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PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTING THE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS EMISSION GUIDELINES AND COMPLIANCE TIMES IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 111(D) OF THE CLEAN AIR ACT AND 40 CFR 60, SUBPART B October 2022 (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 2 of 24 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction The Maricopa County Air Quality Department (MCAQD) Section 111(d) Plan Section I Enforceable MCAQD Mechanisms for Emission Guideline Implementation Section II Demonstration of the MCAQD’s Legal Authority Section III Inventory of Existing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfills Within the Jurisdiction of MCAQD Affected by the Emission Guidelines Section IV Inventory of Non-Methane Organic Compounds (NMOC) Emissions from Existing MSW Landfills Within the Jurisdiction of MCAQD Affected by the Emission Guidelines Section V Emission Standards for Existing MSW Landfills Section VI Operational Standards for Collection and Control Systems Section VII Review Process for Control System Design Plans Section VIII Compliance Schedule Section IX Testing, Monitoring, Recordkeeping, and Reporting Requirements Section X A Record of Public Hearing(s) on the MCAQD Section 111(d) Plan Section XI Provision for Annual MCAQD Progress Reports to the EPA List of Tables Table 1: MSW Landfills Inventory Within the Jurisdiction of MCAQD Affected by the Emission Guidelines Table 2: MCAQD Estimated 2020 NMOC Emissions Appendices Appendix A: Maricopa County Air Pollution Control Regulations, Regulation III-Control of Air Contaminants, Rule 321 (Existing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfills) Appendix B: Documentation of the Public Participation Process (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 3 of 24 INTRODUCTION On August 29, 2016, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated emission guidelines for municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills under the Clean Air Act (CAA), Section 111 (Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources). The emission guidelines set forth specific mechanisms and requirements for controlling emissions of methane, with emission of non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs) used as a proxy to aid in such control. The emission guidelines became effective on October 28, 2016 and have been codified at Title 40 (Protection of Environment) of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 60, Subpart Cf (Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills). CAA Section 111(d) and 40 CFR 60, Subpart Cf, Section 60.30(f)(b) require States to submit to the EPA a plan to implement the emission guidelines and compliance times for MSW landfills. State plans submitted to the EPA must include elements described in the EPA regulations, including 40 CFR 60, Subparts B (Adoption and Submittal of State Plans for Designated Facilities) and Subpart Cf, as well as the elements listed in the EPA guidance document, Municipal Solid Waste Landfills, Volume 2 (referred to as the “guidance document”). The guidance document originally focused on the State plan development and approval process for 40 CFR 60, Subpart Cc (Emission Guidelines for Existing Municipal Solid Waste Landfills). These same submittal requirements for 40 CFR 60, Subpart Cc, have been used as the basis for preparing this plan (referred to as the “Section 111(d) Plan”) to comply with the new emission guidelines as promulgated at 40 CFR 60, Subpart Cf. The EPA requires any State Plan required by the CAA Section 111(d) to contain specific elements. The EPA guidance document provided guidance to merge the specific requirements of 40 CFR 60, Subpart Cc and the general requirements of the CAA Section 111(d) elements into a State Plan for MSW landfills. Using the information provided in these two documents, Maricopa County Air Quality Department (MCAQD) identified the following requirements to be included in the Section 111(d) Plan: 1) Identification of enforceable state mechanisms selected by the State for implementing the EPA emission guidelines; 2) A demonstration of the State’s legal authority to carry out the Section 111(d) State Plan as submitted; 3) An inventory of existing MSW landfills in the State affected by the emission guidelines. An existing MSW landfill may be active (currently accepting waste or having additional capacity available to accept waste) or closed (no longer accepting waste and permanently inactive); 4) An inventory of emissions from existing MSW landfills in the State affected by the emission guidelines; 5) Emission standards for existing MSW landfills in the state that are affected by the emission guidelines; 6) Provisions for the operational standards of gas collection and control systems; 7) The State process, as stipulated in 40 CFR 60, Subpart Cf, for review and approval of site- specific gas collection and control system design plans; 8) Compliance schedules, extending no later than 30 months after the date the annual non- methane organic compound emission rate reaches or exceeds 34 megagrams (Mg) per year; 9) Testing, monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements; (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 4 of 24 10) A record of public hearing(s) on the State Plan; and 11) A provision for annual MCAQD progress reports to EPA on implementation of the State Plan. The remainder of this Section 111(d) Plan will describe how the MCAQD Section 111(d) Plan meets each of the above requirements. For the purposes of this Section 111(d) Plan, MCAQD is considered a “State”. In 40 CFR 60.2 (Definitions): State means all non-Federal authorities, including local agencies, interstate associations, and State-wide programs, that have delegated authority to implement: (1) The provisions of this part; and/or (2) the permit program established under part 70 of this chapter. The term State shall have its conventional meaning where clear from the context. “And/or” as used in the above definition, means that the term “state” includes local agencies that have authority to implement either or both of the programs mentioned. MCAQD has the authority to implement both the provisions of 40 CFR 60 and the permit program established under 40 CFR 70. In clause (1) of the definition, “this part” refers to 40 CFR 60. MCAQD has delegation to administer the provisions of 40 CFR 60 and therefore qualifies under this clause. Part 70 consists of the requirements for state Title V programs. MCAQD has delegated authority (or more accurately, an approved program) under Title V and 40 CFR 70, and therefore qualifies under this clause as well. Concurrently on August 29, 2016, the EPA promulgated, under Section 111(b) of the Clean Air Act, a New Source Performance Standard (NSPS) for new, modified, or reconstructed MSW landfills. The NSPS is codified at 40 CFR 60, Subpart XXX (Standards of Performance for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills That Commenced Construction, Reconstruction, or Modification After July 17, 2014). The MCAQD Section 111(d) Plan does not address the NSPS. This NSPS was incorporated by reference into the Maricopa County Air Pollution Control Regulations under Regulation III-Control of Air Contaminants, Rule 360, (New Source Performance Standards) on November 7, 2018.1 The MCAQD’s Air Pollution Control Regulations, Regulation III-Control of Air Contaminants, Rule 321, (Existing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfills)2 has been revised to fulfill the above listed requirements for establishing performance standards for existing MSW landfills within Maricopa County. 1 Maricopa County Air Pollution Control Regulations, Regulation III-Control of Air Contaminants, Rule 360, (New Source Performance Standards). Revised and adopted by the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors on November 7, 2018. 2 Maricopa County Air Pollution Control Regulations, Regulation III-Control of Air Contaminants, Rule 321, (Existing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfills). Revised and adopted by the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors on September 28, 2022. (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 5 of 24 THE MARICOPA COUNTY AIR QUALITY DEPARTMENT SECTION 111(D) PLAN SECTION I Enforceable MCAQD Mechanisms for Emission Guideline Implementation (40 CFR 60.24(a); 40 CFR 60.33f, 34f, 35f, 36f, 37f, 38f, 39f, and 40f) The primary mechanism selected by MCAQD to implement the emission guidelines for MSW landfills under MCAQD’s jurisdiction is through the incorporation of the new requirements (40 CFR 60, Subpart Cf, 81 FR 59332, August 29, 2016) in the Maricopa County Air Pollution Control Regulations, Regulation III-Control of Air Contaminants, Rule 321 (Existing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfills). MCAQD originally drafted and adopted Rule 321 on May 14, 1997, in response to the issuance of the Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources and Guidelines for Control of Existing Sources: Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (40 CFR 60, Subparts Cc and WWW, 61 FR 9905, March 12, 1996). Rule 321 implemented the federal standards of performance set forth in 40 CFR 60, Subpart WWW (Standards of Performance for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills) and all accompanying appendices, excluding 40 CFR 60.750, which were adopted and incorporated by reference. Rule 321 was revised September 28, 2022 to implement the new MSW landfill emission guidelines and reflects the requirements in 40 CFR 60, Subpart Cf (Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills) as promulgated August 29, 2016 (81 FR 59313). These revisions included changing the applicability of the rule to “existing MSW landfills that commenced construction, modification, or reconstruction on or before July 17, 2014” and changing the standards of performance to require affected facilities to comply with the requirements of 40 CFR 60, Subpart Cf. SECTION II Demonstration of the MCAQD’s Legal Authority (40 CFR 60.26) MCAQD has implemented the new emission guidelines, 40 CFR 60, Subpart Cf, for MSW landfills with appropriate revisions into a legally enforceable Rule 321 (Existing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfills). The legal authority for MCAQD to carry out the Section 111(d) State Plan comes from both the code of federal regulations (CFR) and the Arizona Revised Statutes (A.R.S.). Federal Authority for MCAQD to issue and administer rules under Title 40 (Protection of the Environment: 40 CFR 60 (Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources), 60.20, Applicability 60.23, Adoption and Submittal of State Plans 60.24, Emission standards and compliance schedules 60.25, Emission inventories, source surveillance, reports 60.26, Legal Authority 40 CFR 60.4(d)(1) (Arizona Delegation Status for New Source Performance Standards for Arizona) 40 CFR 70 (State Operating Permit Programs) Appendix A (Approval Status of State and Local Operating Permits Programs, Arizona (b)(2)) (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 6 of 24 Arizona Authority for MCAQD to issue and administer rules under Arizona Revised Statutes (A.R.S.): A.R.S. §49-112, County regulation; standards A.R.S. §49-474, County control boards A.R.S. §49-471.09, County rule or ordinance making record A.R.S. §49-479, Rules; hearing A.R.S. §49-480, Permits; fees The authority that establishes the procedure for MCAQD rule adoption of a County regulation is found in Arizona Revised Statutes: A.R.S. §49-112, County regulation; standards A.R.S. §49-471.04, Notice of proposed rule or ordinance making A.R.S. §49-474, County control boards A.R.S. §49-479, Rules; hearing A.R.S. §49-480, Permits; fees MCAQD has complied with the rulemaking process for the adoption of the revised Rule 321 (Existing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfills). SECTION III Inventory of Existing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfills Within the Jurisdiction of MCAQD Affected by the Emission Guidelines (40 CFR 60.25(a) and (c)) MCAQD conducted a source analysis for existing MSW landfills within our jurisdiction and created a designated facility inventory (see Table 1). This list consists of five operating municipal solid waste facilities above the 2.5 million Mg/yr and 2.5 million m3 threshold that accepted municipal waste after November 8, 1987. Table 1: MSW Landfills Inventory Within the Jurisdiction of MCAQD Affected by the Emission Guidelines Facility Status Landfill Facility Maximum Design Capacity ≥ 2.5 million Mg by mass or ≥ 2.5 million m³ by volume SR 85 Landfill Active Northwest Regional Landfill Active Southwest Regional Landfill Active Butterfield Station Landfill Active City of Glendale Landfill Active SECTION IV Inventory of Non-Methane Organic Compounds (NMOC) Emissions from Existing MSW Landfills Within the Jurisdiction of MCAQD Affected by the Emission Guidelines (40 CFR 60.25(a) and (c)) The EPA regulations require a State Plan to include an inventory of all designated facilities’ emissions data for the designated pollutants. The emission inventory in this Plan must estimate emissions of non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) using guidance and methods provided by (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 7 of 24 the EPA and must be correlated with applicable emission standards. An emissions inventory of potential NMOC emissions from existing MSW landfills within the jurisdiction of MCAQD affected by the emission guidelines was prepared using the EPA LandGEM model. LandGEM is based on a first-order decomposition rate equation for quantifying emissions from the decomposition of landfilled waste in MSW landfills. Table 2, below, provides a summary of the designated MSW landfills in Maricopa County, and their emissions profiles based on the LandGEM model using arid climate CAA defaults for each. Waste deposit data has been complied for all sources, and results are taken from the 2020 inventory year, i.e., the current emissions as projected by LandGEM. Table 2: MCAQD Estimated 2020 NMOC Emissions Facility MCAQD Facility ID Design Capacity Status 2020 NMOC Emissions SR 85 Landfill F001209 270,341,055 Mg Active 145 Mg/year Northwest Regional Landfill F001644 124,903,800 m³ Active 215 Mg/year Southwest Regional Landfill F001347 108,862,170 Mg Active 158 Mg/year Butterfield Station Landfill F000441 86,762,278 Mg Active 504 Mg/year City of Glendale Landfill F000079 30,572,126 Mg Active 130 Mg/year The summary provided in Table 2, above, represents the estimated emissions of NMOC for the inventory year 2020 and are provided in accordance with EPA regulations as an emissions inventory for NMOC. Table 2 provides a summary of the five LandGEM models and yields approximately a combined 1,280 tons of NMOC per year based on the use of “arid region” parameters. The EPA defines an arid region as receiving fewer than 25 inches of average annual rainfall. Per the 2020 US Climate Data3, the average annual precipitation for the Phoenix area is 8.03 inches. SECTION V Emission Standards for Existing MSW Landfills (40 CFR 60.24(b)(1), (c); and 40 CFR 60.33f and 60.36f) The EPA regulations require a State Plan to implement emission standards for existing MSW landfills. The emission standard provisions must (with certain limited exceptions) be as stringent as those required in the EPA emission guidelines. MCAQD revised Rule 321 to reflect all of the requirements in 40 CFR 60, Subpart Cf. By requiring the compliance of all affected facilities with these emission guidelines, the emission standards will be enforced as per 40 CFR 60.24(b)(1), (c); and 40 CFR 60.33f and 60.36f. 3 2020 US Climate Data, version 3.0. (http://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/phoenix/arizona/united- states/usaz0166) (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 8 of 24 SECTION VI Operational Standards for Collection and Control Systems (40 CFR 60.34f) The EPA regulations require a State Plan to include provisions for the operational standards of a gas collection and control system used to comply with the provisions of 40 CFR 60.33f(b) and (c). MCAQD revised Rule 321 to reflect all of the requirements in 40 CFR 60, Subpart Cf. By requiring the compliance of all affected facilities with these emission guidelines, the operational standards for collection and control systems requirement will be enforced as per 40 CFR 60.34f. SECTION VII Review Process for Control System Design Plans (40 CFR 60.36f(d)) The EPA regulations require a State Plan to have a process for reviewing the gas collection and control system design plans of specific existing MSW landfills when a facility crosses the regulatory emissions threshold for installation of a gas collection and control system. MCAQD revised Rule 321 to reflect all of the requirements in 40 CFR 60, Subpart Cf. By requiring the compliance of all affected facilities with these emission guidelines, the review process requirements for control system design plans will be enforced as per 40 CFR 60.36f(d). SECTION VIII Compliance Schedule (40 CFR 60.24(a) and (e); and 40 CFR 60.32f) The EPA regulations require a State Plan to establish a compliance schedule for implementing emission standards for existing MSW landfills. The compliance provisions must (with certain limited exceptions) be as stringent as those required in the EPA emission guidelines. MCAQD revised Rule 321 to reflect all of the requirements in 40 CFR 60, Subpart Cf. By requiring the compliance of all affected facilities with these emission guidelines, the compliance schedule requirements will be enforced as per 40 CFR 60.24(a) and (e); and 40 CFR 60.32f. SECTION IX Testing, Monitoring, Recordkeeping, and Reporting Requirements (40 CFR 60.25(b) and 40 CFR 60.34f, 60.35f, 60.37f, 60.38f, 60.39f and 60.40f) The EPA regulations require a State Plan to include provisions for MSW landfill sources to conduct testing, monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting as called for by the EPA emission guidelines. MCAQD revised Rule 321 to reflect all of the requirements in 40 CFR 60, Subpart Cf. By requiring the compliance of all affected facilities with these emission guidelines, the testing, monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements will be enforced as per 40 CFR 60.25(b) and 40 CFR 60.34f, 60.35f, 60.37f, 60.38f, 60.39f and 60.40f. SECTION X A Record of Public Hearing(s) on the MCAQD Section 111(d) Plan (40 CFR 60.23) In adopting a State Plan, the EPA regulations require a State Plan submittal to demonstrate compliance with federal requirements for a public hearing on a proposed State Plan. These requirements are specified at 40 CFR 60.23(c), (d), (e) and (f) and documentation of compliance with (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 9 of 24 these requirements is in Appendix B (Documentation of the Public Participation Process) of this document. MCAQD held a public hearing (40 CFR 60.23(c)) on the MCAQD Section 111(d) Plan on September 28, 2022 after publishing a notice at least 30 days prior to the date of the hearing. MCAQD’s record of public hearing on the MCAQD Section 111(d) Plan includes the following: 1) A Notice of the Public Hearing that was published in the Arizona Business Gazette and also posted on the Maricopa County Enhanced Regulatory Outreach Program (EROP) website. These notices prominently advertised the date, time and place of the hearing. A notification email of the posting of the public hearing was distributed to everyone signed up to receive regulatory updates from MCAQD. (40 CFR 60.23(d)(1)) 2) Information in the above notices stated that a draft of the MCAQD Section 111(d) Plan was available for public inspection on the Maricopa County EROP website. (40 CFR 60.23(d)(2)) 3) The hearing documents were provided to the EPA Regional Administrator, local affected solid waste agencies, and the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality via a notification email. (40 CFR 60.23(d)(3) and (4)) 4) MCAQD prepared and will retain, for a minimum of 2 years, a record of each hearing for inspection by any interested party. (40 CFR 60.23(e)) 5) MCAQD included a certified copy of the action taken by the BOS at a public hearing that includes a transcript of the hearing, testimony and exhibits that were presented. (40 CFR 60.23(f)) SECTION XI Provision for Annual MCAQD Progress Reports to the EPA (40 CFR60.25(e) and (f)) The EPA regulations require states to submit annual progress reports on the progress of Plan enforcement. MCAQD will submit annual progress reports to the EPA documenting the progress of the MCAQD Section 111(d) Plan according to 40 CFR 60.25(e) and (f). (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 10 of 24 APPENDIX A Maricopa County Air Pollution Control Regulations Regulation III-Control of Air Contaminants Rule 321 Existing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfills (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 11 of 24 MARICOPA COUNTY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL REGULATIONS REGULATION III – CONTROL OF AIR CONTAMINANTS RULE 321 EXISTING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) LANDFILLS INDEX SECTION 100 – GENERAL 101 PURPOSE 102 APPLICABILITY SECTION 200 – DEFINITIONS 201 AFFECTED FACILITY 202 COMMENCED SECTION 300 – STANDARDS 301 REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING MSW LANDFILLS WITH NMOC EMISSION RATES AT OR ABOVE FEDERAL THRESHOLDS 302 REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING MSW LANDFILLS WITH NMOC EMISSION RATES BELOW FEDERAL THRESHOLDS SECTION 400 – ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS SECTION 500 – MONITORING AND RECORDS (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 12 of 24 Adopted 05/14/1997; Revised 03/01/2000; Revised 03/07/2001; Revised 11/19/2003; Revised 03/15/2006; Revised 12/17/2008; Revised 09/16/2009; Revised 07/07/2010; Revised 08/17/2011; Revised 07/25/2012; Revised 03/26/2014; Revised 11/05/2014; Revised 11/18/2015; Revised 11/02/2016; Revised 09/28/2022 MARICOPA COUNTY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL REGULATIONS REGULATION III – CONTROL OF AIR CONTAMINANTS RULE 321 EXISTING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) LANDFILLS SECTION 100 – GENERAL 101 PURPOSE: To limit the emissions of non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) from existing MSW landfills. 102 APPLICABILITY: The provisions of this rule shall apply to existing MSW landfills that: 102.1 Commenced construction, reconstruction, or modification on or before July 17, 2014; and 102.2 Have accepted waste at any time since November 8, 1987 or have additional design capacity available for future waste deposition. SECTION 200 – DEFINITIONS: See Maricopa County Air Control Regulations, Rule 100 (General Provisions and Definitions) and 40 CFR 60, Subpart Cf for definitions of terms that are used but not specifically defined in this rule. For the purpose of this rule, the following definitions shall apply, in addition to those definitions found in Rule 100 and 40 CFR 60, Subpart Cf. In the event of any inconsistency between any of the Maricopa County Air Pollution Control Regulations, the definitions in this rule take precedence. 201 AFFECTED FACILITY: Any MSW landfill to which this rule is applicable. 202 COMMENCED: State or condition where an owner or operator has undertaken a continuous program of construction; or where an owner or operator has entered into a contractual obligation to undertake and complete such a program. SECTION 300 – STANDARDS 301 REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING MSW LANDFILLS WITH NMOC EMISSION RATES AT OR ABOVE FEDERAL THRESHOLDS: Each owner or operator of an affected facility which reaches or exceeds the annual NMOC emission rates specified in 40 CFR 60.33f(a)(3) or 40 CFR 60.33f(a)(4) shall comply with all requirements of 40 CFR 60, Subpart Cf. All references to the Administrator in 40 CFR 60, Subpart Cf shall be understood as the Control Officer, except that the Control Officer shall not be empowered to approve alternative test methods to determine the NMOC emission rate. 302 REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING MSW LANDFILLS WITH NMOC EMISSION RATES BELOW FEDERAL THRESHOLDS: Each owner or operator of (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 13 of 24 an affected facility with annual NMOC emission rates below those specified in 40 CFR 60.33f(a)(3) or 40 CFR 60.33f(a)(4) with an installed and operational landfill gas collection and control system (GCCS) shall comply with the following requirements: 302.1 Operational Requirements: Each owner or operator shall operate and maintain an existing GCCS that meets the following requirements: a. The GCCS shall: (1) Be designed and operated to handle the expected gas flow rate; (2) Contain extraction wells which shall be maintained in any number and spacing necessary to maintain emission and migration control and to collect gas from each area, cell, or group of cells in the landfill which are still generating gas as determined by measures of performance set forth in this rule; (3) Collect gas at a rate sufficient to maintain a negative pressure at all wellheads in the collection system without causing air infiltration, including any wellheads connected to the system as a result of expansion or excess surface emissions, for the life of the blower; and (4) Be designed and operated to minimize off-site migration of subsurface gas and potential offsite impacts. b. All collected gas shall be routed to a control system that complies with the requirements in either paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of this section. (1) A non-enclosed flare designed and operated in accordance with the parameters established in 40 CFR 60.18; or (2) A control system designed and operated to reduce NMOC by 98 weight percent, or, when an enclosed combustion device is used for control, to either reduce NMOC by 98 weight percent or reduce the outlet NMOC concentration to less than 20 parts per million (ppm) by volume, dry basis as hexane at 3% oxygen. The reduction efficiency or ppm by volume must be established by an initial performance test to be completed no later than 180 days after the initial startup of the approved control system using the test methods specified in § 302.2(a). The performance test is not required for boilers and process heaters with design heat input capacities equal to or greater than 44 megawatts that burn landfill gas for compliance with § 302. (a) If a boiler or process heater is used as the control device, the landfill gas stream must be introduced into the flame zone. (b) The control device must be operated within the parameter ranges established during the initial or most recent performance test. The operating parameters to be monitored are specified in § 302.1(c); (3) Route all the collected gas to a treatment system that processes the collected gas for subsequent sale or beneficial use such as fuel for combustion, production of vehicle fuel, production of high-Btu gas for pipeline injection, or use as a raw material in a chemical manufacturing process. Venting of treated landfill gas to the ambient air is not allowed. If the treated landfill gas (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 14 of 24 cannot be routed for subsequent sale or beneficial use, then the treated landfill gas must be controlled according to either paragraph (1) or (2) of this section. (4) All emissions from any atmospheric vent from the gas treatment system are subject to the requirements of paragraph (1) or (2) of this section. For purposes of § 302, atmospheric vents located on the condensate storage tank are not part of the treatment system and are exempt from the requirements of paragraph (1) or (2) of this section. c. The GCCS shall be operated: (1) Within the parameter ranges established during the most recent performance test. (2) With negative pressure at each wellhead except under the following conditions: (a) A fire or increased well temperature. The owner or operator shall record instances when positive pressure occurs in efforts to avoid a fire. (b) Use of a geomembrane or synthetic cover. The owner or operator shall develop acceptable pressure limits in the GCCS design plan. (c) A decommissioned well. The owner or operator shall record any decommissioning of wells. (d) When the GCCS is not operating. The owner or operator shall record instances when the GCCS is not operating or being used intermittently. (e) When using a passive venting system, as included in the approved GCCS design plan. (3) At all times when the collected gas is routed to the control device. (4) So that the methane concentration is less than 500 ppm above background at the surface of the landfill, as per the requirements and frequencies under § 302.4(c). To determine if this level is exceeded, the owner or operator must: (a) Conduct surface testing using an organic vapor analyzer, flame ionization detector, or other portable monitor meeting the compliance specifications in § 302.3(b). (b) Conduct surface testing around the perimeter of the collection area and along a pattern that traverses the landfill at no more than 30-meter intervals and where visual observations indicate elevated concentrations of landfill gas, such as distressed vegetation and cracks or seeps in the cover and all cover penetrations which extend into the waste mass. Thus, the owner or operator must monitor any openings that are within an area of the landfill where waste has been placed and a gas collection system is required. The owner or operator may establish an alternative traversing pattern that ensures equivalent coverage. (c) Develop a surface monitoring plan to be included in the design plan that includes a topographical map with the monitoring route and the rationale (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 15 of 24 for any site-specific deviations from the 30-meter intervals. Areas with steep slopes or other dangerous areas may be excluded from the surface testing. d. The owner or operator shall submit a revision to the most current GCCS design plan whenever a change is made to the GCCS. 302.2 Test Methods and Procedures: Each owner or operator of a control system described in § 302.1(b)(2) shall conduct a performance test of the control system at least once every five years in accordance with Rule 270 of these regulations and the provisions below: a. Performance testing shall be conducted using the following test methods: (1) EPA Method 25, 25C, or 18 shall be used to determine compliance with the 98 weight percent efficiency or the 20 ppm by volume outlet concentration level requirement. (a) In cases where the outlet concentration is less than 50 ppm NMOC as carbon (8 ppm NMOC as hexane), EPA Method 25A should be used in place of EPA Method 25. (b) If using EPA Method 18, the minimum list of compounds to be tested shall be those published in the most recent Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42). (2) The following equation shall be used to calculate control efficiency: Control Efficiency = (NMOCin − NMOCout)/(NMOCin) where, NMOCin = mass of NMOC entering control device NMOCout = mass of NMOC exiting control device (3) EPA Method 3 or 3A shall be used to determine the oxygen content for correcting the NMOC concentration as hexane to 3% oxygen. EPA Method 19 shall be used to determine the exhaust stream flowrate. (4) EPA Method 7E shall be used to determine emissions of NOx and EPA Method 10 shall be used to determine emissions of CO. (5) If using an enclosed flare, the owner or operator shall record the combustion chamber temperature and landfill gas flow rate during the performance test. b. The NMOC emission rate for the landfill shall be calculated using the following equation: MNMOC = (1.89 × 10−3)× QLFG × CNMOC where, MNMOC = mass emission rate of NMOC, megagrams per year QLFG = flow rate of landfill gas, cubic meters per minute CNMOC = NMOC concentration, ppm by volume as hexane (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 16 of 24 (1) The flow rate of landfill gas, QLFG, shall be determined by measuring the total landfill gas flow rate at the common header pipe that leads to the control device using a gas flow measuring device calibrated according to the provisions of section 10 of EPA Method 2E or according to manufacturer recommendations. (2) The average NMOC concentration, CNMOC, shall be determined by collecting and analyzing landfill gas sampled from the common header pipe before the gas moving or condensate removal equipment using the procedures in EPA Methods 25C or 18. If using EPA Method 18, the minimum list of compounds to be tested shall be those published most recently in AP-42. The sample location on the common header pipe shall be before any condensate removal or other gas refining units. The owner or operator shall divide the NMOC concentration from EPA Method 25C by six to convert from CNMOC as carbon to CNMOC as hexane. (3) The NMOC emission rate for the landfill will be assumed to be greater than 17 megagrams per year until the owner or operator calculates the NMOC rate for the landfill to be less than 17 megagrams per year as described in § 302.6(c). 302.3 Compliance: Each owner or operator shall utilize the following methods to determine compliance with the operational requirements of § 302.1. a. The following procedures must be used for compliance with the GCCS operational requirements as provided in § 302.1: (1) Actual flow data may be used instead of, or in conjunction with, the equations in 40 CFR 60.36f(a)(1) to project the expected gas generation flow rate. (2) For the purposes of determining sufficient density of gas collectors, the owner or operator shall maintain a system of vertical wells, horizontal collectors, or other collection devices consistent with the approved GCCS design plan, capable of controlling and extracting gas from all portions of the landfill sufficient to meet all operational and performance standards. (3) The provisions of this rule apply at all times that the GCCS is in operation. The gas mover system must be shut down and all valves in the collection and control system contributing to venting of the gas to the atmosphere must be closed within one hour of the collection or control system not operating. b. The following procedures must be used for compliance with the surface methane operational requirements as provided in § 302.1 and frequencies as provided in § 302.4(c): (1) After startup of the GCCS, the owner or operator must monitor surface concentrations of methane along the entire perimeter of the collection area and along a pattern that traverses the landfill at no more than 30-meter intervals (or a site-specific established spacing) for each collection area on a quarterly basis using an organic vapor analyzer, flame ionization detector, or other portable monitor meeting the specifications provided in paragraph b(6) (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 17 of 24 of this section, or through the use of alternative technologies if approved by the Control Officer. (2) The background concentration must be determined by moving the probe inlet upwind and downwind outside the boundary of the landfill at a distance of at least 30 meters from the perimeter wells. (3) Surface emission monitoring must be performed in accordance with EPA Method 21, except that the probe inlet must be placed within 5 to 10 centimeters of the ground. Monitoring must be performed during typical meteorological conditions. (4) Any reading of 500 ppm or more above background at any location must be recorded as a monitored exceedance and the below actions must be taken. As long as the specified actions are taken, the exceedance is not a violation of the operational requirements of § 302.1: (a) The location of each monitored exceedance must be marked and the location and concentration recorded. Location shall be recorded as latitude and longitude coordinates using an instrument with an accuracy of at least four meters. The coordinates must be in decimal degrees with at least five decimal places. (b) Cover maintenance or adjustments to the vacuum of the adjacent wells to increase the gas collection in the vicinity of each exceedance must be made and the location must be re-monitored within 10 calendar days of detecting the exceedance. (c) If the re-monitoring of the location shows a second exceedance, additional corrective action must be taken and the location must be monitored again within 10 days of the second exceedance. If the re- monitoring shows a third exceedance for the same location, the action specified in paragraph (b)(4)(e) of this section must be taken, and no further monitoring of that location is required until the action specified in paragraph (b)(4)(e) of this section has been taken. (d) Any location that initially showed an exceedance but has a methane concentration less than 500 ppm methane above background at the 10- day re-monitoring specified in paragraph (b)(4)(b) or (c) of this section must be re-monitored one month from the initial exceedance. If the one- month re-monitoring shows a concentration less than 500 ppm above background, no further monitoring of that location is required until the next quarterly monitoring period. If the one-month re-monitoring shows an exceedance, the actions specified in paragraph (b)(4)(c) or (e) of this section must be taken. (e) For any location where monitored methane concentration equals or exceeds 500 ppm above background 3 times within a quarterly period, a new well or other collection device must be installed within 120 calendar days of the initial exceedance. An alternative remedy to the exceedance, such as upgrading the blower, header pipes or control device, and a (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 18 of 24 corresponding timeline for installation may be submitted to the Control Officer for approval. (5) The owner or operator must implement a program to monitor for cover integrity and implement cover repairs as necessary on a quarterly basis. If there are no cover issues identified for three consecutive quarterly monitoring periods, then the owner or operator may skip to annual monitoring. Any closed landfill that has skipped to annual monitoring and has had no cover issues identified for three consecutive years may stop monitoring for cover integrity, except after extreme weather events. In the case of extreme weather events, such as receiving 1 inch or more of rain over any 24 hour period as measured from the nearest Flood Control District of Maricopa County rain gauge, all necessary cover repairs must be made as soon as practical. (6) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with the provisions in this section must comply with the following instrumentation specifications and procedures for surface emission monitoring devices: (a) The portable analyzer must meet the instrument specifications provided in section 6 of EPA Method 21, except that “methane” replaces all references to “VOC”. (b) The calibration gas must be methane, diluted to a nominal concentration of 500 ppm in air. (c) To meet the performance evaluation requirements in section 8.1 of EPA Method 21, the instrument evaluation procedures of section 8.1 of EPA Method 21 must be used. (d) The calibration procedures provided in sections 8 and 10 of EPA Method 21 must be followed immediately before commencing a surface monitoring survey. 302.4 Monitoring of Operations: Each owner or operator shall monitor landfill operations by complying with the following requirements, as applicable: a. If using an enclosed combustor, it shall be installed, calibrated, maintained, and operated according to the manufacturer's specifications, including the following equipment: (1) A temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder and having a minimum accuracy of +/- 1% of the temperature being measured expressed in degrees Celsius or +/- 0.5 degrees Celsius, whichever is greater. A temperature monitoring device is not required for boilers or process heaters with design heat input capacity equal to or greater than 44 megawatts. (2) A device that records flow to, or bypass of, the control device. The owner or operator shall either: (a) Install, calibrate, and maintain a gas flow rate measuring device that shall record the flow to the control device at least every 15 minutes; or (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 19 of 24 (b) If equipped, secure the bypass line valve in the closed position with a car- seal or a lock-and-key type configuration. A visual inspection of the seal or closure mechanism shall be performed at least once every month to ensure that the valve is maintained in the closed position and that the gas flow is not diverted through the bypass line. b. If using a non-enclosed flare, it shall be installed, calibrated, maintained, and operated according to the manufacturer's specifications, including the following equipment: (1) A heat sensing device, such as an ultraviolet beam sensor or thermocouple, at the pilot light or the flame itself to indicate the continuous presence of a flame. (2) A device that records flow to the flare and bypass of the flare (if applicable). The owner or operator must: (a) Install, calibrate, and maintain a gas flow rate measuring device that records the flow to the control device at least every 15 minutes; and (b) Secure the bypass line valve in the closed position with a car-seal or a lock-and-key type configuration. A visual inspection of the seal or closure mechanism must be performed at least once every month to ensure that the valve is maintained in the closed position and that the gas flow is not diverted through the bypass line. c. Each owner or operator seeking to demonstrate compliance with the 500 ppm surface methane operational standard in § 302.1 must monitor surface concentrations of methane according to the compliance procedures and instrument specifications provided in § 302.3. In addition: (1) Any closed landfill that has no monitored exceedances of the operational standard in three consecutive quarterly monitoring periods may skip to annual monitoring. (2) Any methane reading of 500 ppm or more above background detected during the annual monitoring returns the frequency for that landfill to quarterly monitoring. (3) Any closed landfill that has skipped to annual monitoring and has had no monitored exceedances of the operational standard in three consecutive years may stop monitoring surface methane emissions. 302.5 Recordkeeping: Each owner or operator shall maintain the following records and make them available upon request. Records shall be retained for five years, except for the GCCS design plan which shall be kept and made available upon request while the GCCS is in use. a. A GCCS design plan that meets the design requirements in 40 CFR 60.33f(b) and 40 CFR 60.33f(c). (1) The GCCS design plan must include any alternatives to the operational standards, test methods, procedures, compliance measures, monitoring, (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 20 of 24 recordkeeping, or reporting provisions of § 302 proposed by the owner or operator. (2) The GCCS design plan must either conform to specifications for active collection systems in 40 CFR 60.40f or include a demonstration to the Control Officer’s satisfaction of the sufficiency of the alternative provisions to 40 CFR 60.40f. (3) An owner or operator of a GCCS control device shall maintain records of all GCCS control device’s maintenance (including the date when maintenance was performed and the maintenance procedures that were performed). In addition, one of the following documents shall be available at all times at the facility where the GCCS control device is located: (a) The manufacturer’s written instructions for operation and maintenance of the GCCS control device; or (b) A written maintenance schedule. b. Records of subsequent tests or monitoring shall be maintained for a minimum of five years. c. Records of the control device vendor specifications shall be maintained until removal of that control device. d. A record of the enclosed flare temperature recorded every 15 minutes or less by a continuous temperature recorder. e. Records of any cover integrity monitoring and repair, as described in § 302.3(b)(5). f. Records of any instance of wellhead positive pressure or insufficient pressure. g. Description and duration of all periods when the GCCS was not operating and length of time the GCCS was not operating, including periods of intermittent use of the GCCS. h. The calculation methodology used to estimate current emissions. i. A schedule for the replacement of the carbon canisters and any filter replacement for the leachate/condensate collection system, if applicable. j. Records of the location of each exceedance of the 500 ppm methane concentration as provided in § 302.3 and the concentration recorded at each location for which an exceedance was recorded in the previous month. Location shall be recorded as latitude and longitude coordinates using an instrument with an accuracy of at least four meters. The coordinates must be in decimal degrees with at least five decimal places. k. Records of any wells that have been decommissioned. l. Records of any supplemental fuel used in the operation of the GCCS. m. An up-to-date plot map showing each existing and planned collector in the system and providing a unique identification location label for each collector. (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 21 of 24 n. Records of the installation date and location of all newly installed collectors as specified under 40 CFR 60.36f(b). 302.6 Discontinuation of the GCCS: An owner or operator subject to this rule may submit a request to the Control Officer to cap, remove or decommission their GCCS if all of the following requirements are met: a. The landfill is a closed landfill, as defined in 40 CFR 60.41f; b. A closure report is submitted to the Control Officer as provided in 40 CFR 60.38f(f); and c. Following the procedures specified in 40 CFR 60.35f(b), the owner or operator demonstrates that the calculated NMOC emission rate at the landfill is less than 17 megagrams per year on 3 successive test dates. The test dates must be no less than 90 days apart, and no more than 180 days apart and must be submitted to the Control Officer within 60 days after the date of calculating the NMOC emission rate. SECTION 400 – ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS: For the purpose of this rule, sources subject to § 301 shall comply with the administrative requirements in 40 CFR 60.38f and 40 CFR 60.39f. Sources subject to § 302 shall comply with the administrative requirements in § 302 of this rule. SECTION 500 – MONITORING AND RECORDS: For the purpose of this rule, sources subject to § 301 shall comply with the monitoring and recordkeeping requirements in 40 CFR 60.37f and 40 CFR 60.39f. Sources subject to § 302 shall comply with the monitoring and recordkeeping requirements in § 302 of this rule. (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 22 of 24 APPENDIX B Documentation of the Public Participation Process (Pending Notice of Public Hearing and Certified Board of Supervisors’ Minutes) (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 23 of 24 PROOF OF PUBLIC NOTICES (Pending Notice of Public Hearing) (DRAFT) The Maricopa County Air Quality Department Section 111(d) Plan 24 of 24 A RECORD OF PUBLIC HEARING(S) ON THE MCAQD SECTION 111(D) PLAN (Pending Certified Minutes from the Board of Supervisors’ Formal Meeting)