged 
capacitor energy storage system. 
1206.3.4.5 Toxic and highly toxic gas. Capacitor energy storage systems that have the potential to 
release toxic and highly toxic materials during charging, discharging and normal use conditions shall 
comply with Chapter 60. 
1206.3.5 Fire-extinguishing and detection systems. Fire-extinguishing and smoke detection systems 
shall be provided in capacitor energy storage system rooms in accordance with Sections 1206.3.5.1

through 1206.3.5.2. 
1206.3.5.1 Fire-extinguishing systems. Rooms containing capacitor energy storage systems shall be 
equipped with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 
Commodity classifications for specific capacitor technologies shall be in accordance with Chapter 5 of 
NFPA 13. If the capacitor types are not addressed in Chapter 5 of NFPA 13, the fire code official is 
authorized to approve the automatic sprinkler system based on full-scale fire and fault condition 
testing conducted by an approved laboratory. 
1206.3.5.1.1 Alternative fire-extinguishing systems. Capacitor energy storage systems that utilize 
water-reactive materials shall be protected by an approved alternative automatic fire-extinguishing 
system in accordance with Section 904. The system shall be listed for protecting the type, 
arrangement and quantities of capacitors in the room. The fire code official shall be permitted to 
approve the system based on full-scale fire and fault condition testing conducted by an approved 
laboratory. 
1206.3.5.2 Smoke detection system. An approved automatic smoke detection system shall be installed 
in rooms containing capacitor energy storage systems in accordance with Section 907.2. 
1206.3.5.3 Ventilation. Where capacitors release flammable gases during normal operating conditions, 
ventilation of rooms containing capacitor energy storage systems shall be provided in accordance with 
the International Mechanical Code and one of the following: 
1. The ventilation system shall be designed to limit the maximum concentration of flammable gas to 
25 percent of the lower flammability limit. 
2. Continuous ventilation shall be provided at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per minute (cfm) 
per square foot [0.00508 m3/(s • m2)] of floor area, but not less than 150 cfm (4 m3/min). 
The exhaust system shall be designed to provide air movement across all parts of the floor for 
gases having a vapor density greater than air and across all parts of the ceiling for gases having a 
vapor density less than air. 
1206.3.5.3.1 Supervision. Required mechanical ventilation systems for rooms containing capacitor 
energy storage systems shall be supervised by an approved central station, proprietary or remote 
station service, or shall initiate an audible and visible signal at an approved, constantly attended on- 
site location. 
1206.3.5.4 Spill control and neutralization. Where capacitors contain liquid electrolyte, approved 
methods and materials shall be provided for the control and neutralization of spills of electrolyte or 
other hazardous materials in areas containing capacitors as follows: 
1. For capacitors with free-flowing electrolyte, the method and materials shall be capable of 
neutralizing a spill of the total capacity from the largest cell or block to a pH between 5.0 and 
9.0. 
2. For capacitors with immobilized electrolyte, the method and material shall be capable of 
neutralizing a spill of 3.0 percent of the capacity of the largest cell or block in the room to a pH 
between 5.0 and 9.0. 
1206.3.6 Testing, maintenance, and repair. Capacitors and associated equipment and systems shall be 
tested and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Any capacitors or system 
components used to replace existing units shall be compatible with the capacitor charger, energy 
management systems, other capacitors, and other safety systems. Introducing different capacitor 
technologies into the capacitor energy storage system shall be treated as a new installation and require 
approval by the fire code official before the replacements are introduced into service. 
1206.4 Energy storage system in Group R-3 and R-4 occupancies. Energy storage systems in Group R-3 and 
R-4 occupancies shall be installed and maintained in accordance with this section. The temporary use of an 
owner or occupant's electric-powered vehicle as an energy storage system shall be in accordance with this 
section. 
*Exception: Energy storage systems in Group R-3 and R-4 occupancies with a capacity of 3 kWh or less. 
1206.4.1 Equipment listings. Energy storage system shall be listed and labeled for residential use in 
accordance with UL 9540. 
Exceptions:

1. 
Where approved, repurposed unlisted battery systems from electric vehicles may be installed 
outdoors or in detached dedicated cabinets located not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) from exterior 
walls, property lines and public ways. 
2. Energy storage systems less than 1 kWh. 
1206.4.2 Installation. Energy storage system shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's 
instructions and their listing. 
1206.4.2.1 Spacing. Individual units shall be separated from each other by at least 3 feet (914 mm) of 
spacing unless smaller separation distances are documented and approved by the fire code official to be 
adequate based on large-scale fire testing. 
1206.4.3 Location. Energy storage systems shall only be installed in the following locations: 
1. Detached garages and detached accessory structures. 
2. Attached garages separated from the dwelling unit living space and sleeping units in accordance 
with Section 406.3.2 of the International Building Code. 
3. Outdoors on exterior walls in accordance with 1206.4.3.1 
*4. Other locations with Fire Marshal approval. 
1206.4.3.1 Exterior wall and outdoor installations. Energy storage systems shall be permitted to be 
installed outdoors on exterior walls of buildings or on the ground where all of the following conditions 
are met: 
1. The maximum energy capacity of individual energy storage system units shall not exceed 20 kWh. 
*2. The installation is in accordance with zoning setback requirements. 
3. The energy storage system shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions 
and their listing. 
4. Individual energy storage system units shall be separated from each other by not less than 3 feet 
(914 mm). 
5. The energy storage system shall be separated from doors, windows, operable openings into 
buildings, or HVAC inlets by at least 5 feet (1524 mm). 
Exception: Where approved by the fire code official, smaller separation distances in Items 4 and 
5 may be permitted based on large scale fire testing 
1206.4.4 Energy ratings. Individual energy storage systems units shall have a maximum rating of 20 kwh. 
The aggregate rating structure shall not exceed: * 
1. 80 kWh in attached or detached garages and detached accessory structures. 
2. 80 kWh on exterior walls. 
3. 80 kWh outdoors on the ground. 
1206.4.5 Electrical installation. Energy storage system shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 70. 
Inverters shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1741 or provided as part of the UL 9540 listing. 
Systems connected to the utility grid shall use inverters listed for utility interaction. 
1206.4.6 Fire detection. Rooms and areas within dwellings units, sleeping units and attached garages in 
which energy storage systems are installed shall be protected by smoke alarms in accordance with Section 
907.2.10. A heat detector listed and interconnected to the smoke alarms shall be installed in locations 
within dwelling units, sleeping units and attached garages where smoke alarms cannot be installed based 
on their listing. 
1206.4.7 Protection from impact. Stationary storage battery systems installed in a location subject to 
vehicle damage shall be protected by approved barriers. Appliances in garages shall also be installed in 
accordance with Section 304.3 of the International Mechanical Code. 
1206.4.8 Ventilation. Indoor installations of energy storage systems that include batteries that produce 
hydrogen or other flammable gases during charging shall be provided with ventilation in accordance with 
Section 1206.2.11.3. 
1206.4.9 Toxic and highly toxic gas. Energy storage systems that have the potential to release toxic or 
highly toxic gas during charging, discharging and normal use conditions shall not be installed within Group 
R-3 or R-4 occupancies.

APPENDIX 
 
[Amendment] 
Appendix B - Table B105.2 – Minimum Fire Flow (gpm) shall be amended to read “50% of the value in 
Table B105.1(2)a / 50% of the value in Table B105.1(2)b 
 
[Delete] 
Appendix M – High – Rise Buildings – Retroactive Automatic Sprinkler Requirement  
 
[Add] 
Appendix O - Fire Emergency Access Signage Details (see attachment)