TA2018001 BOS REPORT_PART1.PDF

Maricopa County — Formal (2021-10-06)

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October 6, 2021 
TA2018001 
Page 1 of 10 
Report to the Board of Supervisors 
Prepared by the Maricopa County Planning and Development Department 
 
 
 
Board Hearing Date: 
October 6, 2021 
 
Case #/Title:  
 
TA2018001 – Off-Site Advertising Signs (Billboards) 
 
Supervisor District: 
All 
 
Applicant:  
Becker Boards Small, LLC 
 
Requests: 
Text Amendment to amend Chapter 2, Definitions, Section 
1112.7.1, Section 1301.1.21, and Chapter 14, Articles 1403 and 
1404 of the Maricopa County Zoning Ordinance (MCZO) 
relating to Off-Site Advertising Signs (Billboards). 
 
EROP: 
This item is being processed through the County’s Enhanced 
Regulatory Outreach Program (EROP). This matter was most 
recently discussed at the May 21, 2021 Stakeholder meeting 
and the July 22, 2021 ZIPPOR meeting.  
 
 
  
 
Municipal Comments: 
 
Opposition received from City of Phoenix, City of Glendale, 
the Town of Gilbert, and the Town of Cave Creek 
 
Support/Opposition: 
 
Approximately 
490 
documents 
(including 
some 
duplicate/multiple 
comments 
from 
individuals) 
of 
opposition/suggested changes to the proposed text, includes 
both citizen and industry comments, to date. There are also 
25 documents of support received. 
Additional 
Comments: 
Following the 9/9/21 Commission hearing, staff notes the 
following discussion points for consideration: 
 
 
 
Section 201: it may be appropriate to remove listed 
specific scenic corridors (although this is consistent with 
the listed freeways) since new ones can be added in 
the future, or to add verbiage that speaks to “existing 
and any future scenic corridors adopted by the Board” 
and noting the listed scenic corridors as “i.e.”. Also, 
consider the inclusion of preservation for Sonoran 
Desert National Monument and/or wilderness areas 
along I-8 east of Gila Bend. Perhaps no billboard 
permitted within a certain distance of the boundary of 
a 
national 
monument 
or 
federally 
designated 
wilderness area. 
 
 
Article 1112.7.1: keep language that is proposed to be 
removed regarding automatic shut-off for upward

October 6, 2021 
TA2018001 
Page 2 of 10 
lighting. Consider 
language 
to 
read, 
“Bottom-
Mounted Outdoor Advertising Lighting:  Any billboard 
with lawfully existing bottom-mounted lighting shall be 
permitted to remain but shall be equipped with an 
automatic devise which shuts off the fixture between 
the hours of midnight and sunrise. However, any future 
alteration shall to the billboard sign or support structure 
shall require upward lighting to be removed and 
replaced with downward lighting in conformance with 
Article 1112.3.2.” 
 
 
Article 1403.3.1.A.1.a & b: the final sentence of these 
articles, “Measurement shall not cross any freeway, 
except 
within 
scenic 
corridors.” 
- 
has 
grown 
unnecessary since the recommended language is 
prohibiting billboards within scenic corridors.  
 
 
Article 1403.3.J.2: The louvre technology to prevent 
vertical illumination could still allow for illumination at a 
15-degree angle which will enter into the nighttime 
skies and is arguably more harmful to astronomical 
observations than conventional external lighting 
downward, shielded, etc. Consider updated methods 
or verbiage to ensure that digital illumination is 
directed downward below the 15-degree angle. 
 
 
Articles 1403.3.1.J.3 & 1403.3.1.J.5: digital images to run 
a minimum 20 second duration rather than 8 seconds. 
 
 
Article 1403.3.1.J.6: maximum of 200 nits for digital 
illumination rather than 300 nits. 
 
 
Commission  
 
Recommendation: 
On 9/9/21, the Commission voted 3-2-1 to recommend 
approval of TA2018001 with staff recommended changes per 
paragraph 12 of the Commission staff report: 
 
Section 201 – DEFINITIONS 
 
FREEWAY (REGARDING OFF-SITE ADVERTISING (BILLBOARDS)): 
 
For the purpose of the location of Off-Site Advertising Signs (Billboards) only, Interstate 17 (I-17) 
south of Carefree Highway, I-10, Arizona State Route (SR) Loop 101, SR Loop 202, SR Loop 303, 
SR 24, Northern Parkway, and U.S. Highway 60 (U.S. 60 – Superstition Freeway), and their 
connections, and on and off ramps.  Billboards are a prohibited use on any other freeway now 
existing or to be constructed within the County 
 
SCENIC CORRIDOR: 
 
For the purpose of the location of Off-Site Advertising Signs (Billboards), scenic corridor shall refer 
to the Scenic Corridor Overlay Zoning Districts (as set forth in Chapter 10) and scenic corridor

October 6, 2021 
TA2018001 
Page 3 of 10 
district policy guidelines (Carefree Highway, Castle Hot Springs, McMickem Dam, Olive Avenue, 
El Rio, I-17 North of Carefree Highway).  
 
SIGN (BILLBOARD), EMBELLISHMENT: 
 
Letters, figures, characters, or representations in cutouts, irregular forms, or similar ornamentation 
attached to or superimposed upon a billboard to provide a three-dimensional effect. 
 
SIGN, OFF-SITE ADVERTISING (BILLBOARDS):  
 
A freestanding sign portraying information which directs attention to an idea, issue, point of 
view, candidate, entity, business, commodity, service, entertainment, product or attraction sold, 
offered, or existing elsewhere than upon the property where the sign is located. Billboards as 
used in this this Ordinance without a modifying word shall mean both static and digital. 
 
SIGN, OFF-SITE ADVERTISING (BILLBOARDS) – DIGITAL: 
 
A billboard, utilizing digital message technology capable of changing the message or copy on 
the sign electronically, such that, the alphabetic, pictographic, or symbolic informational 
content can be changed or altered electronically on a fixed display surface composed of 
electronically illuminated or electronically actuated or motivated elements. This includes 
billboards with displays that have been preprogrammed to display only certain types of 
information (i.e., time, date, temperature) and billboards whose informational content can be 
changed or altered by means of computer-driven electronic impulses.  
 
SIGN, OFF-SITE ADVERTISING (BILLBOARDS) – Static: 
 
A billboard with a fixed message that changes no more than once in a 24-hour period.  
 
SECTION 1112.7.1 
  
1112.7.1. Bottom-Mounted Outdoor Advertising Lighting: Outdoor advertising sign boards which 
exceed 301 square feet per sign face and are illuminated by an approved bottom-mounted 
outdoor advertising fixture shall be equipped with an automatic device which shuts off the 
fixture between midnight and sunrise.  Any lawfully existing bottom mounted upward lighting is 
permitted to remain. However, any alteration to said billboard will require the lighting to be 
removed and replaced with downward lighting in conformance with Article 1112.3.2. All new 
billboards are required to be in conformance with Article 1112.3.2. 
 
SECTION 1301.1.21 
 
1301.1.21. Signs for off-site advertising or for directing attention to a business, profession, 
commodity, service or entertainment conducted, sold, or offered elsewhere than upon the 
same premises (bBillboards) provided that either: 
 
1. 
The sign is a lawfully existing structure made legal-nonconforming as of [DATE] with 
regard to the requirements of Chapter 14 of this Ordinance. 
1.  
The sign is located in a C-2, C-3, IND-2 or IND-3 zoning district. 
2.  
The sign may be modified or converted to digital display with special use 
approval.

October 6, 2021 
TA2018001 
Page 4 of 10 
3.  
If illuminated the sign shall be digital or lighting shall be mounted at the top of 
the sign face so that it is directed downward and shielded so that it is only 
illuminating the sign face. 
4. 
The special use may be approved without an expiration date or validity period. 
 
1.2.  
The sign is relocated from a parcel of property, located within the perimeter boundary 
of Maricopa County or within the corporate boundary of a city or town located 
partially within Maricopa County and partially within an adjacent county, that is 
acquired by a public entity for public use by condemnation, purchase or dedication. 
2.1.  
The sign must be removed due to that governmental action.  
3.2.  
The public entity has not paid just compensation for the sign.  
4.3.  
The standards of the C-2 Zoning District shall apply, except that the sign shall be 
permitted to remain the same size and height as the original sign to be 
relocated.  
5.4.  
The standards of the C-2 Zoning District shall apply, except as noted above. No 
further variance to the C-2 standards may be granted by either the Board of 
Supervisors or the Board of Adjustment.  
6.5. 
Billboards may not locate in residential zoning districts; however, they may locate 
in rural zoning districts. 
 
ARTICLE 1403.3.  OFF-SITE ADVERTISING SIGNS (BILLBOARDS) [C-2 AND C-3 ZONING DISTRICTS 
ONLY]: 
 
1403.3.1 
Billboards shall be permitted uses in the C-2 and C-3 zoning districts subject to the 
following conditions: 
 
A. Separation Distance: 
 
1. 
Distance from other billboards: 
 
a. 
When either an existing or proposed billboard is located three 
(3) miles or greater from the boundary of any incorporated 
city or town, shall maintain a radial separation distance from 
any other billboard of 3,000 feet. Measurement shall be from 
the vertical edge of the sign face closest to the sign face of 
the structure to which is being measured. Measurement shall 
not cross any freeway, except within scenic corridors. 
  
b. 
When either an existing or proposed billboard is located fewer 
than three (3) miles from the boundary of any incorporated 
city or town, shall maintain a radial separation distance from 
any other billboard of 1,000 feet. Measurement shall be from 
the vertical edge of the sign face closest to the sign face of 
the structure to which is being measured. Measurement shall 
not cross any freeway, except within scenic corridors. 
 
B. Setback Requirements: There shall be a 0’ setback from any property line, 
except as follows:

October 6, 2021 
TA2018001 
Page 5 of 10 
1. 
No billboard shall be erected within 100 feet of any residential zoning 
district boundary or a residential use in a rural zoning district, whether 
or not separated by a public right-of-way. 
 
2. 
No illuminated billboard shall be erected within 150 feet of a 
residential zoning district boundary or a residential use in a rural 
zoning district (refer to Chapter 11, Section 1112).  
 
3. 
No billboard shall be erected within 500 feet of any park, school or 
roadside rest area. 
 
C. 
Billboards shall not have features that emit sound or be audible in any 
manner. 
 
D. 
No billboard shall be erected in or within six-hundred sixty (660) feet of a 
Scenic Corridor Overlay Zoning District. 
 
E. 
No billboard shall be erected on any property located within any Maricopa 
County Scenic Corridor. 
 
F. 
Development Standards:  
 
1. 
Billboards located greater than 300’ from of an existing freeway  
 
a. 
Shall be limited to thirty (30) feet in height inclusive of all 
embellishments, lighting, and attachments.  
 
b. 
Shall be limited to three-hundred (300) square feet in sign 
face area. The maximum square footage may be exceeded 
by up to ten percent (10%) by use of embellishments. 
 
2. 
Billboards located within 300’ of an existing freeway: 
 
a. 
Shall be limited to forty-eight (48) feet above adjacent 
grade or elevation of the main travel lanes of a freeway 
immediately adjacent to sign or subject property (whichever 
is greater but not to exceed 70’), inclusive of all 
embellishments and attachments, excluding additional 3’ for 
top-mounted lighting fixtures. 
 
b. 
Shall be limited to six hundred seventy-two (672) square feet 
in sign face area. The maximum square footage of sign area 
may be exceeded by up to twenty percent (20%) by use of 
embellishments.  
 
G. 
A billboard may be double-faced or “V” shaped, provided the “V” shape 
is designed so that there is no greater than fifty-four (54) inches between 
faces at the apex and the angle between the faces of the sign is no greater 
than forty-five (45) degrees.

October 6, 2021 
TA2018001 
Page 6 of 10 
Signs 
Sign Face 
(Square Feet) 
Embellishments 
Not within 300’ 
of a freeway 
300* 
10% 
Within 300’ of a 
freeway 
672* 
20% 
 
* this maximum square footage applies separately to each side of a  double-
faced sign 
 
 
 
 
 
 
H. 
Any modifications to a billboard within the Military Airport and Ancillary 
Military Facility Overlay Zoning District shall require a new Use Compatibility 
and Consistency Determination (UCCD) pursuant to Section 1010 of this 
Ordinance. 
 
I. 
All lighting shall adhere to Article 1112.3.2 of the Maricopa County Zoning 
Ordinance. 
 
J.      General provisions applicable to digital billboards: 
 
1. 
Digital billboards shall be permitted if: 
 
i. Located fewer than three (3) miles from the boundary of any   
incorporated city or town. 
 
ii. Digital billboards shall be permitted if along and within 300’ of an 
existing freeway as classified by Maricopa County as of (DATE of 
Ordinance). 
 
Billboards within 300’ of a Freeway
Sign Face 
 672 sq. ft. 
48 
ft
 Billboards not within 300’ of a 
freeway 
Sign Face  
300 sq. ft. 
30

October 6, 2021 
TA2018001 
Page 7 of 10 
2.  
Digital billboards shall include optical down angled LED’s, and 
horizontal louvers (as well as vertical louvers if within 500 feet of a 
residential zoning district boundary or a residential use in a rural 
zoning district) extending past the diode at a minimum of .480” to 
minimize light trespass.   
 
3. 
Network time shall be made available on all digital sign faces to 
federal, state, and local public safety agencies for emergency 
messaging. Such messages shall override all copy for one hour and 
shall then be displayed for no fewer than eight seconds in every 
minute as long as needed. 
 
4. 
Digital billboards adhere to the provisions of Article 1401.3 of this 
Chapter, except that from 11:00 p.m. until sunrise all billboards 
illumination shall be extinguished, and all billboards shall be 
equipped with an automatic devise to assure compliance. These 
illumination requirements shall not be applicable to the display of 
any Amber Alert or other governmental emergencies, or for other 
emergent situations as determined by the Zoning Administrator. 
Further, in the event of an electronic malfunction the sign shall be 
shut off until repairs have been made to restore the electronic 
messaging system. 
 
5. 
Display time shall not change-message more than once every eight 
(8) seconds. There shall be no animation, flashing, blinking or moving 
lights. In the transition between copy changes, there shall be no 
sense of movement from one image to the next. 
 
6. 
Dimmers on all digital billboards shall be set in the evening hours 
(from sunset to 11:00 p.m.) not to exceed 300 nits.  
 
7. 
The digital billboard shall have an automatic turn-off mechanism in 
case of malfunction. 
 
8. 
All lawfully existing static billboards on [EFFECTIVE DATE] that 
become non-conforming due to Ordinance amendment on said 
date may not be modified or converted to digital unless brought into 
conformance with all requirements of this Ordinance; with the 
exception that support columns may be relocated a maximum of 
twenty feet (20’) from the existing location. 
 
K. 
A legal non-conforming sign that does not meet all requirements of this 
Article may be modified or converted to digital with approval of a Special 
Use Permit in accordance with Article 1301.1.21 of this Ordinance. 
 
L.  
Nothing contained in this Ordinance shall affect the existing rights of any 
property granted a deviation by legislative or quasi-judicial action of 
Maricopa County. 
 
Article 1404.3 
OFF-SITE ADVERTISING SIGNS (BILLBOARDS) [IND-2 AND IND-3 ZONING 
DISTRICTS ONLY]

October 6, 2021 
TA2018001 
Page 8 of 10 
 
1404.3.1 
Off-site advertising signs (billboards) shall be a permitted use in the IND-2 and 
IND-3 zoning districts subject to all requirements set forth in Article 1403.3.1 of 
this Ordinance. 
 
ARTICLE 1403.3. 
OFF-SITE SIGNS, BILLBOARDS [C-2 AND C-3 ZONING DISTRICTS ONLY]: 
 
1403.3.1 
Off-site signs shall be permitted uses in the C-2 and C-3 zoning districts 
provided each such sign shall: 
 
1. 
Maintain a distance separation from any other off-site sign of 3,000 feet 
of any offsite sign on the same street when either existing or proposed 
sign is located three (3) miles or greater from the boundary of any 
incorporated city or town. 
 
2. 
Maintain a distance separation from any other off-site sign of 1,000 feet 
of any offsite sign on the same street when either existing or proposed 
signs is located fewer than three (3) miles from the boundary of any 
incorporated city or town.  
 
3 
Such sign may be illuminated but no flashing, intermittent or moving 
illumination shall be employed.  Any lighting used shall be in 
accordance with the adopted outdoor light control provisions (see 
Chapter 11, Section 1112. herein).  Any off premise sign within 150 
feet of a rural or residential zone boundary shall be non-illuminated. 
 
4. 
Such sign shall not be located within 100 feet of any rural or 
residential zoning district boundary, whether or not separated by a 
public right-of-way. 
 
5. 
Such sign shall not be located within 500 feet of any park, school or 
roadside rest area. 
 
6. 
Such sign shall not be audible in any manner. 
 
7. 
Special Conditions: 
 
a.  
On State Route 74 between U. S. 60-89 and Lake Pleasant 
Road, no off-site signs shall be permitted within six-hundred 
sixty (660) feet of said highway right-of-way.  
 
b. 
On U. S. Highway 60-89 from Estrella Freeway to Wickenburg, 
no off-site signs shall be permitted within six-hundred sixty (660) 
feet of said highway right-of-way.  
 
1403.3.2. 
Off-site signs in C-2 and C-3 zoning district are subject to the following 
development standards:

October 6, 2021 
TA2018001 
Page 9 of 10 
 
1. 
Such sign shall not exceed three-hundred 
(300) square feet in area.  A sign may utilize 
embellishments up to of ten percent (10%) of 
the sign area.  
 
2. 
Such sign shall not exceed thirty (30) feet in 
height. 
 
3. 
Such sign may be double-faced or “V” shaped, provided the “V” 
shape is designed so that it is no greater than fifty-four (54) inches 
between faces at the apex and the angle between the faces of the 
sign is no greater than forty-five (45) degrees.  
 
 
 
 
 
4. 
Shall be freestanding. 
 
5. 
Shall maintain the same property line setbacks required by the 
underlying zoning district.   
 
ARTICLE 1404.3. 
OFF-SITE SIGNS, BILLBOARDS [IND-2 AND IND-3 ZONING DISTRICTS ONLY]: 
 
1404.3.1. 
Off-site signs shall be permitted uses in the IND-2 and IND-3 zoning districts 
and provided each such sign shall: 
 
1. 
Maintain a distance separation from any other off-site sign of 3,000 
feet of any offsite sign on the same street when either existing or 
proposed sign is located three (3) miles or greater from the boundary 
of any incorporated city or town. 
 
2. 
Maintain a distance separation from any other off-site sign of 1,000 feet 
of any offsite sign on the same street when either existing or proposed 
signs is located fewer than three (3) miles from the boundary of any 
incorporated city or town.  
 
3. 
Such sign may be illuminated but no flashing, intermittent or moving 
illumination shall be employed.  Any lighting used shall be in 
accordance with the adopted outdoor light control provisions (see 
Chapter 11, Section 1112. herein).).  Any off premise sign within 150 feet 
of a rural or residential zone boundary shall be non-illuminated. 
 
4. 
Such sign shall not be located within 100 feet of any rural or residential 
zoning district boundary, whether or not separated by a public right-
of-way. 
 
5. 
Such sign shall not be located within 500 feet of any park, school or 
roadside rest area.

October 6, 2021 
TA2018001 
Page 10 of 10 
 
6. 
Such sign shall not be audible in any manner. 
 
7. 
Special Conditions: 
 
a.  
On State Route 74 between U. S. 60-89 and Lake Pleasant 
Road, no off-site signs shall be permitted within six-hundred 
sixty (660) feet of said highway right-of-way.  
 
b. 
On U. S. Highway 60-89 from Estrella Freeway to Wickenburg, 
no off-site signs shall be permitted within six-hundred sixty (660) 
feet of said highway right-of-way.  
 
1404.3.2. 
Off-site signs in IND-2 and IND-3 zoning district are subject to the following 
development standards: 
 
 
1. 
Such sign shall not exceed three-hundred 
(300) square feet in area.  A sign may utilize 
embellishments up to of ten percent (10%) 
of the sign area.  
 
2. 
Such sign shall not exceed thirty (30) feet in 
height. 
 
3. 
Such sign may be double-faced or “V” shaped, provided the “V” 
shape is designed so that it is no greater than fifty-four (54)  
inches between faces at the apex and the angle between the faces  
of the sign is no greater than forty-five (45) degrees.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. 
Such sign shall be freestanding. 
 
5. 
Shall maintain the same property line setbacks as required by the 
underlying zoning district. 
 
 
Presented by: 
 
Ray Banker, Senior Planner 
Reviewed by: 
 
Darren Gérard, AICP, Deputy Director  
 
Attachments: 
 
Additional Opposition, Support, Comments received (67 pages) 
 
 
9/9/21 P&Z Packet (1,297 pages)  
 
 
Note: 
9/9/21 Draft P&Z Minutes are not available as of the writing of this report, but can be 
provided upon request later when available.

From:
Rachel Applegate (PND)
To:
Ray Banker (PND)
Subject:
FW: Maricopa Planning Commission 9.9.21, Agenda item #4. Case # TA2018001
Date:
Thursday, September 9, 2021 6:29:47 AM
 
From: Tom Mozdzen <tjmozdzen@gmail.com> 
Sent: Wednesday, September 8, 2021 4:23 PM
To: Rachel Applegate (PND) <Rachel.Applegate@Maricopa.Gov>
Subject: Maricopa Planning Commission 9.9.21, Agenda item #4. Case # TA2018001
 
I am opposed to TA2018001, digital billboards, scheduled to be heard on 9.9.21, agenda item #4
 
Becker Boards has violated laws regarding their existing billboards, and I have no reason to doubt
they will continue to do this if allowed to erect even more billboards.
 
Tom Mozdzen
.

Lowell Observatory 
University of Arizona 
Steward Observatory 
 
University of Arizona 
Planetary Sciences Department 
 
Kitt Peak National Observatory 
Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory 
Vatican Observatory 
 
September 8, 2021 
 
Maricopa County Planning & Zoning Commission 
c/o Maricopa County Planning Staff 
301 West Jefferson Street 
Phoenix, Arizona 85003 
 
Re: September 9th Meeting Agenda Item #6 — TA2018001 — Off-site 
Advertising (Billboards) Draft Ordinance 
via electronic mail to: ray.banker@maricopa.gov; rachel.applegate@maricopa.gov  
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dear Maricopa County Planning & Zoning Commissioners, 
 
As representatives of the professional observatories in the State of Arizona, we are opposed to 
the major revisions proposed in the Text Amendment (TA2018001) of Chapter 2, Definitions, 
and Chapter 14, Articles 1403 and 1404 of the Maricopa County Zoning Ordinance (MCZO) 
relating to Off-Site Advertising Signs (Billboards). 
 
As a reminder, Arizona hosts the world’s largest optical telescope and 10% of all the world’s 
largest telescopes. The Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, the 
Smithsonian Institution, US Navy, and NASA, along with US universities and foreign 
institutions, invest tens of millions of dollars annually in the operation and upgrade of the 
Arizona observatories. ASU, UA and NAU all have major programmatic and financial 
involvement in those telescopes.  A basis for their long-term scientific investment strategy is 
their perception of the commitment of local government to protecting that national and 
international investment.  
 
The proposed revisions to TA2018001 include a provision to allow conventional billboards to 
be converted to digital billboards (also referred to as electronic message displays or EMDs), 
which are particularly damaging to dark skies at observatory sites. State statute bans digital 
billboards near scenic corridors precisely because their operation is so detrimental to dark sky 
preservation. Allowing electronic displays in billboards countywide runs contrary to past 
involvement of the major astronomical observatories with Maricopa County. 
 
All current EMD technologies directly radiate at least 30-percent of the light above horizontal— 
with the newer technology proposed for the ordinance with small louvers limited to ~15 
degrees. The light radiated directly within 20 degrees above horizontal is shown in the 
published literature and cited in professional lighting engineering guidance to be the strongest 
contributor to artificial sky glow at observatories impacted by the urban area. For that reason, 
luminaires have generally been required to emit no light above horizontal since the first lighting 
codes in the 1970s, and current state statutes ban EMDs as billboards in much of Arizona.

Lowell Observatory 
University of Arizona 
Steward Observatory 
 
University of Arizona 
Planetary Sciences Department 
 
Kitt Peak National Observatory 
Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory 
Vatican Observatory 
 
 
We propose to work with you on a strategic approach to arrest the growth of artificial sky glow 
from Maricopa County. The protection of the natural desert sky would benefit not only 
astronomy but also tourism and residential property values, core elements of the economic 
vitality of Arizona and all of its cities and counties.  
 
 
 
Dr. Richard F. Green  
 
 
 
Dr. Lori Allen  
Assistant Director for Government Relations 
Director, Kitt Peak National Observatory  
 
Steward Observatory  
 
 
 
NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy 
University of Arizona  
 
 
 
 
Research Laboratory 
 
Ms. Amy C. Oliver, FRAS 
 
 
 
Dr. G. Grant Williams 
Public & Government Affairs Officer  
 
Director, MMT Observatory 
Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory 
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory 
 
Dr. Donald R. Davis 
Fr. Paul Gabor, S.J., Ph.D. 
Director Emeritus 
 
 
 
 
Vice-Director, Vatican Observatory 
Planetary Science Institute 
 
Dr. Jeffrey C. Hall             
 
 
 
Dr. Christian Veillet                                           
Director              
 
 
 
 
Director, Large Binocular Telescope             
Lowell Observatory              
 
 
 
Observatory                                             
                                                                                           
Dr. Stephen Larson 
Dr. Rolf A. Jansen 
Lunar and Planetary Laboratory 
School of Earth & Space Exploration 
University of Arizona 
Arizona State University

From:
Rachel Applegate (PND)
To:
Ray Banker (PND)
Subject:
FW: Case Number TA2018001 - Agenda Item #4 | Hearing Date - September 9, 2021
Date:
Thursday, September 9, 2021 6:34:00 AM
 
From: Sandra Sanford <sanford1991@hotmail.com> 
Sent: Wednesday, September 8, 2021 7:29 PM
To: Rachel Applegate (PND) <Rachel.Applegate@Maricopa.Gov>
Subject: Re: Case Number TA2018001 - Agenda Item #4 | Hearing Date - September 9, 2021
 
 
Dear Ms. Applegate,
 
I’m writing in OPPOSITION to billboards (any kind) on the 202 South Mountain Freeway in Laveen.
 
I am unable to make the above meeting, but would like my opposition noted and documented.
 
I very much appreciate your time and attention.
 
Regards,
 
Sandra Sanford
7228 W. Darrow St
Laveen AZ 85339
602.384.0617

From:
Rachel Applegate (PND)
To:
Ray Banker (PND)
Subject:
FW: Stop Text Amendment TA2018001
Date:
Thursday, September 9, 2021 6:34:16 AM
 
From: David Simper <spalovna@yahoo.com> 
Sent: Wednesday, September 8, 2021 9:12 PM
To: Rachel Applegate (PND) <Rachel.Applegate@Maricopa.Gov>
Subject: Stop Text Amendment TA2018001
 
Dear Ms. Applegate,
The Maricopa County Planning and Zoning Commission must vote NO on Text Amendment
TA2018001.
This amendment to the Maricopa County Zoning Ordinance would radically alter our outdoor
advertising laws, and would allow a proliferation of digital billboards across our county. This
amendment would lead to an increase in light pollution, visual blight, and distracted driving, and
would degrade our roadways, neighborhoods, and communities. The people of Maricopa County
came out strongly against this proposal when it first appeared in 2019, and we remain firm in our
opposition to these changes. Please don't let digital billboards ruin the quality of life in our county.
Thank you for taking action on this important issue.
Sincerely,
David Simper
11065 E Rosemary Ln
Scottsdale, AZ 85255

1 | P a g e  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INTER-AGENCY COMMUNICATION 
DATE:    
September 9, 2021  
TO:   
 
Maricopa County Planning and Zoning Commission 
FROM:  
Kyle Mieras, AICP, Development Services Director 
 
 
Eva Cutro, AICP, Planning Manager 
Josh Rogers, Planner II 
SUBJECT:  
Case TA2018001 – Off-Site Advertising Signs (Billboards) 
 
Thank you for the opportunity to provide comments on the pending text amendment to Chapter 2, Definitions 
and Chapter 14, Articles 1403 and 1404 of the Maricopa County Zoning Ordinance (MCZO), relating to Off-
Site Advertising Signs (Billboards) as proposed in Case # TA2018001.   
The Town previously sent comments on May 22, 2019 and June 16, 2019.  Since that time the proposed text 
amendment has been revised and the Town has completed a subsequent review.  Although some changes to 
the text amendment have been made, many of the Town’s concerns remain. 
A significant number of designated “County Islands” exist within Gilbert’s Planning Boundary and the passage 
of such an amendment would adversely affect the surrounding residents, travelling public and the vision of 
the Town.   
For the following reasons, the Town of Gilbert strongly recommends denial of Case # TA2018001: 
• 
Offsite Commercial Signs (billboards) are prohibited in the Town of Gilbert.  The Gilbert sign code also 
has strict regulations with respect to sign illumination and animation.  The Town requests County 
Islands located within the perimeter boundary of a municipality which prohibits Offsite Commercial 
Signs, be excluded from the provisions of this text amendment;   
 
• 
The proposed sign regulation would cause a proliferation of digital billboards, which are excessive in 
height and size (area), and would increase visual clutter, produce light pollution, distract motorists, 
obstruct adjacent land uses and signs, block the scenic views of the surrounding environment, and 
detract from the night sky;  
 
• 
The proposed sign regulation permits existing, non-conforming billboards to convert to digital 
billboards.  Enhancements to non-conformities are in opposition to most zoning regulations that allow 
the non-conformity to continue only in its present form and scope.  Drawing more attention to a non-
conforming billboard by converting it to digital is not supported by the Town, nor is the requirement 
that a decorative pole cover identifying the nearest city be included in the conversion to digital.  Not 
only could this unnecessarily enhance a non-conformity, it may also unacceptably “advertise” the 
nearest city on land, such as a County Island, that is not within the City.  The Town requests existing,

2 | P a g e  
 
non-conforming billboards to be excluded from being able to conduct the enhancements enabled by 
the proposal;    
 
• 
The provisions set forth in Article 1112.3.2 of the Maricopa County Zoning Ordinance do not establish 
enforceable trespass standards.  The Town requests the inclusion of specific light trespass standards 
and strongly recommends a maximum luminance of 0.3-foot candles, measured at the property line, 
be included with this text amendment. In areas zoned for any type of residential occupation (including 
parks), a trespass limit of 0.1 foot-candles should be enforced, at the property line; 
 
• 
The proposed sign regulation would result in increased pressure from advertisement companies to 
utilize all available County Islands within Gilbert to erect digital billboards because of the financial 
incentive created by this text amendment.  The proposed sign regulation would essentially create a 
“gold rush” and potentially cause Gilbert to be inundated with unsightly billboards that our residents 
have specifically prohibited; 
 
• 
The proposed sign regulation would inappropriately incentivize property owners to rezone their 
unincorporated property to the County’s C-2, C-3, IND-2, or IND-3 zoning districts in order to capitalize 
on the expected demand from advertising companies;  
 
• 
The 150’ distancing requirement for illuminated billboards, when adjacent to a residential zoning 
district, would reasonably interfere with the use and enjoyment of the nearby properties.  The Town 
requests increasing the distance requirement to 500’, when adjacent to residential, to match the 
proposed distance requirements to parks and schools;  
 
• 
Any proposed standards to regulate billboards should prohibit them along local freeways, limit the 
hours of operation, and only allow placement where they can appropriately fit in the landscape. 
 
 
For the above reasons, the Town of Gilbert strongly urges the Maricopa County Planning and Zoning 
Commission to recommend denial of Case TA2018001.   
 
Thank you for your consideration.

From:
Rachel Applegate (PND)
To:
Ray Banker (PND)
Subject:
FW: Case TA2018001, Agenda Item #44, 9/9/2021 meeting - comment in OPPOSITION
Date:
Thursday, September 9, 2021 9:17:17 AM
 
From: clarke.robinaugh <clarke.robinaugh@yahoo.com> 
Sent: Thursday, September 9, 2021 9:13 AM
To: Rachel Applegate (PND) <Rachel.Applegate@Maricopa.Gov>
Subject: Case TA2018001, Agenda Item #44, 9/9/2021 meeting - comment in OPPOSITION
 
 
My name is Rebecca Clarke Robinaugh.  I am a resident of Laveen, Arizona, and wish to register my
voice in opposition to the digital billboards (Billboard Text Amendment). I am especially opposed to
the larger size, the extra height, and the digital nature of these billboards.
This will negatively impact the beauty and rural feel of the Laveen community. It is important to
recognize that many homes are located and being built near the 202, and this creates an eyesore for
this beautiful community. Further, billboards - especially digital billboards - contribute to distracted
driving. This is completely counter to our state's actions to reduce distracted driving by passing laws
prohibiting texting while driving and other driver actions. A digital billboard is, by its very nature,
meant to catch the attention of drivers. When are we going to hold businesses to the same
standards that we value for our communities?
I have a 15-year old daughter who gets her permit this month. She is one of many students that
attend Betty Fairfax High School, right off Baseline and the 202, and many of these young high
school students who are new drivers will pass these digital billboards daily. This is not the place.
Please do not allow these billboards, as they provide no benefit to the Laveen community, but rather
negate the beauty and create a safety issue for our residents. Help us maintain the greatness that is
Laveen.
 
Thank you,
 
Rebecca Clarke Robinaugh 
520-975-4711
5436 W. Chuck Box Rd 
Laveen, AZ 85339
Clarke.robinaugh@yahoo.com
 
Sent from my Verizon, Samsung Galaxy smartphone

From:
Rachel Applegate (PND)
To:
Ray Banker (PND)
Subject:
FW: Digital Billboards
Date:
Thursday, September 9, 2021 10:39:33 AM
From: Curtis Arnett <curtisarnett@cox.net> 
Sent: Thursday, September 9, 2021 9:58 AM
To: Rachel Applegate (PND) <Rachel.Applegate@Maricopa.Gov>
Subject: Digital Billboards
 
 
It is my understanding that the Maricopa County Planning and Zoning Commission will today hold a
hearing on a proposal by Becker Boards to allow static billboard to be converted to digital billboards
in some parts of the unincorporated areas of the County.
 
This is to express opposition to that proposal.
 
Maricopa County should be moving toward less light pollution and should not be taking steps that go
in the opposite direction.
 
Curtis Arnett
President, Wickenburg Dark Sky Association, Inc.

From:
Kathy Semder (COA)
To:
Rachel Applegate (PND); Ray Banker (PND)
Cc:
Darren V. Gérard (PND)
Subject:
FW: Online Form Submittal: Citizen Comments
Date:
Thursday, September 9, 2021 11:27:29 AM
 
 
 
 
Thank you,
 
Kathy Semder
Ombudsman
602-506-8267
Kathy.Semder@maricopa.gov
 
From: noreply@civicplus.com <noreply@civicplus.com> 
Sent: Thursday, September 9, 2021 11:23 AM
To: PND Regulatory <PNDRegulatory@maricopa.gov>; Kathy Semder (COA)
<Kathy.Semder@Maricopa.Gov>; Andy Linton (OBM) <Andy.Linton@Maricopa.Gov>; Bill Leal (OBM)
<Bill.Leal@Maricopa.Gov>; Kathryn Garcia (OBM) <Kathryn.Garcia@Maricopa.Gov>; Blanca
Caballero (ENV) <Blanca.Caballero@Maricopa.gov>
Subject: Online Form Submittal: Citizen Comments
 
Citizen Comments
Each Regulatory Department is committed to providing opportunities for
stakeholder input regarding the adoption and amendment of all regulatory
requirements. Your input will be collected and forwarded to the appropriate
department. You will receive a written response from the applicable department
within two business days. We appreciate your comments and your time.
Case Number/Rule
TA2018001 - Off-Site Advertising Signs (Billboards)
Department
Planning and Development
I would like to
Express opposition
First Name
Claude
Last Name
Haynes
Organization
East Valley Astronomy Club
Gilbert

City
Zip
85234
Email
azstargeazer@gmail.com
Phone Number
4802215792
Phone Type
Mobile
Would you like someone to
contact you?
No
Comments
There is a mis-conception in the text of the proposed
amendment. The diagram on page 5 that shows billboards at 300
sq ft. as the norm on arterial streets is not the norm. Becker
boards has a total of 8 signs this size in Sun City and Mirage.
The vast majority of signs not along the freeway are greater than
301 sq ft. Many of them are 14x48, or 672 sq ft. This is about
normalizing large billboards, many of them located along arterial
streets.
To that point, the addition of text to neutralize Section 1112.7.1 of
the Maricopa County General Code is an outrageous attempt to
no longer require signs greater than 301 sq ft (almost the entire
inventory of Becker Boards and other sign companies) to go dark
after midnight. This wording should not be replaced with a free
pass to be non-compliant for up to six years. This is a prime
example of why ordinances written by vendors to control their
own industries must be carefully reviewed. Please do not legalize
bad behavior. Do not accept the recommendation to strike out a
current lighting requirement.
I am also curious why most new static billboards erected are
NON-COMPLIANT. The example would be newer boards
erected by Becker Boards along I-10 between 75th and 83rd Ave
with parings of Digital and Static billboards. The static portion of
these boards is lit from below. If the standard is for lighting from
above – why are newer boards continuing to be permitted with
non-compliant lighting from below? I would encourage the
commission to include wording to require new signs to be
Conforming and not to continue to approve Non-Compliance .as
the norm.
There is also no control of density and the number of billboards.
The net effect is to enable a non-scenic corridor along valley
freeways. Becker Boards alone has almost 90 static billboards
currently along freeways. The ordinance now seems to enable
billboards every 1,000 feet. I would encourage the commission to
consider the impact of density and congestion of billboards.

If applicable, attach
supporting documentation
associated with your
comment. The only file
types supported are MS
Office and Adobe Acrobat.
Field not completed.
 
Email not displaying correctly? View it in your browser.

From:
Marie Atchison
To:
Mark Becker
Cc:
Courtney Dykstra; Joseph White; William E. Lally; Jacob Zonn; Darren V. Gérard (PND); Ray Banker (PND)
Subject:
Re: Maricopa County Digital Billboard Ordinance
Date:
Thursday, September 9, 2021 12:29:06 PM
Attachments:
a79a4fcd-df0b-c40d-4f06-f3444b596a75.png
Sent from my iPhone
On Sep 8, 2021, at 8:16 AM, Mark Becker <mbecker@beckerboards.com> wrote:
 Sorry to hear that Marie. I believe everything i wrote is truthful and accurate. What part(s) do you think are
untruthful?
Respectfully,
Mark D. Becker
Sent from my iPad
On Sep 8, 2021, at 7:50 AM, Marie Atchison <marieatchison10@gmail.com> wrote:


I don’t believe you are being very truthful in your letter!  Shameful, Deceitful!  and I am truly
hoping there is enough of us to stop this kind of S**T from happening in our neighborhood!
On Aug 23, 2021, at 1:08 PM, Courtney Dykstra <cdykstra@beckerboards.com>
wrote:

Please see the attached letter.
 
Thank you,
 
Courtney Dykstra
Business Development Manager
Becker Boards
Office 602-732-2884 |  Cell 480-252-1275  | Fax 602 368-4358
 
Los Angeles  I  Miami  I  Phoenix  I  San Francisco
 
<image001.png>
 
 
<Maricopa County Digital Billboard Ordinance.pdf>
<CALENDAR ITEM: THURS 9.9.21 at 9:30am Maricopa County billboard TA hearing.eml>

TO: Maricopa County Planning and Zoning Commission 
FROM: Larry Whitesell 
DATE: September 8, 2021 
 
SUBJECT: Opposition to TA2018001 - Off-Site Advertising Signs (Billboards)  
                 Do Not Recommend Approval of This Major Change to the Current Ordinance 
 
Dear Commissioners: 
I am opposed to the proposed Text Amendment in its entirety. Although the applicant wants us to believe 
that this is more restrictive than the current ordinance, it is not. Most importantly, it allows digital display 
advertising to be built as well as existing static billboards to be converted. It also includes major changes in 
size, height, setbacks, distance between boards, and separation from residentially zoned property. The 
details of the proposed TA should have been developed by a working group of stakeholders, not drafted by a 
single billboard company to meet their goal to increased revenue.  
These are some of my specific concerns: 
Among other bad provisions of the proposed TA, the distance spacing and setback provisions are less 
restrictive than the current ordinance.  
1403.3.1  
Billboards shall be permitted uses in the C-2 and C-3 zoning districts subject to the following conditions:  
A. 
Separation Distance:  
 2.    Static billboard conversion to digital billboard:  
  
c.  Any non-conforming existing freeway billboard that is converted to digital must maintain a  
  
 
distance not fewer than 500 feet from other freeway digital  billboards, and must include a  
  
 
decorative pole cover which includes identifying the nearest City to billboard within the design at 
  
 
the City’s discretion. 
 
This is closer than the proposed language for static displays. It should be greater than 3,000 ft/1,000 ft. 
 
F. Development Standards:  
1.  Billboards located greater than 300’ from of an existing freeway  
  
a. Shall be limited to thirty (30) feet in height inclusive of all embellishments, lighting, and        
  
 
attachments.  
    
b.    Shall be limited to three-hundred (300) square feet in sign face area. The maximum square  
  
 
footage may   be exceeded by up to ten percent (10%) by use of embellishments.  
 2.  Billboards located within 300’ of an existing freeway: 2. Billboards located within 300’ of an existing 
  
freeway:  
    
a.  Shall be limited to forty-eight (48) feet above adjacent grade or elevation of the main travel lanes 
  
 
of a freeway or subject property (whichever is greater but not to exceed 1380’), inclusive of all 
  
 
embellishments, lighting, and attachments.  
      
b.  Shall be limited to six hundred seventy-two (672) square feet in sign face area. The maximum 
  
 
square footage of sign area may be exceeded by up to twenty percent (20%) by use of  
  
 
embellishments.

Considering concepts of perspective and vanishing point, this provision is backwards. Billboards closer to a 
freeway should be smaller in square footage and lower in height. Those farther away should be larger and 
taller. 
There are major concerns in addition to the specific changes to the current zoning ordinance. 
Please also consider the stated purpose of the ordinance: 
SECTION 1401. GENERAL SIGNAGE REGULATIONS ARTICLE 1401.1. PURPOSE: The purpose of this Chapter is 
to promote public safety, create an attractive business climate, and enhance the physical appearance of the 
community through a comprehensive system of reasonable, consistent, and nondiscriminatory sign 
standards and requirements.  
The proposed TA does not protect many areas of the county from being damaged by billboards. Although 
specific scenic corridors are excluded, e.g. Wickenburg and St Rt 74, areas in the southern part of the county 
should be considered as scenic. For example, much of the Sonoran Desert National Monument lies within 
Maricopa County but the current text amendment would allow digital billboards to obstruct this beautiful  
location.

I-8 stretches the full length of the county and is a major east-west route for people from across the county. 
We should not obstruct their views of our natural environment. 
St Rt 85 linking I-10 and I-8 is the recommended route for Valley residents to travel to San Diego and other 
cities and towns in Arizona and California. 
These two heavily traveled freeways will be prime targets for billboard companies to locate off-premise 
digital advertising at the expense of the enjoyment of every traveler who once enjoyed unblemished views.  
 
     StRt 85 -  Imagine a 672 sq ft digital billboard      Even a small directional sign negatively impacts       
 
with 0 setbacks along the side of the road! 
beauty of the moment.

The applicant provided you with a Phoenix City Council Report for the May 19,2021 meeting, the Billboard 
Concessions Lease Agreement, that verifies Becker Boards was awarded a contract to lease property from 
the City for continuing use of billboards. The financial impact is: 
First year annual revenue will be approximately $685,000 (MAG) or of 60 percent f gross sales, whichever is 
greater. For every year thereafter, MAG  
shall be adjusted to 75 percent of the prior years’ annual rent payment or 100 percent of the previous year’s 
MAG, whichever is greater. 
What provisions are being made to ensure on-going revenue generation for the County from the sale of 
advertising on billboards? Nowhere does the applicant, when listing the benefits of billboards, mention a 
continuing revenue stream to the County through advertising sales. Not to have lease agreements such as 
the one with Phoenix would violate state statues prohibiting any individual or private entity from being 
enriched through the use of public property. 
You and the County Supervisors and staff are custodians of the public assets of the County. Your priority 
should be to protect those assets, especially those of natural beauty, for the continued use and enjoyment of 
the public. Recommending passage of this text amendment places for-profit gain of billboard companies over 
the interest of the public.  
I urge you to not support the proposed text amendment.

From:
Mark Becker
To:
Darren V. Gérard (PND); Ray Banker (PND); William Lally
Cc:
Joseph White; Jacob Zonn
Subject:
Fwd: New web submission from Contact Form - GENERAL
Date:
Wednesday, September 8, 2021 11:16:50 AM
FYI.
Sent from my iPad
Begin forwarded message:
From: Bill <Smith@adssuck.com>
Date: September 8, 2021 at 11:02:52 AM PDT
To: Info <info@beckerboards.com>
Subject: New web submission from Contact Form - GENERAL
Reply-To: Smith@adssuck.com

Name
 
Bill
Email
 
Smith@adssuck.com
Message
 
Greedy, shallow people like you ruin cities. You make the world a worse place, ugly,
overlit, and cheap. 
What do you have against the night sky?
Sincerely, 
Fuck You, you trash.
Estimated Budget
 
$1
Market of Interest*
 
Phoenix
DEPARTMENT:
 
GENERAL

From:
Mark Becker
To:
Claude Haynes
Cc:
Darren V. Gérard (PND); Ray Banker (PND); William Lally; Jacob Zonn
Subject:
Re: Maricopa County Digital Billboard Ordinance
Date:
Wednesday, September 8, 2021 11:10:59 AM
Thank you Claude. I appreciate your willingness to have a calm, rational discussion about
these issues. I really do.
Sincerely,
Mark D. Becker
Sent from my iPad
On Sep 8, 2021, at 10:06 AM, Claude Haynes <azstargeazer@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear Mr Becker, I appreciate your reply to my email.   
I am sure that we disagree on a number of items, but I appreciate the addition of
new technology to ease light trespass for neighborhoods surrounding digital
signs.  I imagine there will be some pushback from other sign vendors at
tomorrow's meeting due to the increased expense, but it is a good start toward
mitigation.  I did look at the links, and tried to research the technology from the
vendor.  While the light output may be less (hard to really tell from their site), I
am still concerned at the overall power usage required to illuminate digital signs
during daylight.  Our weather is in flux, whether one believes in climate change or
not, and the demands on the electric grid continue to grow in lockstep with the
population growth of the valley.  Energy use is a concern.
The Federal study you cite as definitive was 10 years ago.  The study itself stated
that more research needed to be done, and I question the methodology of studying
eye motion alone.  Even if you don't tell the participant what you are looking for,
I am guessing most will realize they need to keep their eyes on the road.  Some
more recent studies have correlated rear end and side-swipe accident increases in
areas where billboards are present compared to areas without them.  To be fair
those areas probably are also more congested, but people do seem more easily
distracted nowadays.   
I especially appreciate your statement about compliance.  It is reassuring since
your most recent proposal attempts to strike the wording in Section 1112.7.1 of
the lighting code concerning non-compliant billboards caught me by surprise.  I
am hopefully that you will address that issue by not neutering the requirement for
bottom lit signs greater than 301 square feet to be off from midnight to dawn. If
you wish to negotiate a time line for compliance that is fine, but six years seems a
long time. I have attached a spreadsheet to the email.  It contains a list of Becker
Boards greater than 301 square feet that I have observed as illuminated past
midnight. I am not sure that I captured all of the out--of-compliance signs, since I

focused mainly upon the freeway locations.  I am glad you are willing to become
compliant.  The spreadsheet also contains the Maricopa County Land ID and
Deed Number because I was contemplating filing a code compliance complaint
with Maricopa County and the City of Phoenix. 
You do have a lot of billboards.  I count over 70 just along the major freeways for
your company alone.  With digital billboards becoming a standard, I imagine that
many of your competitors will want to convert theirs as well.  I will argue
strenuously at tomorrow's meeting that the language in Section 1112.7.1 remains
as is.  Changing it would enable many non-conforming billboards that are now
dark after midnight to shine forth for six years awaiting compliance.  I am not
sure if that was your intent, but it is the consequence of the wording change.
Thank you again for your reply.  I do appreciate the opportunity to discuss the
proposed changes.
On Wed, Sep 8, 2021 at 8:07 AM Mark Becker <mbecker@beckerboards.com>
wrote:
Thanks Claude. The estimated 40-50 signs are all the signs combined - ours as
well as those of our competitors. 
Please keep in mind that the light output with the new digital technology is
LESS than what’s currently being displayed on the existing externally
illuminated static billboards in the County. If you haven’t had a chance to take a
look at the links in my letter, i hope that you can find the time to do so. It’s
really impressive and persuasive.
The Federal study that we site was done independently by the Federal
government over a decade ago. In addition to doing its own analysis and tests,
they reviewed all the other studies that were out there. It’s the “gold standard”
study. I’d expect that the distraction “issue” would be substantially less with
this new technology.  I don’t know of any case where a digital billboard caused
more accidents. The ads hold for 8 seconds each which obviates the distraction
“issue”.
As far as i know, we’re in compliance with all laws. However, we have a lot of
boards, so it is possible that something is set improperly somewhere. If you
have a specific location that you’re referring to, please let me know and we’ll
get it rectified immediately.
Respectfully,
Mark D. Becker
Sent from my iPad
On Aug 25, 2021, at 12:39 PM, Claude Haynes

<azstargeazer@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear Mr Becker
I appreciate your email concerning the proposed changes to the
Maricopa County sign code.  Open discussion is valuable and
helpful.  I assume that Mr. White shared an email I sent him on
July 19.  I will try not to repeat my arguments in that regard, but do
want to take issue and question some of the logic used in your
email.
Proliferation - you state that only 40 - 50 signs are impacted
directly by this change.  Is this number based solely upon Becker
Board's inventory or the aggregate inventory of all billboards
including your competitors as well?  If only your inventory, then
the number could be considerably higher.  
Las Vegas - you are correct that the casinos are mostly on an
arterial street, but the city is crowded with billboards all along the
encircling freeways advertising shows, buffets and how "loose"
their slots are (for the math impaired).  Las Vegas is a classic
example of a town controlled by monied interests with little regard
for light, water or visual pollution.  Phoenix is now the fifth largest
metropolitan area in the nation.  We should not submit to a belief
that environmental and quality of life degradation are inevitable.
Safety - I do not think it adequate to rely upon a single study with a
favorable outcome to your argument as definitive.  I have seen
survey research which show an increased correlation of sideswipe
and rear end accidents in areas with numerous billboards.  These
studies also show an increased risk for young drivers who spend
more time looking away from the road than older drivers.  It is an
especially disingenuous argument when the purpose of your
company is to have people look at the "shiny thing".  Is the federal
study you cite used during your sales pitch for a prospective
client?  Do you tout the benefit of people spending little time
looking at your billboards?
 
Dark Skies - while the technology you propose does help eliminate
light trespass, I do not believe it has any impact upon the total
emission of photons.  In fact, without technical documentation I
imagine it might require a brighter setting.  I applaud your attempt
to mitigate issues using newer technology, but remain a little
skeptical without further details.  I also take issue with your
statement "the current ordinance which allows the externally
illuminated static billboards to remain on all night".  My reading of
the Maricopa and Phoenix sign codes state that signs greater than
301 square feet should cease illumination past midnight.  While

some of your signs are smaller, I believe that the majority of signs
are greater in area.  Is there another permission that I am unaware
of which enables you to have those larger billboards remain
illuminated?  I ask you to certify that Becker Boards is in
compliance with all regulatory requirements for the governmental
entities in which your signs reside.
Cost effective - you state that digital billboards are a cost effective
method for small business' and charities to advertise, but that
argument is also an unstated acknowledgment that they are much
more profitable for you as well.  An item that I commented on to
Planning and Development is the total energy cost for digital
billboards. At night they are probably comparable to a static sign,
but for them to operate during daylight they must compete with the
sun for visibility.  They are a significant drain upon the electric
infrastructure which should not be ignored.
Gambling - it is interesting that you mention the new gaming
compact and lighting from construction of new casinos.  Perhaps it
comes to mind because you have successfully skirted the
regulations on digital billboards by placing one on tribal land which
operates 24/7.  I recall being in a P&D meeting in 2019 when it
was mentioned that most of your competitors turned off their static
billboards at the same time as digital.  Mr. White expressed surprise
and said he would look into it.  Currently almost all static
billboards in the valley which are illuminated after midnight are
Becker Boards.  I requested turning off signs in my more recent
emails.  His answer, and yours, was  "we don't have to".  I await
your certification that Becker Boards is in complete compliance
concerning illumination of larger boards after midnight. Your
competitors recognized a public value in turning off illuminated
signs late at night - you did not.  As a gambling person, I am not
betting that you, or your company, really care about light pollution
and preserving the night sky.  You will do the minimum the law
requires, and for that reason I and others must work to make the
regulations as specific and detailed as possible.  
Again, I appreciate the conversation and your careful consideration
in this matter.
On Mon, Aug 23, 2021 at 1:08 PM Courtney Dykstra
<cdykstra@beckerboards.com> wrote:
Please see the attached letter.
 
Thank you,

Courtney Dykstra
Business Development Manager
Becker Boards
Office 602-732-2884 |  Cell 480-252-1275  | Fax 602 368-4358
 
Los Angeles  I  Miami  I  Phoenix  I  San Francisco
 
<image001.png>
 
 
-- 
Claude Haynes
azstargeazer@gmail.com
480-221-5792 (cell)
-- 
Claude Haynes
azstargeazer@gmail.com
480-221-5792 (cell)
<Becker Static After Midnight.xlsx>

From:
Marie Atchison
To:
Courtney Dykstra
Cc:
Mark Becker; Joseph White; William E. Lally; Jacob Zonn; Darren V. Gérard (PND); Ray Banker (PND)
Subject:
Re: Maricopa County Digital Billboard Ordinance
Date:
Wednesday, September 8, 2021 7:51:22 AM
Attachments:
CALENDAR ITEM THURS 9.9.21 at 930am Maricopa County billboard TA hearing.eml.msg
I don’t believe you are being very truthful in your letter!  Shameful, Deceitful!  and I am truly
hoping there is enough of us to stop this kind of S**T from happening in our neighborhood!
On Aug 23, 2021, at 1:08 PM, Courtney Dykstra <cdykstra@beckerboards.com>
wrote:

Please see the attached letter.
 
Thank you,
 
Courtney Dykstra
Business Development Manager
Becker Boards
Office 602-732-2884 |  Cell 480-252-1275  | Fax 602 368-4358
 
Los Angeles  I  Miami  I  Phoenix  I  San Francisco
 
<image001.png>
 
 
<Maricopa County Digital Billboard Ordinance.pdf>

From:
Rachel Applegate (PND)
To:
Ray Banker (PND)
Cc:
Darren V. Gérard (PND)
Subject:
FW: Maricopa Planning Commission 9.9.21, Agenda item #4. Case # TA2018001
Date:
Wednesday, September 8, 2021 6:42:52 AM
 
From: Pam Fitzgerald <pftz1@cox.net> 
Sent: Tuesday, September 7, 2021 9:46 PM
To: Rachel Applegate (PND) <Rachel.Applegate@Maricopa.Gov>
Subject: Maricopa Planning Commission 9.9.21, Agenda item #4. Case # TA2018001
 
I am strongly  opposed to TA2018001, digital billboards, scheduled to be heard on 9.9.21,
agenda item #4.
This is a terrible amendment .

Nancy Fitzhugh
1250 South Kingston Street
Chandler, AZ 85286
September 3, 2021
Maricopa County Supervisors
301 West Jefferson Street
10th Floor
Phoenix, AZ 85003
To whom it may concern,
One of the results of the past year and a half that we’ve all lived through the pandemic is that
small and large businesses alike have suffered financially to a very dramatic degree. I believe
that the digital billboard would be a plus on the side of businesses who want to continue to fight
to stay in business. I fully support anything that will help entrepreneurs to succeed, which in turn
will help our local economy.
Sincerely,
Nancy Fitzhugh
602-703-1929
nancyfitzhugh@ymail.com

From:
Rachel Applegate (PND)
To:
Ray Banker (PND)
Subject:
FW: Case number TA2018001 Agenda item #4
Date:
Tuesday, September 7, 2021 3:02:47 PM
 
From: Dave Jackson <dash_85283@yahoo.com> 
Sent: Tuesday, September 7, 2021 3:00 PM
To: Rachel Applegate (PND) <Rachel.Applegate@Maricopa.Gov>
Subject: Case number TA2018001 Agenda item #4
 
Rachel,
 
I am very much opposed to the text amendment for Digital Billboards within the city limits of Phoenix.
 
I am registered for the meeting however I do not wish to speak. 
I want to be on record as being very much opposed to this request. 
In my opinion, this type of advertising reduces the appeal of living in Phoenix.
There are other problems as my understanding that the amendment negatively changes other parts to
billboard advertising.
 
Sincerely,
 
Dave Jackson
RVNA President
4247 E Windsor Ave
Phoenix, AZ  85008-1418
602 524-2401 C
dash_85283@yahoo.com

From:
Neal Haddad
To:
Rachel Applegate (PND)
Cc:
Ray Banker (PND); Paul Barnes
Subject:
Submittal for TA2018001, Planning Commission 9.9.21 agenda item #4
Date:
Tuesday, September 7, 2021 2:38:16 PM
Attachments:
Rpt on safety of digital billboards J Wachtel.pdf
Attached please find a report to be distributed at your earliest opportunity to
members of the Maricopa County Planning Commission and to members of the Board
of Supervisors. This document relates to item #4 on the Maricopa Planning
Commission's published agenda for 9.9.21. 
Thank you in advance. 
B. Paul Barnes
Neal Haddad
Neighborhood Coalition of Greater Phoenix 
-- 
Neal Haddad
neal.haddad@gmail.com
602.684.3889

A REPORT ON THE SAFETY IMPACTS OF DIGITAL BILLBOARDS 
 
Submitted to The Maricopa County Planning  Commission and 
Board of Supervisors 
 
By Jerry Wachtel, President, The Veridian Group, Inc., Berkeley, California 
 
 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
In his letter dated August 22, 2021, Mark D. Becker of Becker Boards (applicant) addresses five 
separate issues that have apparently led to opposition to the “proposed digital billboard text 
amendment” in Maricopa County. One of the five issues concerns “driver safety/distraction.” As 
this writer’s expertise and concern lie with issues of traffic safety (of which one component is 
distraction) this report addresses this issue only. 
 
BILLBOARDS, DRIVER DISTRACTION, AND TRAFFIC SAFETY. 
 
In the applicant’s letter of August 22, 2021, he includes a section titled “Driver 
Safety/Distraction.” In a dramatic, and dramatically untrue opening statement on this issue he 
says: “This myth has been completely debunked.” In fact, quite the opposite is true, as well 
more than 100 technical papers have been written on this subject in the past two decades 
alone. The current author has the space to cite just a few of them in this report, and the reader 
may choose to read his detailed and critical Compendium1 of the recent literature, an ongoing 
document that currently reviews 27 such papers published between 2008 and 2019. The 
current version of the Compendium was requested by and undertaken for the Legal Division of 
the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). An earlier paper by the current author2 
discusses and peer reviews articles on this topic prior to 2009. A third paper3, published in the 
journal Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, discusses some 90 research studies 
on the subject and concludes: “…there is an emerging trend in the literature suggesting that 
roadside advertising, particularly those signs with changeable messages, can increase crash 
risk.” Still other recent papers, by Sisiopiku, et al4, Gitelman, et al.5, and even the Conference of 
European Directors of Roads (CEDR)6 have reached the same conclusion. In fact, the more 
thorough and more recent the research, the more likely it is that the study found links 
(correlations) between the presence of roadside advertising, particularly with digital billboards, 
and driver distraction, which is known to be causative of traffic accidents.

THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION’S (FHWA) ROLE IN THIS ISSUE. 
 
On page 2 of his August 22, 2021 letter, the applicant further states: “The federal government 
(meaning the Federal Highway Administration - FHWA) studied this issue (driver safety and 
distraction) exhaustively and issued a formal opinion before adopting language to allow 
billboards on its freeways.” Because the applicant did not identify the source document he 
refers to, it seems that he has conflated at least two documents, as discussed below. 
Regardless, he demonstrates a serious misunderstanding of FHWA’s activities in this field, in an 
apparent attempt to strengthen his case.  
 
The first such document, and the only one that can be seen as a “formal opinion” is a 
Memorandum from the agency’s Associate Administrator for Planning, Environment, and Realty 
dated September 25, 2007.7  As someone who worked for FHWA for 11 years and was the 
author of the agency’s (and the world’s) first study on digital billboards8, this writer can say 
with confidence that the applicant’s statement is false. The “formal opinion” issued by FHWA in 
2007 was based on no research or study whatsoever. It simply reported on current practice in 
the industry regarding details such as billboard brightness, frequency of message change, etc., 
and adopted that practice into its opinion. For example, when it came to brightness, the 
Memorandum issued this vague statement: “Adjust brightness in response to light levels so 
that the signs are not unreasonably bright for the safety of the motoring public” (pg. 2).This 
non-helpful, unsupported statement was made despite the availability to FHWA of substantial 
research complete with specific recommended brightness levels. To restate, FHWA’s 2007 
Memorandum had zero basis in research and cited no references, despite the fact that 
considerable research was available to the agency at that time. 
 
The second FHWA document that may have been inappropriately referred to by the applicant 
was a study performed for the agency by Perez, et al.9, and dated 2012. The draft version of this 
report was criticized so severely by its reviewers that FHWA took 33 months to revise the study 
(it usually takes 30-60 days for such revision), which, although dated September 2012 was not 
posted to the agency’s website until December 30, 2013. This revised version of the report was, 
in turn, reviewed by the present author,10 whose highly critical report was reviewed and 
agreed-to by 14 independent expert peer reviewers. To our knowledge, the revised FHWA 
report was not subjected to independent peer review by the agency prior to its issuance on the 
agency’s website. Significantly, the document has never been given an official agency report 
number, which means that it has never been officially published. Thus, any reviewers of this 
work will likely only discover the seriously flawed draft document (which does have an agency 
report number because it was actually published for review). 
 
BRIGHTNESS (LUMINANCE) AND TRAFFIC SAFETY. 
 
The applicant’s discussion of digital billboard light output was addressed only in the context of 
upward light trespass (which he called “spillage”) which adversely affects dark skies in the 
surrounding area. But sign brightness has specific, and negative effects on driver vision, and 
hence plays a role in driver distraction. The brightness (properly called luminance) of a digital

billboard is first set upon manufacture of the sign, but once installed, a billboard’s brightness 
can be readily adjusted on-site or remotely by the billboard owner/operator. There are two 
significant characteristics of digital billboard brightness that can adversely impact traffic safety. 
The first is discomfort or disability glare that can impair a driver’s vision upon approach to the 
billboard. The second is the instantaneous change in brightness as the billboard transitions 
from one display to the next. This instant change in brightness level is what triggers an eye 
glance from the driver toward the billboard and contributes to driver visual distraction away 
from the forward roadway. Experts generally define driver distraction as any behavior or 
activity that takes that driver’s attention (including visual attention such as glances and eye 
movements) away from the principal driving task, however briefly. 
 
In the case of luminance, both of these concerns can be addressed by simply reducing the 
maximum brightness of the digital billboard to a reasonable level. We can define a reasonable 
level as one that is no brighter than conventional billboards that have existed adjacent to 
roadways for decades without complaint on this issue, and that reduces glare to acceptable 
limits as defined by internationally accepted standards11  .  
 
Because the applicant discusses brightness only in the context of the Dark Skies movement, 
ignoring its contribution to glare and to distraction, he suggests that his proposed billboards 
can solve the brightness problem by using louvres that reduce light coming from the billboard 
screen to shine upwards. While this solution may assist with the dark sky problem (which is 
beyond the scope of this report), it does nothing for, and in fact exacerbates the problem of 
excess brightness into the eyes of drivers and other road users. That is because the same 
amount of light that would normally be broadcast outward at 360 degrees from the billboard 
face is now focused downward by the louvres, into drivers’ eyes. Indeed, the applicant’s letter 
of August 22, 2021 specifically states that these louvres “limit the visibility of the billboard 
except to oncoming traffic” (pg. 2).  It is, of course, of great concern that the applicant never 
mentions the actual proposed brightness levels of his signs, when brightness is a key 
component in traffic safety and driver behavior. 
 
MESSAGE CHANGE INTERVAL (DWELL TIME) AND DRIVER DISTRACTION. 
 
The applicant is silent on the impact of the billboards’ dwell time (the length of time that each 
message is visible on the sign). This is a significant oversight as dwell time has a critical role to 
play in driver distraction. The principal benefit claimed for digital billboards by their proponents 
is that multiple advertisements can share time on the billboard platform by rotating their 
message every several seconds, minutes, or hours. Obviously, the more messages that can be 
rotated through any time cycle, the more revenue the owner of the billboard can achieve. Over 
time, the billboard industry has settled upon an 8-second “dwell” time. It must be noted that 
there has been no research to support this message change interval, and no such support has 
ever been claimed by the industry. It simply seems that this is the shortest time interval the 
industry could support without running into the risk of claims by regulators that their signs 
present “flashing lights” or “flashing messages.” Such “flashing lights” are expressly forbidden 
in most government zoning codes that address roadside billboards.

It has been shown that it is the moment of the message change, with its attendant change in 
imagery and brightness, that attracts the driver’s eye and thus causes the distraction. It 
therefore follows that, the more frequent the message change, the greater distraction is 
produced, thus suggesting that longer dwell times are appropriate. Rather than the 
unsupported 8-second message change interval, some jurisdictions have increased their dwell 
time to minutes, and even hours.  
 
This author has developed a simple formula to determine an appropriate dwell time for 
different roads and traffic conditions. This formula derives from the goal that no given driver 
will see more than a single message change during his or her approach to a digital billboard. 
The basis of this goal, of course, is to reduce to a minimum the number of distractions from the 
message change that are presented to a driver in the environment.  
 
The formula is based on knowing the speed limit and the distance from which a digital billboard 
can first be seen by the approaching driver. Specifically, one applies the formula by dividing the 
sight distance (in feet) by the speed limit (in feet per second) to arrive at a value. This value, 
rounded up to the next whole number if necessary, is the suggested dwell time. To take an 
example, if a specific digital billboard can be seen from 1,000 feet upstream of the sign, and if 
the speed limit is 65 MPH (95 feet per second), the dwell time would need to be 12 seconds at a 
minimum. Longer sight distances would require longer dwell times. Of course, the billboard 
industry seeks a single, constant dwell time for all of its digital billboards along a given roadway 
or in a specific region. This makes the sign companies’ marketing and billing more 
straightforward. The solution is to set as a default dwell time the longest calculated dwell time 
for the given roadway or region. 
 
DRIVER DISTRACTION AND ACCIDENTS. 
 
Do billboards cause accidents? The applicant states that there is no known example of a 
billboard operating in accordance with the FHWA’s 2007 Memorandum causing an accident. 
That may be the common narrative among billboard proponents, but it is not true. A recent 
Israeli study, the most comprehensive, systematic, epidemiological study in this field,12 
published in 2018, shows that billboards actually have a dramatic connection to accidents. 
Specifically, what the study shows is that when existing billboards were covered or removed by 
the local governing authority (as part of a larger study), accidents on the affected roadway 
declined by 30-40%, depending on road section. At the end of the study period, when billboards 
were returned to operation, accidents increased by 30-60%. Directly to the point, a study by 
Sisiopiku, et al4 was conducted in Florida and Alabama, and concluded: “The overall results 
were consistent between the two states. The presence of digital billboards increased the overall 
crash rates at "digital advertising billboard influence zones" by 25% in Florida and 29% in 
Alabama.”  
 
What the human factors community says on this issue is that billboards lead to driver 
distraction, and when a driver’s available information-processing capacity is diminished by

demanding driving conditions (e.g., heavy traffic, complex roadway interchanges, adverse 
weather, driving on unfamiliar roads, etc.), distraction can lead to driver error which in turn 
may cause a crash. 
 
REFERENCES. 
 
1. Wachtel, J. (2020). “Compendium of a Decade’s Worth of Research Studies on 
Distraction from Digital Billboards (Commercial Electronic Variable Message Signs 
[CEVMS]). Technical Paper prepared for the California State Department of 
Transportation, Legal Division. 
 
2. Wachtel, J. (2009). “Safety Impacts of the Emerging Digital Display Technology for 
Outdoor Advertising Signs.” Report No. 20-7 (256). Washington, DC: National 
Cooperative Highway Research Program. 
 
3. Oviedo-Trespalacios, O., Truelove, V., Watson, B., & Hinton JA. (2019). “The Impact of 
Road Advertising Signs on Driver Behaviour and Implications for Road Safety: A Critical 
Systematic Review.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 122, April 
2019, 85-98. 
 
4. Sisiopiku, VP, Islam, M, Haleem, K, Alluri, P. & Gan, A. (2014). Investigation of the 
Potential Relationship between Crash Occurrence and the Presence of Digital 
Advertising Billboards in Alabama and Florida. Proceedings of the Transportation 
Research Board (TRB) 94th Annual Meeting 
 
5. Gitelman, V., Doveh, E., & Zaidel, D. (2019). “An examination of billboard impacts on 
crashes on a suburban highway: Comparing three periods – Billboards present, 
removed, and restored.”  Traffic Injury Prevention, 20, 569-574. 
 
6. Vlakveld, W. & Helman, S. (2018). “The effects of (digital) roadside advertising: an 
overview of the literature.” Conference of the European Directors of Roads (CEDR). 
Brussels, Belgium. 
 
7. Shepherd, G.M. (20070. Memorandum, “Guidance on Off-Premise Changeable Message 
Signs.” U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Real Estate. 
 
8. Wachtel, J., and Netherton, RD, (1980). “Safety and Environmental Design 
Considerations in the Use of Commercial Electronic Variable Message Signage: Final 
Report. Report No. FHWA/RD-80/051. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of 
Transportation, 1980.  
 
9. Perez, WA., Bertola, MA, Kennedy, JF, & Molino, JA. (2012). “Driver Visual Behavior in 
the Presence of Commercial Electronic Variable Message Signs (CEVMS).” Unnumbered 
Report, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC. Downloaded from the web at:

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/real_estate/oac/visual_behavior_report/final/cevmsfinal.pdf  
 
10. Wachtel, J. (2015). “A Peer-Reviewed Critique of the Federal Highway Administration 
(FHWA) Report Titled: ‘Driver Visual Behavior in the Presence of Commercial 
Electronic Variable Message Signs’ ”. 
 
11. IES/ANSI RP-39-19. “Recommended Practice: Off-Highway Sign Luminance – An 
American National Standard.” Illuminating Engineering Society of North 
America/American National Standards Institute. 
 
12. Gitelman, V., Doveh, E., & Zaidel, D. (2019). “An examination of billboard impacts on 
crashes on a suburban highway: Comparing three periods – Billboards present, 
removed, and restored.”  Traffic Injury Prevention, 20, 569-574.

From:
Rachel Applegate (PND)
To:
Ray Banker (PND)
Cc:
Darren V. Gérard (PND)
Subject:
FW: Request to Speak in opposition of TA2028001, Sep 9
Date:
Tuesday, September 7, 2021 2:15:23 PM
 
From: Rolf Jansen <rolfjansen.work@gmail.com> 
Sent: Tuesday, September 7, 2021 2:07 PM
To: Rachel Applegate (PND) <Rachel.Applegate@Maricopa.Gov>
Subject: Request to Speak in opposition of TA2028001, Sep 9
 
Dear Rachel,
I would like to request the opportunity to speak in opposition of
TA2028001 at the Planning & Zoning Commission hearing this Thursday
September 9th (agenda item #4, case number TA2018001 - Off-Site
Advertising Signs), when this TA is discussed and the floor is open
to public comments.
Case Number/Rule: TA2018001 - Off-Site Advertising Signs
(Billboards)
Department:       Planning and Development
I would like to : Express opposition
First Name:       Rolf
Last Name:        Jansen
City:             Tempe
Zip:              85281
Email:            rolfjansen.work@gmail.com
Phone Number:     480-968-6739
Phone Type:       Home
Would you like someone to contact you?: Yes
Comments:  I have expressed my *oppositiion* to the proposed TA,
both
privately as a resident of Maricopa County and professionally as an
observational astronomer, at the June 17 2021 meeting, and had
planned
to do so at the discussion of this text amendment that was
originally
planned for the August meeting of the Planning & Zoning Commission.
In the meantime the applicant, Becker Boards, has contacted all
those
who opposed their text amendment with a letter that claims that
those
in opposition do not know the facts, and which proceeds with
statements
--presented as fact-- that are demonstrably incorrect, that cite a
government study that has been debunked for its utter lack of
scientific rigor, and that omit or gloss over many of the real
concerns
expressed by various stakeholders that include local city
governments.
That letter was submitted in the materials now in the public record
for this case, as were letters in support of the TA by only clients
of
Becker Boards.  In the 1297 pages regarding this case in the public
record as of Sep 2 2021, I find no stakeholders other than Becker
Boards
and their direct clients in favor of this text amendment that

serves
only their companies' bottom line, to the detriment of the citizens
of
Maricopa County.  In fact, the overwhelming majority of public
comments
is in opposition to this TA.  I therefore remain in *strong
opposition*,
maintain that this is a regional issue that should involve and
should
be directed by the Maricopa County Association of Governments in
consult
with their equivalents in neighboring counties, and should not be
decided by the Maricopa County Planning & Zoning Commission based
on
text written by a single private interest, even if it took input
from
prior opposition and advice from government bodies under
consideration.
Apart from the horrible aesthetics and loss of the enjoyment of the
night sky presented by these digital billboards, as a resident over
50
years of age I am experiencing more hindrance from the glare of
these
signs, which are prominently visible for miles before they are
readable.
By their very nature and design, these billboards aim to distract
drivers to present messaging that serves no public purpose, nor
information relevant for drivers safety and navigation. Even the
best
baffled digital billboards emit light above the horizontal and in
particular within an angle up to 15 degrees above the horizontal.
As a
professional astronomer using several of the largest telescopes in
Arizona, I directly experience the detrimental effects of this
worst
kind of wasted light, which is scattered in the atmosphere and
reflected
by even very thin cirrus, haze, and aerosols.  It greatly increases
the
prominence of the light dome of the Phoenix metropolitan area. 
That
light dome is visible to distances greater than 120 miles, even
when
partially shielded by intervening mountain ranges, and raises the
brightness of the sky above the natural level. Thus, this kind of
light
pollution constitutes a regional issue, rather than a local one,
that
requires coordination at a multi-county or even multi-state
governmental
level.  Astronomy, Planetary Sciences and Space Sciences represent
a
capital investment in the Arizona economy in excess of $1 billion
(according to a 2007 study by the Eller College of Management of
the
University of Arizona), and stargazing nets in excess of $250
million a
year (Arizona Republic, January 17 2008). Arizona hosts the largest
optical telescope in the world (the twin 27.6 foot Large Binocular
Telescope atop Mt.Graham), and this and other large astronomical
observing facilities bring in both federal and international
funding to
Arizona, contingent on the assumption of long-term local
protections.

This is one of the reasons that compromise legislation by the
Arizona
State Legislature in 2012 includes specific state protections and
restrictions on digital billboards (electronic message boards) in
large
portions of the state centered on major astronomical observatories
through ARS 28-7902.  Individual local governments may impose
stronger
restrictions if they choose.  In particular, automatic measures to
dim
the brightness of these electronic message boards based on the
ambient
brightness (a maximum of 100 nits was advised in the draft Pattern
Outdoor Lighting Code that resulted from the Maricopa County
Association
of Governments Dark Sky Stakeholders efforts in 2008-2011), and
curfews
that require turning them off at the end of civil twilight (which
is
earlier than 11 pm) would help mitigate the nuisance, trespass, and
negative impact on the natural night sky at large distances from
these
billboards.  In other parts of the country, wherever a digital
billboard
is erected or a traditional billboard is converted to digital,
there
are requirements to remove existing billboards at a ratio that
corresponds to the light emitted by the new billboard compared to
the
existing (traditional) ones -- for a 300 square feet digital
message
board this is usually a factor of 6 to 10.  For 672 square feet
boards
this ratio should be closer to 20, i.e., removal of 20 existing
boards
as a public benefit to allow the erection of or conversion to one
digital board. The present language willfully omits any such
requirements
because it was written by a single non-government entity. 
Similarly the
stakeholders are anyone with property or business that might be
affected
by a billboard's direct glare or scattered light, regardless of
whether
that would be property or business in a county island or within a
specific distance from that board.  That should require
notification and
multiple rounds of opportunity to comment, and review by all
stakeholders, not the narrow subset defined in the current text. 
Again,
this follows from the TA having been written by a single party with
vested interests in limiting public comment and oversight. 
Similarly,
the exclusion of billboards on an opposite side of a highway for
the
determination of radial distance between billboards is a clear
loophole that will not serve the public.  At present, off-site
digital
billboards are not allowed to be erected in Maricopa County.  Until
a
proper public process, initiated by Maricopa County and neighboring
governments and with input from *all* stakeholders, is completed,
Maricopa County residents are better off with the existing
situation
than with the present text amendment.

Thank you,
Rolf
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. Rolf A. Jansen                   Research Scientist
                                     Extragalactic Astronomy & Cosmology
School of Earth & Space Exploration  tel:   (none)
Arizona State University             fax:   (+1)480 965 8960
550 E. Tyler Mall, Room PSF-686      email: Rolf.Jansen@asu.edu
P.O. Box 871404                             rolfjansen.work@gmail.com
TEMPE AZ 85287-1404                  URL:   www.public.asu.edu/~rjansen
 
** my working hours may vary from yours -- please do not respond outside
   of your own working hours **
------------------------------------------------------------------------

From:
Neal Haddad
To:
Rachel Applegate (PND)
Cc:
Ray Banker (PND); Paul Barnes
Subject:
Submittal for TA2018001, Planning Commission 9.9.21 agenda item #4
Date:
Tuesday, September 7, 2021 11:34:01 AM
Attachments:
Letter to PC & BOS w comments v_2.pdf
Attached please find a letter to be distributed at your earliest opportunity to members
of the Maricopa County Planning Commission and to members of the Board of
Supervisors. This document relates to item #4 on the Maricopa Planning
Commission's published agenda for 9.9.21. 
Thank you in advance. 
B. Paul Barnes
Neal Haddad
Neighborhood Coalition of Greater Phoenix
-- 
Neal Haddad
neal.haddad@gmail.com
602.684.3889

William E. Lally  
Attorney at Law 
602.452.2716  
 
  
wel@tblaw.com  
  
  
September 2, 2021  
  
Maricopa County   
Planning Commission and Board of Supervisors  
301 W Jefferson Street  
Phoenix, Arizona 85003  
  
Re: Proposed Digital Billboard Text Amendment - Maricopa County (the “MCTA”)  
  
Dear Commissioners and Board Members:  
  
As you know, I have represented Becker Boards regarding a Text Amendment to the 
County Zoning Code regulating billboards (the “MCTA”). Specifically, this application was 
submitted in March 2018 and has undergone seven (7) different stakeholder meetings and 
public hearings, as well as many smaller working group meetings to seek input from all 
interested parties1.  The application has undergone dozens of changes over the last three (3) 
plus years to address concerns.    
  
In that last few months, there has been a flurry of new interest in the case, much of 
which is from the core parts of Phoenix, in response to a blast email sent to thousands who 
live in the City2.  We’ve been working diligently since then to identify the new concerns and 
 
1 More than 100 changes have been made to the current TA submittal from the previous one. It would’ve been helpful if the applicant 
submitted a list of the changes so that a quick and comprehensive comparison could be made.  
 
2In the staff report, it states: 
  
" It should be noted that much of the opposition received are from within zip codes that do not contain unincorporated County 
jurisdiction, such as central Phoenix and Scottsdale, as well as other areas outside of the County (Tucson, Payson, etc.). It is  
understood the general public has voice in this process regardless of residency." 
 
Everyone who lives in the county has the right to vote in the county and therefore the ability to comment. It does affect us all because 
we drive on county roads. 
 
Additionally, people in Phoenix and other areas are today dealing with billboards that were issued via County permits in the early 
‘60s—such as at and near 44th St. and Indian School. On 9.9.21, residents are battling one such board on 42nd Pl. and Indian School. 
These decisions have generational impact because billboards lock in permanent easements.    
  
  
OPPONENTS ANNOTATED REBUTTAL 
Highlighted with footnotes 
Submitted by Neighborhood Coalition of Greater Phoenix 
B. Paul Barnes & Neal Haddad

Page | 2  
  
try to modify the application to address any new concerns.  This letter summarizes the 
concerns and issues that have been voiced lately, along with brief responses.  
  
The concerns expressed recently generally fall within the following categories:   
1) Proliferation of digital billboards;   
2) Inappropriate locations for digital billboards;   
3) Dark Skies/light emissions;   
4) Driver Safety/distraction; and   
5) Process for digital billboard conversion.  
  
Proliferation of Digital Billboards:  
  
The MCTA does not allow for the addition of new billboards anywhere in Maricopa 
County where the current code does not allow them. In fact, the MCTA is more restrictive 
than the current one in the following ways: (i) it will prohibit all billboards (digital & static) 
within 660’ of any scenic corridor3, including north of the Carefree Hwy on I-17, and (ii) the 
ordinance change would disallow the current practice of allowing two arterial street billboards 
near each other on intersecting arterial streets. Furthermore, our proposed ordinance will 
prohibit digital billboards on arterial streets4 – the only possibility of digital billboards would 
be on freeways.   
  
Although at first blush the MCTA sounds like a massive change, it really isn’t5. It’s 
important to keep in mind that this ordinance change has nothing to do with billboards within 
incorporated cities or towns which have their own rules governing digital billboards 6. 
Coincidentally, many of such cities have already upgraded their billboard ordinances to allow 
them – such as Phoenix7, Tempe, Guadalupe, Tolleson, Goodyear, Buckeye, and Chandler 
(allowed on some arterial street locations). Rather, it only applies to county islands and other 
properties in the County which have not been annexed into a city or town8. This vastly limits 
 
3 Billboard vendors boast that signs can be seen from more than 1,000 ft. away, and in some cases legible from 750 ft. away, exceeding 
the 660’ separation from scenic corridors.  
4 Prohibiting billboards on arterials is a sound position. However, the applicant must clearly recognize that billboards are a distraction if 
they are suggesting banning the digital signs from arterials.  
5 This is an outlandish position. Digital is FAR more of an intense use. They are allowing signs to be more than 2x the current sf. (from 
300 sf. to 672 sf.). 
6 Misleading statement. When a billboard is placed in unincorporated land (say, 3 miles from incorporated land), the next step is to be 
grandfathered in through incorporation. It’s a back door to getting in cities without having to comply with higher municipal standards. 
7 One of the updates Phoenix made in 2011 was to require two ‘takedown’ boards (1200 sf.) in exchange for every digital face constructed 
because digital has such a higher intensity of use. This text amendment does not ask for takedown boards at all.  
8 County islands are being targeted because the applicant knows how it works: these areas will soon be annexed, and the sign will be 
grandfathered in.

Page | 3  
  
its applicability.  It does not change the spacing in between billboards9, nor does it change the 
zoning required to have a billboard. No new billboard locations will be approved with the 
passage of the MCTA.  
  
Inappropriate Locations for Digital Billboards:  
  
As a practical matter, the MCTA will only allow digital conversions of existing 
County freeway externally illuminated static billboards in unincorporated cities or towns. 
Any future freeways would need to amend the ordinance to allow digital billboards10. We 
estimate that there are only 40-50 of such throughout the entire county11, none of which are 
north of Northern Parkway/Northern alignments, nor are they between the north/south 
alignment of the Ed Pastor Loop 202, nor the north/south alignment of I-10 (i.e., none are in 
the central Phoenix area) other than a handful of existing illuminated freeway locations on I-
10 and the Ed Pastor Loop 202.  
  
Some of the recent correspondence mentioned the desire for Phoenix to not look like 
Las Vegas. It will not. The famous Las Vegas strip is on an arterial street.  As mentioned 
above, the MCTA would not only ban arterial street digital conversions, but it would also ban 
all new billboards (digital or static) within 660’ of scenic corridors12, including the area north 
of the Carefree Highway on I-17.  Digital billboard conversions within the City of Phoenix 
are under the jurisdiction of the City of Phoenix, and are not subject to this case.   
  
Lastly, unlike Cities here in the Valley today, the MCTA will NOT allow any 
conversions of a billboard to digital that is not along a freeway.  
  
Dark Skies/Light Emissions  
  
In addition to the inapplicability of the ordinance to anything north of the Carefree 
Highway, all of the protections for the observatories and rural areas that the State put in place 
 
9 We question this. As we understand it, the current ordinance requires 1000 ft. linear separation; the proposed, 500 ft. radial separation. 
Depending on how that is measured, it seems as though an area that previously had 3 billboards could have five billboards. And we also 
wonder: if no new billboards will be allowed, then why does the spacing requirement have to be changed? 
 
10 Is there a map in the staff report indicating what roadways are eligible? 
 
11 Where does this estimate come from? Have Commissioners or Supervisors asked for an inventory of billboards currently within the 
county? Is it in the staff report? How do we know the impact of the TA without knowing how many billboards it will affect?  
 
12 See previous comments: a ban on arterial streets is good; sign companies post on their web sites that digital LEDs will travel more 
than 1000 ft.

Page | 4  
  
when it approved its digital ordinance would remain fully intact as explicitly stated in the 
proposed ordinance. Unlike the current ordinance which allows the externally illuminated 
static billboards to remain on all night, the digital billboard ordinance will require that any 
digital billboard be turned off by 11:00 pm each night and remain off until sunrise13.  In 
addition to a reduction in the amount of time the lights can stay on for existing static 
billboards, the proposed digital ordinance will reduce the amount of light spillage with the 
use of new light technology which requires louvered shields to be placed over the digital 
screen14.  
  
For the first time anywhere in Arizona, the MCTA would require that each digital billboard 
incorporate this new louver technology. The louvers dramatically reduce the amount of light 
spillage. Please look at this link to get a better idea of how great this new digital technology 
is in this regard: https://vimeo.com/414877885  
  
Driver Safety/Distraction  
  
The federal government studied this issue exhaustively and issued a formal opinion 
before adopting language to allow digital billboards on its freeways15.  The Arizona State 
legislature also debated this many years ago, ultimately passing state legislation allowing 
digital billboards.  The proposed ordinance will prohibit any live animation and each ad will 
have to hold in place for at least 8 seconds, pursuant to State Law and consistent with all other 
cities in the valley that allow billboards. As such, and as determined by the federal 
government and countless jurisdictions throughout the Country, the driver safety/distraction 
“issue” is a non-issue16.  Furthermore, every jurisdiction in the valley that allows billboards 
along Freeways allows digital billboards except Maricopa County.   
  
Process for Digital Billboard Conversion  
  
Some concerns stated that if the MCTA were to pass, there would be little to no 
community or public input with the conversion of a billboard to digital. In fact, many of the 
County’s freeway county island billboards are legal nonconforming billboards and, as such, 
 
13 This is already state law and not a result of the MCTA proposed by the applicant.  
14 According to a fact sheet produced by the Arizona Astronomy Consortium, “A digital billboard may create less sky glow directly 
above it than an upward light but will increase sky glow overall and at distances far from the billboard, since its light streams outward, 
crossing city and county boundaries.” 
15 The FHWA study that the applicant submitted for the record was not peer-reviewed and was (is) the subject of ridicule for its lack of 
scientific rigor and limited sample size.  
16 The applicant is completely wrong on this issue. There are more than 100 studies both nationally and internationally (chief among 
them the UAB study, the Israeli study, the Swedish study and the EU study) that provide peer-reviewed data to support a strong 
correlation between driver distraction and digital billboards.

Page | 5  
  
would need to go through the County’s normal Special Use Permit process which includes 
public notice and public hearings just like any normal case, allowing for all impacted property 
owners to have an opportunity to be heard17.  
  
Summary  
  
In summation, the MCTA will fix the spacing requirements in the current code to 
prevent some new billboard locations18, prevent billboards on future freeways, enhance 
prohibition along scenic corridors, maintain the current spacing standards and mandate the 
latest louvered technology when converting any current billboard to digital, thereby reducing 
the light spillage.   
It is safe to say that the MCTA as a whole is the most restrictive and regulated 
billboard ordinance in the state of Arizona, which is why your staff, after working on this 
application for over 3 years, have recommended approval19.  
  
Thank you for your attention to this matter. I am available to answer any questions at 
wel@tblaw.com or my personal cell at 480-620-9272.  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
Sincerely,   
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
William E. Lally  
 
17 When the process consists of submitting to staff for review and then forwarding to the Board of Supervisors for an up or down vote, 
that is limiting the process. This is, by nature, a quasi-judicial process and should be subject to the same standards.  
 
The applicant sounds as though it is deciding who can comment and who can’t by saying ‘impacted property owners.’ We remind the 
applicant: everyone who lives in the county and votes in the county has a right to be heard, but to be listened to.  
 
Do Supervisors want to be challenged by concerned citizens for every billboard conversion that comes before them? 
 
18 It remains unclear what ‘fix’ means: is it ‘to repair’ or is it ‘to affix’? 
 
19 It is not safe to say that it is the most restrictive in the state. The proposal does not call for 2-for-1 takedown boards for each digital 
sign face conversion as is the case in Phoenix. It does not regulate the illumination (nit value) at the 200 nit level, as the state has done 
in Bullhead City. And it does not provide for a comprehensive process for residents to voice concerns like Phoenix and other 
jurisdictions.

From:
Rachel Applegate (PND)
To:
Ray Banker (PND)
Cc:
Darren V. Gérard (PND)
Subject:
FW: Stop Text Amendment TA2018001
Date:
Tuesday, September 7, 2021 7:03:45 AM
 
From: Diane Williams <threeowild@aol.com> 
Sent: Friday, September 3, 2021 5:45 PM
To: Rachel Applegate (PND) <Rachel.Applegate@Maricopa.Gov>
Subject: Stop Text Amendment TA2018001
 
Dear Ms. Applegate,
The Maricopa County Planning and Zoning Commission must vote NO on Text Amendment
TA2018001.
This amendment to the Maricopa County Zoning Ordinance would radically alter our outdoor
advertising laws, and would allow a proliferation of digital billboards across our county. This
amendment would lead to an increase in light pollution, visual blight, and distracted driving, and
would degrade our roadways, neighborhoods, and communities. The people of Maricopa County
came out strongly against this proposal when it first appeared in 2019, and we remain firm in our
opposition to these changes. Please don't let digital billboards ruin the quality of life in our county.
Thank you for taking action on this important issue.
Sincerely,
Diane Williams
3140 W Dobbins Rd
Laveen, AZ 85339

From:
Rachel Applegate (PND)
To:
Ray Banker (PND)
Cc:
Darren V. Gérard (PND)
Subject:
FW: Stop Text Amendment TA2018001
Date:
Tuesday, September 7, 2021 6:36:52 AM
 
From: Vicky Derksen <vickyann95@gmail.com> 
Sent: Friday, September 3, 2021 7:18 AM
To: Rachel Applegate (PND) <Rachel.Applegate@Maricopa.Gov>
Subject: Stop Text Amendment TA2018001
 
Dear Ms. Applegate,
The Maricopa County Planning and Zoning Commission must vote NO on Text Amendment
TA2018001.
This amendment to the Maricopa County Zoning Ordinance would radically alter our outdoor
advertising laws, and would allow a proliferation of digital billboards across our county. This
amendment would lead to an increase in light pollution, visual blight, and distracted driving, and
would degrade our roadways, neighborhoods, and communities. The people of Maricopa County
came out strongly against this proposal when it first appeared in 2019, and we remain firm in our
opposition to these changes. Please don't let digital billboards ruin the quality of life in our county.
Thank you for taking action on this important issue.
Sincerely,
Vicky Derksen
16567 E Fayette Drive
Fountain Hills, AZ 85268

From:
Rachel Applegate (PND)
To:
Ray Banker (PND)
Cc:
Darren V. Gérard (PND)
Subject:
FW: Stop Text Amendment TA2018001
Date:
Tuesday, September 7, 2021 6:36:13 AM
 
From: Diana Double <anglsolace@aol.co> 
Sent: Friday, September 3, 2021 3:13 AM
To: Rachel Applegate (PND) <Rachel.Applegate@Maricopa.Gov>
Subject: Stop Text Amendment TA2018001
 
Dear Ms. Applegate,
The Maricopa County Planning and Zoning Commission must vote NO on Text Amendment
TA2018001.
This amendment to the Maricopa County Zoning Ordinance would radically alter our outdoor
advertising laws, and would allow a proliferation of digital billboards across our county. This
amendment would lead to an increase in light pollution, visual blight, and distracted driving, and
would degrade our roadways, neighborhoods, and communities. The people of Maricopa County
came out strongly against this proposal when it first appeared in 2019, and we remain firm in our
opposition to these changes. Please don't let digital billboards ruin the quality of life in our county.
Thank you for taking action on this important issue.
Sincerely,
Diana Double
32615 N. North Valley Parkway #111
Phoenix, AZ 85086

William E. Lally 
Attorney at Law 
602.452.2716 
wel@tblaw.com 
September 2, 2021 
 
Maricopa County  
Planning Commission and Board of Supervisors 
301 W Jefferson Street 
Phoenix, Arizona 85003 
 
Re: Proposed Digital Billboard Text Amendment - Maricopa County (the “MCTA”) 
 
Dear Commissioners and Board Members: 
 
As you know, I have represented Becker Boards regarding a Text Amendment to the 
County Zoning Code regulating billboards (the “MCTA”). Specifically, this application was 
submitted in March 2018 and has undergone seven (7) different stakeholder meetings and 
public hearings, as well as many smaller working group meetings to seek input from all 
interested parties.  The application has undergone dozens of changes over the last three (3) 
plus years to address concerns.   
 
In that last few months, there has been a flurry of new interest in the case, much of 
which is from the core parts of Phoenix, in response to a blast email sent to thousands who 
live in the City.  We’ve been working diligently since then to identify the new concerns and 
try to modify the application to address any new concerns.  This letter summarizes the 
concerns and issues that have been voiced lately, along with brief responses. 
 
The concerns expressed recently generally fall within the following categories:  
1) Proliferation of digital billboards;  
2) Inappropriate locations for digital billboards;  
3) Dark Skies/light emissions;  
4) Driver Safety/distraction; and  
5) Process for digital billboard conversion. 
 
Proliferation of Digital Billboards: 
 
The MCTA does not allow for the addition of new billboards anywhere in Maricopa 
County where the current code does not allow them. In fact, the MCTA is more restrictive 
than the current one in the following ways: (i) it will prohibit all billboards (digital & static) 
within 660’ of any scenic corridor, including north of the Carefree Hwy on I-17, and (ii) the 
ordinance change would disallow the current practice of allowing two arterial street 
billboards near each other on intersecting arterial streets. Furthermore, our proposed 
ordinance will prohibit digital billboards on arterial streets – the only possibility of digital 
billboards would be on freeways.

Page | 2 
 
Although at first blush the MCTA sounds like a massive change, it really isn’t. It’s 
important to keep in mind that this ordinance change has nothing to do with billboards 
within incorporated cities or towns which have their own rules governing digital billboards. 
Coincidentally, many of such cities have already upgraded their billboard ordinances to 
allow them – such as Phoenix, Tempe, Guadalupe, Tolleson, Goodyear, Buckeye, and 
Chandler (allowed on some arterial street locations). Rather, it only applies to county 
islands and other properties in the County which have not been annexed into a city or town. 
This vastly limits its applicability.  It does not change the spacing in between billboards, 
nor does it change the zoning required to have a billboard. No new billboard locations will 
be approved with the passage of the MCTA. 
 
Inappropriate Locations for Digital Billboards: 
 
As a practical matter, the MCTA will only allow digital conversions of existing 
County freeway externally illuminated static billboards in unincorporated cities or towns. 
Any future freeways would need to amend the ordinance to allow digital billboards. We 
estimate that there are only 40-50 of such throughout the entire county, none of which are 
north of Northern Parkway/Northern alignments, nor are they between the north/south 
alignment of the Ed Pastor Loop 202, nor the north/south alignment of I-10 (i.e., none are in 
the central Phoenix area) other than a handful of existing illuminated freeway locations on 
I-10 and the Ed Pastor Loop 202. 
 
Some of the recent correspondence mentioned the desire for Phoenix to not look 
like Las Vegas. It will not. The famous Las Vegas strip is on an arterial street.  As 
mentioned above, the MCTA would not only ban arterial street digital conversions, but it 
would also ban all new billboards (digital or static) within 660’ of scenic corridors, 
including the area north of the Carefree Highway on I-17.  Digital billboard conversions 
within the City of Phoenix are under the jurisdiction of the City of Phoenix, and are not 
subject to this case.  
 
Lastly, unlike Cities here in the Valley today, the MCTA will NOT allow any 
conversions of a billboard to digital that is not along a freeway. 
 
Dark Skies/Light Emissions 
 
In addition to the inapplicability of the ordinance to anything north of the Carefree 
Highway, all of the protections for the observatories and rural areas that the State put in 
place when it approved its digital ordinance would remain fully intact as explicitly stated in 
the proposed ordinance. Unlike the current ordinance which allows the externally 
illuminated static billboards to remain on all night, the digital billboard ordinance will

Page | 3 
require that any digital billboard be turned off by 11:00 pm each night and remain off until 
sunrise.  In addition to a reduction in the amount of time the lights can stay on for existing 
static billboards, the proposed digital ordinance will reduce the amount of light spillage 
with the use of new light technology which requires louvered shields to be placed over the 
digital screen. 
 
For the first time anywhere in Arizona, the MCTA would require that each digital billboard 
incorporate this new louver technology. The louvers dramatically reduce the amount of 
light spillage. Please look at this link to get a better idea of how great this new digital 
technology is in this regard: https://vimeo.com/414877885 
 
Driver Safety/Distraction 
 
The federal government studied this issue exhaustively and issued a formal opinion 
before adopting language to allow digital billboards on its freeways.  The Arizona State 
legislature also debated this many years ago, ultimately passing state legislation allowing 
digital billboards.  The proposed ordinance will prohibit any live animation and each ad 
will have to hold in place for at least 8 seconds, pursuant to State Law and consistent with 
all other cities in the valley that allow billboards. As such, and as determined by the federal 
government and countless jurisdictions throughout the Country, the driver safety/distraction 
“issue” is a non-issue.  Furthermore, every jurisdiction in the valley that allows billboards 
along Freeways allows digital billboards except Maricopa County.  
 
Process for Digital Billboard Conversion 
 
Some concerns stated that if the MCTA were to pass, there would be little to no 
community or public input with the conversion of a billboard to digital. In fact, many of the 
County’s freeway county island billboards are legal nonconforming billboards and, as such, 
would need to go through the County’s normal Special Use Permit process which includes 
public notice and public hearings just like any normal case, allowing for all impacted 
property owners to have an opportunity to be heard. 
 
Summary 
 
In summation, the MCTA will fix the spacing requirements in the current code to 
prevent some new billboard locations, prevent billboards on future freeways, enhance 
prohibition along scenic corridors, maintain the current spacing standards and mandate the 
latest louvered technology when converting any current billboard to digital, thereby 
reducing the light spillage.

Page | 4 
It is safe to say that the MCTA as a whole is the most restrictive and regulated 
billboard ordinance in the state of Arizona, which is why your staff, after working on this 
application for over 3 years, have recommended approval. 
 
Thank you for your attention to this matter. I am available to answer any questions 
at wel@tblaw.com or my personal cell at 480-620-9272. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sincerely,  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
William E. Lally

From:
Hollie Costello
To:
County Managers Office; Ray Banker (PND)
Subject:
Becker Boards donates to Make-A-Wish Arizona
Date:
Wednesday, September 1, 2021 1:33:46 PM
Attachments:
Becker Boards.pdf
Make-A-Wish Arizona wishes to express its thanks and make you aware of the great work
being done by a locally-owned and operated signage company, Becker Boards.
 
As the founding chapter of the international organization, we value support from local
community vendors like Becker Boards. This past fiscal year, we were able to grant 343
wishes – even with pandemic restrictions. We would not have been able to continue to do
that without community support.
 
With more than 20 children being diagnosed daily with a critical condition that would qualify
for a wish, our mission of creating life-changing wishes for children with critical illnesses
never stops. It is our goal for Fiscal Year 2021-22 to grant 400 wishes and we can only do
that with the help of our donors and supporters.
 
The Becker Boards 2021 Charity Initiative is a welcome initiative, offering our chapter the
opportunity to showcase the hope a wish can give a child dealing with a critical illness while
also encouraging new support. Free digital billboard space throughout the Valley will go a
long way towards reminding the public of what we do and why.
 
We are so grateful to have the support of Becker Boards and hope it will enable us to grow
our supporter and donor base as we work toward our vision of granting every eligible wish
in Arizona.
 
Sincerely,
 
 
Elizabeth R. Reich
President & Chief Executive Officer
Make-A-Wish Arizona
 
Letter attached
 
Arizona.wish.org  Facebook  Twitter  Instagram  YouTube

2901 N. 78th St. 
Scottsdale, AZ 85251 
602-395-WISH (9474) 
Arizona.wish.org 
 
 
September 1, 2021 
 
Attn:  
Chairman Jack Sellers  
Vice Chairman Bill Gates 
Supervisor Steve Chucri  
Supervisor Clint Hickman 
Supervisor Steve Gallardo 
 
Dear Maricopa County Board of Supervisors; 
 
Make-A-Wish Arizona wishes to express its thanks and make you aware of the great work being 
done by a locally-owned and operated signage company, Becker Boards. 
 
As the founding chapter of the international organization, we value support from local 
community vendors like Becker Boards. This past fiscal year, we were able to grant 343 wishes – 
even with pandemic restrictions. We would not have been able to continue to do that without 
community support.  
 
With more than 20 children being diagnosed daily with a critical condition that would qualify for 
a wish, our mission of creating life-changing wishes for children with critical illnesses never stops. 
It is our goal for Fiscal Year 2021-22 to grant 400 wishes and we can only do that with the help 
of our donors and supporters.  
 
The Becker Boards 2021 Charity Initiative is a welcome initiative, offering our chapter the 
opportunity to showcase the hope a wish can give a child dealing with a critical illness while also 
encouraging new support. Free digital billboard space throughout the Valley will go a long way 
towards reminding the public of what we do and why. 
 
We are so grateful to have the support of Becker Boards and hope it will enable us to grow our 
supporter and donor base as we work toward our vision of granting every eligible wish in 
Arizona. 
 
Sincerely, 
 
 
 
 
Elizabeth R. Reich 
President & Chief Executive Officer 
 
Please consider including Make-A-Wish Arizona in your will or estate plan. Try our free online software at freewill.com/makeawishaz. 
 
For federal income tax purposes, this letter will serve to confirm no goods or services were provided  
to you for this donation. Make-A-Wish Arizona is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization (Tax ID# 86-0409636).

From:
Rachel Applegate (PND)
To:
Ray Banker (PND); Darren V. Gérard (PND)
Subject:
FW: Stop Text Amendment TA2018001
Date:
Wednesday, September 1, 2021 10:47:39 AM
 
From: Tony Padgett <shrug1964@gmail.com> 
Sent: Wednesday, September 1, 2021 9:38 AM
To: Rachel Applegate (PND) <Rachel.Applegate@Maricopa.Gov>
Subject: Stop Text Amendment TA2018001
 
Dear Ms. Applegate,
The Maricopa County Planning and Zoning Commission must vote NO on Text Amendment
TA2018001.
This amendment to the Maricopa County Zoning Ordinance would radically alter our outdoor
advertising laws, and would allow a proliferation of digital billboards across our county. This
amendment would lead to an increase in light pollution, visual blight, and distracted driving, and
would degrade our roadways, neighborhoods, and communities. The people of Maricopa County
came out strongly against this proposal when it first appeared in 2019, and we remain firm in our
opposition to these changes. Please don't let digital billboards ruin the quality of life in our county.
Thank you for taking action on this important issue.
Sincerely,
Tony Padgett
5309 S 52nd Dr
Laveen, AZ 85339

From:
Rachel Applegate (PND)
To:
Ray Banker (PND); Darren V. Gérard (PND)
Subject:
FW: Stop Text Amendment TA2018001
Date:
Wednesday, September 1, 2021 6:37:19 AM
 
From: Robert Chappell <robcii01@gmail.com> 
Sent: Tuesday, August 31, 2021 4:51 PM
To: Rachel Applegate (PND) <Rachel.Applegate@Maricopa.Gov>
Subject: Stop Text Amendment TA2018001
 
Dear Ms. Applegate,
The Maricopa County Planning and Zoning Commission must vote NO on Text Amendment
TA2018001.
This amendment to the Maricopa County Zoning Ordinance would radically alter our outdoor
advertising laws, and would allow a proliferation of digital billboards across our county. This
amendment would lead to an increase in light pollution, visual blight, and distracted driving, and
would degrade our roadways, neighborhoods, and communities. The people of Maricopa County
came out strongly against this proposal when it first appeared in 2019, and we remain firm in our
opposition to these changes. Please don't let digital billboards ruin the quality of life in our county.
Thank you for taking action on this important issue.
Sincerely,
Robert Chappell
5118 W Sweet Pea Terrace
Laveen, AZ 85339

TA2018001 
Page 1 of 15 
Report to the Planning and Zoning Commission 
Prepared by the Maricopa County Planning and Development Department 
 
 
 
Case: 
TA2018001 – Off-Site Advertising Signs (Billboards) 
 
Meeting Date: 
September 9, 2021 
 
Supervisor District: 
All 
 
 
 
  
 
Applicant: 
Becker Boards Small, LLC / Joseph White 
 
Requests: 
Text Amendment to amend Chapter 2, Definitions, Section 1112.7.1, 
Section 1301.1.21, and Chapter 14, Articles 1403 and 1404 of the 
Maricopa County Zoning Ordinance (MCZO) relating to Off-Site 
Advertising Signs (Billboards).  
 
  
 
Municipal Comments: 
Opposition received from City of Phoenix, City of Glendale, City of 
Surprise, the Town of Gilbert, and the Town of Cave Creek 
 
Support/Opposition: 
Approximately 470 documents (including some duplicate/multiple 
comments from individuals) of opposition/suggested changes to the 
proposed text, includes both citizen and industry comments, to date. 
There were 155 of these documents at the time of the last P&Z 
hearing on July 25, 2019. There are also 19 documents of support 
received, all since the last meeting 
 
Recommendation: 
Approval 
 
Proposed Text Amendment: 
 
1. 
This request is applicant driven and is being processed through the County’s Enhanced 
Regulatory Outreach Program (EROP). Language proposed by the Applicant has been 
changed since previous public meetings.  This report will focus on the current proposal and 
avoid discussing previous versions. Changes to the text based on the most recent submittal 
by the applicant are provided below and on the following pages with existing MCZO text 
struck-through:  
 
Section 201 – DEFINITIONS 
 
FREEWAY (REGARDING OFF-SITE ADVERTISING (BILLBOARDS)): 
 
For the purpose of the location of Off-Site Advertising Signs (Billboards) only, Interstate 17 (I-17) 
south of Carefree Highway, I-10, Arizona State Route (SR) Loop 101, SR Loop 202, SR Loop 303, 
SR 24, Northern Parkway, and U.S. Highway 60 (U.S. 60 – Superstition Freeway), and their 
connections, and on and off ramps.  Billboards are a prohibited use on future freeways within 
the County.

TA2018001 
Page 2 of 15 
 
SCENIC CORRIDOR: 
 
For the purpose of the location of Off-Site Advertising Signs (Billboards), scenic corridor shall refer 
to the Scenic Corridor Overlay Zoning Districts (as set forth in Chapter 10) and scenic corridor 
district policy guidelines (Carefree Highway, Castle Hot Springs, McMickem Dam, Olive Avenue, 
El Rio, I-17 North of Carefree Highway).  
 
SIGN (BILLBOARD), EMBELLISHMENT: 
 
Letters, figures, characters, or representations in cutouts, irregular forms, or similar ornamentation 
attached to or superimposed upon a billboard to provide a three-dimensional effect. 
 
SIGN, OFF-SITE ADVERTISING (BILLBOARDS):  
 
A freestanding sign portraying information which directs attention to an idea, issue, point of 
view, candidate, entity, business, commodity, service, entertainment, product or attraction sold, 
offered, or existing elsewhere than upon the property where the sign is located. Billboards as 
used in this this Ordinance without a modifying word shall mean both static and digital. 
 
SIGN, OFF-SITE ADVERTISING (BILLBOARDS) – DIGITAL: 
 
A billboard, utilizes digital message technology capable of changing the message or copy on 
the sign electronically, such that, the alphabetic, pictographic, or symbolic informational 
content can be changed or altered electronically on a fixed display surface composed of 
electronically illuminated or electronically actuated or motivated elements. This includes 
billboards with displays that have been preprogrammed to display only certain types of 
information (i.e., time, date, temperature) and billboards whose informational content can be 
changed or altered by means of computer-driven electronic impulses.  
 
SIGN, OFF-SITE ADVERTISING (BILLBOARDS) – Static: 
 
A billboard with a fixed message that changes no more than once in a 24-hour period.  
 
SECTION 1112.7.1 
  
1112.7.1. Bottom-Mounted Outdoor Advertising Lighting: Outdoor advertising sign boards 
which exceed 301 square feet per sign face and are illuminated by an approved bottom-
mounted outdoor advertising fixture shall be equipped with an automatic device which shuts 
off the fixture between midnight and sunrise.  Any billboard with lawfully existing bottom-
mounted lighting as of [DATE]shall be brought into conformance with Article 1112.3.2 of this 
Ordinance by no later than [SIX YEARS AFTER TA2018001 APPROVAL]. 
 
SECTION 1301.1.21 
 
1301.1.21. Signs for off-site advertising or for directing attention to a business, profession, 
commodity, service or entertainment conducted, sold, or offered elsewhere than upon the 
same premises (bBillboards) provided that either:

TA2018001 
Page 3 of 15 
1. 
The sign is a lawfully existing structure made legal-nonconforming as of [DATE] with regard 
to the requirements of Chapter 14 of this Ordinance. 
1.  
The sign is located in a C-2, C-3, IND-2 or IND-3 zoning district. 
2.  
The sign may be modified or converted to digital display with special use approval. 
3.  
If illuminated the sign shall be digital or lighting shall be mounted at the top of the 
sign face so that it is directed downward and shielded so that it is only illuminating 
the sign face. 
4. 
The special use may be approved without an expiration date or validity period. 
 
1.2.  
The sign is relocated from a parcel of property, located within the perimeter boundary of 
Maricopa County or within the corporate boundary of a city or town located partially 
within Maricopa County and partially within an adjacent county, that is acquired by a 
public entity for public use by condemnation, purchase or dedication. 
2.1.  
The sign must be removed due to that governmental action.  
3.2.  
The public entity has not paid just compensation for the sign.  
4.3.  
The standards of the C-2 Zoning District shall apply, except that the sign shall be 
permitted to remain the same size and height as the original sign.  
5.4.  
The standards of the C-2 Zoning District shall apply, except as noted above. No 
further variance to the C-2 standards may be granted by either the Board of 
Supervisors or the Board of Adjustment.  
6.5. 
Billboards may not locate in residential zoning districts; however, they may locate 
in rural zoning districts. 
 
ARTICLE 1403.3.  OFF-SITE ADVERTISING SIGNS (BILLBOARDS) [C-2 AND C-3 ZONING DISTRICTS 
ONLY]: 
 
1403.3.1 
Billboards shall be permitted uses in the C-2 and C-3 zoning districts subject to the 
following conditions: 
 
A. Separation Distance: 
 
1. 
Distance from other billboards: 
 
a. 
When either an existing or proposed billboard is located three 
(3) miles or greater from the boundary of any incorporated 
city or town, shall maintain a radial separation distance from 
any other billboard of 3,000 feet. Measurement shall be from 
the vertical edge of the sign face closest to the sign face of 
the structure to which is being measured. Measurement shall 
not cross any freeway, except within scenic corridors. 
  
b. 
When either an existing or proposed billboard is located fewer 
than three (3) miles from the boundary of any incorporated 
city or town, shall maintain a radial separation distance from 
any other billboard of 1,000 feet. Measurement shall be from 
the vertical edge of the sign face closest to the sign face of 
the structure to which is being measured. Measurement shall 
not cross any freeway, except within scenic corridors.

TA2018001 
Page 4 of 15 
B. Setback Requirements: There shall be a 0’ setback from any property line, 
except as follows: 
 
1. 
No billboard shall be erected within 100 feet of any residential zoning 
district boundary or a residential use in a rural zoning district, whether 
or not separated by a public right-of-way. 
 
2. 
No illuminated billboard shall be erected within 150 feet of a 
residential zoning district boundary or a residential use in a rural 
zoning district (refer to Chapter 11, Section 1112).  
 
3. 
No billboard shall be erected within 500 feet of any park, school or 
roadside rest area. 
 
C. 
Billboards shall not be audible in any manner. 
 
D. 
No billboard shall be erected in or within six-hundred sixty (660) feet of a 
Scenic Corridor Overlay Zoning District. 
 
E. 
No billboard shall be erected on any property located within any Maricopa 
County Scenic Corridor. 
 
F. 
Development Standards:  
 
1. 
Billboards located greater than 300’ from of an existing freeway  
 
a. 
Shall be limited to thirty (30) feet in height inclusive of all 
embellishments, lighting, and attachments.  
 
b. 
Shall be limited to three-hundred (300) square feet in sign 
face area. The maximum square footage may be exceeded 
by up to ten percent (10%) by use of embellishments. 
 
2. 
Billboards located within 300’ of an existing freeway: 
 
a. 
Shall be limited to forty-eight (48) feet above adjacent 
grade or elevation of the main travel lanes of a freeway or 
subject property (whichever is greater but not to exceed 
70’), inclusive of all embellishments and attachments, 
excluding additional 3’ for top-mounted lighting fixtures. 
 
b. 
Shall be limited to six hundred seventy-two (672) square feet 
in sign face area. The maximum square footage of sign area 
may be exceeded by up to twenty percent (20%) by use of 
embellishments.  
 
G. 
A billboard may be double-faced or “V” shaped, provided the “V” shape 
is designed so that there is no greater than fifty-four (54) inches between 
faces at the apex and the angle between the faces of the sign is no greater 
than forty-five (45) degrees.

TA2018001 
Page 5 of 15 
 
 
Signs 
Sign Face 
(Square Feet) 
Embellishments 
Not within 300’ of 
a freeway 
300 
10% 
Within 300’ of a 
freeway 
672 
20% 
 
 
 
 
 
 
H. 
Any modifications to a billboard within the Military Airport and Ancillary 
Military Facility Overlay Zoning District shall require a new Use Compatibility 
and Consistency Determination (UCCD) pursuant to Section 1010 of this 
Ordinance. 
 
I. 
All lighting shall adhere to Article 1112.3.2 of the Maricopa County Zoning 
Ordinance. 
 
J.      General provisions applicable to digital billboards: 
 
1. 
Digital billboards shall be permitted if: 
 
i. Located fewer than three (3) miles from the boundary of any   
incorporated city or town. 
 
ii. Along a freeway as classified by Maricopa County as of (DATE of 
Ordinance). 
 
2.  
Digital billboards shall include optical down angled LED’s, and 
horizontal louvers (as well as vertical louvers if within 500 feet of a 
Billboards within 300’ of a Freeway
Sign Face 
 672 sq. ft. 
48 ft. 
 Billboards not within 300’ of a freeway 
Sign Face  
300 sq. ft. 
30 ft.

TA2018001 
Page 6 of 15 
residential zoning district boundary or a residential use in a rural 
zoning district) extending past the diode at a minimum of .480” to 
minimize light trespass.   
 
3. 
Network time shall be made available on all digital sign faces to 
federal, state, and local public safety agencies for emergency 
messaging. Such messages shall override all copy for one hour and 
shall then be displayed for no fewer than eight seconds in every 
minute as long as needed. 
 
4. 
Such billboard adheres to the provisions of Article 1401.3 of this 
Chapter, except that from 11:00 p.m. until sunrise all billboards 
illumination shall be extinguished, and all billboards shall be 
equipped with an automatic devise to assure compliance. These 
illumination requirements shall not be applicable to the display of 
any Amber Alert or other governmental emergencies, or for other 
emergent situations as determined by the Zoning Administrator. 
Further, in the event of an electronic malfunction the sign shall be 
shut off until repairs have been made to restore the electronic 
messaging system. 
 
5. 
Minimal display time shall not change-message more than once 
every eight (8) seconds. There shall be no animation, flashing, 
blinking or moving lights. In the transition between copy changes, 
there shall be no sense of movement from one image to the next. 
 
6. 
Dimmers on all digital billboards shall be set in the evening hours 
(from sunset to 11:00 p.m.) not to exceed 300 nits.  
 
7. 
The digital billboard shall have an automatic turn-off mechanism in 
case of malfunction. 
 
8. 
All lawfully existing static billboards on [EFFECTIVE DATE] that 
become non-conforming due to Ordinance amendment on said 
date may not be modified or converted to digital unless brought into 
conformance with all requirements of this Ordinance; with the 
exception that support columns may be relocated a maximum of 
twenty feet (20’) from the existing location. 
 
9. 
A legal non-conforming sign that does not meet all requirements of 
this Article may be converted to digital with approval of a Special 
Use Permit in accordance with Article 1301.1.21 of this Ordinance. 
 
10. 
Nothing contained in this Ordinance shall affect the rights of any 
property granted a deviation by legislative or quasi-judicial action of 
Maricopa County. 
 
Article 1404.3 
OFF-SITE ADVERTISING SIGNS (BILLBOARDS) [IND-2 AND IND-3 ZONING 
DISTRICTS ONLY]

TA2018001 
Page 7 of 15 
1404.3.1 
Off-site advertising signs (billboards) shall be a permitted use in the IND-2 and 
IND-3 zoning districts subject to all requirements set forth in Article 1403.3.1 of 
this Ordinance. 
 
ARTICLE 1403.3. 
OFF-SITE SIGNS, BILLBOARDS [C-2 AND C-3 ZONING DISTRICTS ONLY]: 
 
1403.3.1 
Off-site signs shall be permitted uses in the C-2 and C-3 zoning districts 
provided each such sign shall: 
 
1. 
Maintain a distance separation from any other off-site sign of 3,000 feet 
of any offsite sign on the same street when either existing or proposed 
sign is located three (3) miles or greater from the boundary of any 
incorporated city or town. 
 
2. 
Maintain a distance separation from any other off-site sign of 1,000 feet 
of any offsite sign on the same street when either existing or proposed 
signs is located fewer than three (3) miles from the boundary of any 
incorporated city or town.  
 
3 
Such sign may be illuminated but no flashing, intermittent or moving 
illumination shall be employed.  Any lighting used shall be in 
accordance with the adopted outdoor light control provisions (see 
Chapter 11, Section 1112. herein).  Any off premise sign within 150 feet 
of a rural or residential zone boundary shall be non-illuminated. 
 
4. 
Such sign shall not be located within 100 feet of any rural or residential 
zoning district boundary, whether or not separated by a public right-
of-way. 
 
5. 
Such sign shall not be located within 500 feet of any park, school or 
roadside rest area. 
 
6. 
Such sign shall not be audible in any manner. 
 
7. 
Special Conditions: 
 
a.  
On State Route 74 between U. S. 60-89 and Lake Pleasant Road, 
no off-site signs shall be permitted within six-hundred sixty (660) 
feet of said highway right-of-way.  
 
b. 
On U. S. Highway 60-89 from Estrella Freeway to Wickenburg, no 
off-site signs shall be permitted within six-hundred sixty (660) feet 
of said highway right-of-way.  
 
1403.3.2. 
Off-site signs in C-2 and C-3 zoning district are subject to the following 
development standards:

TA2018001 
Page 8 of 15 
 
1. 
Such sign shall not exceed three-hundred 
(300) square feet in area.  A sign may utilize 
embellishments up to of ten percent (10%) of 
the sign area.  
 
2. 
Such sign shall not exceed thirty (30) feet in 
height. 
 
3. 
Such sign may be double-faced or “V” shaped, provided the “V” 
shape is designed so that it is no greater than fifty-four (54) inches 
between faces at the apex and the angle between the faces of the 
sign is no greater than forty-five (45) degrees.  
 
 
 
 
 
4. 
Shall be freestanding. 
 
5. 
Shall maintain the same property line setbacks required by the 
underlying zoning district.   
 
ARTICLE 1404.3. 
OFF-SITE SIGNS, BILLBOARDS [IND-2 AND IND-3 ZONING DISTRICTS ONLY]: 
 
1404.3.1. 
Off-site signs shall be permitted uses in the IND-2 and IND-3 zoning districts and 
provided each such sign shall: 
 
1. 
Maintain a distance separation from any other off-site sign of 3,000 feet 
of any offsite sign on the same street when either existing or proposed 
sign is located three (3) miles or greater from the boundary of any 
incorporated city or town. 
 
2. 
Maintain a distance separation from any other off-site sign of 1,000 feet 
of any offsite sign on the same street when either existing or proposed 
signs is located fewer than three (3) miles from the boundary of any 
incorporated city or town.  
 
3. 
Such sign may be illuminated but no flashing, intermittent or moving 
illumination shall be employed.  Any lighting used shall be in 
accordance with the adopted outdoor light control provisions (see 
Chapter 11, Section 1112. herein).).  Any off premise sign within 150 feet 
of a rural or residential zone boundary shall be non-illuminated. 
 
4. 
Such sign shall not be located within 100 feet of any rural or residential 
zoning district boundary, whether or not separated by a public right-
of-way. 
 
5. 
Such sign shall not be located within 500 feet of any park, school or 
roadside rest area.

TA2018001 
Page 9 of 15 
 
6. 
Such sign shall not be audible in any manner. 
 
7. 
Special Conditions: 
 
a.  
On State Route 74 between U. S. 60-89 and Lake Pleasant Road, 
no off-site signs shall be permitted within six-hundred sixty (660) 
feet of said highway right-of-way.  
 
b. 
On U. S. Highway 60-89 from Estrella Freeway to Wickenburg, no 
off-site signs shall be permitted within six-hundred sixty (660) feet 
of said highway right-of-way.  
 
1404.3.2. 
Off-site signs in IND-2 and IND-3 zoning district are subject to the following 
development standards: 
 
 
1. 
Such sign shall not exceed three-hundred 
(300) square feet in area.  A sign may utilize 
embellishments up to of ten percent (10%) 
of the sign area.  
 
2. 
Such sign shall not exceed thirty (30) feet in 
height. 
 
3. 
Such sign may be double-faced or “V” shaped, provided the “V” 
shape is designed so that it is no greater than fifty-four (54)  
inches between faces at the apex and the angle between the faces  
of the sign is no greater than forty-five (45) degrees.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. 
Such sign shall be freestanding. 
 
5. 
Shall maintain the same property line setbacks as required by the 
underlying zoning district. 
 
Public Participation: 
 
2. 
TA2018001 was first submitted on March 27, 2018 and has been through several language 
changes, stakeholder workshops, and ZIPPOR meetings to discuss these proposed 
changes from years 2018-2019. The text amendment was then continued indefinitely at 
the July 25, 2019 Commission hearing to allow for the applicant to work with industry 
stakeholders and the public as there was 155 documents of opposition received at the 
time including documentation from City of Phoenix, City of Glendale, City of Surprise, 
and the Town of Gilbert. The Town of Cave Creek Council members sent subsequent 
opposition as well.

TA2018001 
Page 10 of 15 
 
3. 
Subsequent stakeholder meetings were held on March 24, 2021 and May 21, 2021 to 
discuss the proposed changes to the language. A subsequent ZIPPOR meeting was held 
on June 17, 2021. There were 11 individuals that spoke with concerns/opposition to the 
requested text changes at this ZIPPOR meeting. Staff has received an additional  
documents of opposition (some duplicate material and multiple documents from 
individuals) bringing the total opposition and comment documents to approximately 470. 
It should be noted that much of the opposition received are from within zip codes that 
do not contain unincorporated County jurisdiction, such as central Phoenix and 
Scottsdale, as well as other areas outside of the County (Tucson, Payson, etc.).  It is 
understood the general public has voice in this process regardless of residency. Staff has 
also received 19 support documents. 
 
4. 
Staff has received letters of opposition (all prior to the latest resubmittal) from the City of 
Phoenix, City of Glendale, City of Surprise, and the Town of Gilbert (attached). Phoenix 
has concerns of a billboard with a maximum height of 80’ and suggested a change to 
70’. The City of Phoenix allows a maximum height of 70’. The City of Glendale has 
concerns there is no public hearing process. The City of Surprise requested additional 
setbacks from rural and residential zoning districts; maintaining a 3,000’ separation 
regardless if site is within 3 miles of an incorporated city or town; and concerns with pole 
covers advertising nearest cities or towns. The Town of Gilbert addresses multiple 
objections due to billboards being prohibited within the Town of Gilbert and concerns 
with various county island within Gilbert’s Planning Area. Lastly, council members from 
the Town of Cave Creek included their opposition documents as well after the latest 
ZIPPOR meeting. 
 
5. 
General comments/concerns from the industry and other stakeholders over the course 
of this text amendment include the following: 
 
 
Linear versus radius separation. 
 
Legal non-conforming status with regards to an approved Commercial Unit Plan of 
Development (CUPD), Industrial Unit Plan of Development (IUPD), and Variances that 
altered development standards for a billboard. 
 
Allowance for maintenance and repairs. 
 
Digital billboard allowance and the public process to allow these types of offsite signs. 
 
Increase in size/height of signage based on distance from highway and decrease in 
property line setbacks as well as allowing digital billboards a certain distance from 
residential and roads.  
 
Safety concerns with digital billboards regarding traffic and nearby residential 
zoning/development. 
 
Dark sky preservation issues with digital and illuminated billboards causing light 
pollution – affecting astrological research facilities and purposes, wildlife, residential 
properties etc. 
 
Removal of a public benefit for removing billboards as a condition of approval for 
digital. 
 
Scenic Corridors (especially Carefree Hwy) concerns. 
 
In addition, industry stakeholders have concerns with applicant driven text 
amendments as opposed to staff driven text amendments.

TA2018001 
Page 11 of 15 
6. 
The latest version of proposed text language was distributed via EROP on August 20, 2021 
with notification for this hearing.  
 
Staff Analysis: 
 
7. 
Major components of the proposed text amendment include: 
 
 
Measuring the required minimum separation between billboards as a radius around 
an existing billboard rather than a linear separation between billboard along the 
same street. The current linear separation requires determination of a street 
orientation. The proposed radial separation removes the need for determination of 
street orientation and thus mitigates the potential ambiguity and interpretational drift 
regarding determination of street orientation. 
 
Permitting billboards within urban areas (defined as within three miles of a city limit) 
and along existing freeways to be larger and taller, 672 sf and 70’ respectively.  
Billboards not proximate to a freeway would remain limited to a 300 sf face area and 
30’ height. 
 
Permitting digital billboards only along and along existing freeways within urban 
areas. 
 
Permit billboards at a 0’ setback.  A minimum separation would still be required from 
residential zoning districts, residential uses in Rural zoning districts, parks, schools, or 
roadside rest areas.  
 
Defining “Scenic Corridor” including both those that are regulatory Overlay Zoning 
Districts and those that are Area Plan Policy Guidelines (that are currently non-
regulatory, i.e. Carefree Hwy), and prohibiting digital billboards within scenic corridors. 
 
Require existing bottom-mounted billboard lighting to transition to top-down 
illumination and fully shielded for any existing altered billboards. All new billboard 
lighting shall be top-down, full shielded. 
 
Sets a maximum NIT level for digital billboards at 300 nits. Requires digital billboards to 
include horizontal louvres to prevent illumination upward and vertical louvres to 
prevent illumination toward proximate residential. 
 
A number of billboards will become Legal Non-Conforming (LNC or “grandfathered”) 
with adoption of the new standards, particularly the change from a linear to radial 
separation.  LNC billboards will not be permitted to be changed, structurally altered, 
or modified to digital unless it is brought into conformance with the new ordinance 
standards.  However, there will be option for an LNC billboard to be modified to digital 
with legislative approval of a Special Use Permit which will require public notice for 
public hearings before the Commission and Board. 
 
8. 
The Applicant has addressed every issue and concern raised by staff to date.  Staff is 
supportive of TA2018001.   
 
9. 
Staff has reviewed all opposition received as of the writing of this report and notes the 
majority of opposition expressed into the following large umbrella categories by rank: 
 
 
Lighting / nighttime skies; 
 
Views; 
 
Driving safety; 
 
General opposition to billboards or reason for opposition not specified; 
 
Lack of public hearing;

TA2018001 
Page 12 of 15 
 
Large height and dimensions;  
 
Property values; and 
 
Energy use of digital billboards. 
 
Staff believes much of the concern has been addressed with the current, proposed 
language.  Lighting and protection of nighttime skies for astronomical observation is 
addressed by the amortization of bottom-mounted upward lighting, and by requiring 
louvres on digital billboards and for their illumination to be to be shut off during late night 
hours. Views are addressed by prohibiting billboards along identified scenic corridors.  
Energy use of digital billboards has not been addressed other than a maximum nit level, 
louvres to focus illumination and the illumination shall be shut off during late night hours. 
Regarding the issues of driving safety, general opposition, public hearing and property 
values – staff notes that billboards are already a permitted use in Commercial and 
Industrial zoning districts. The question with this text amendment is simply should digital 
billboards be permitted, and also should larger and taller billboards be permitted along 
freeways.  Staff notes that CUPD/IUPD variations have regularly been approved by the 
Commission/Board and Variances approved by the Board of Adjustment to permit larger 
and taller billboards along freeways. 
 
Maricopa County Scenic Corridor Map 
 
 
Per Department Directive DD-15-10: “The Department has historically viewed only the 
deviated standards as part of the UPD approval by the Board of Supervisors (BOS). This 
means that unless a development standard was specifically varied with BOS approval of 
the UPD it is considered to have been amended with any subsequent zoning ordinance 
text amendment related to that development standard.” Meaning, any CUPD or IUPD 
standards that have been deviated would still be valid as they were approved by the 
Board. Any standard that was not deviated, the new standards shall apply. To clarify this 
the applicant added language under Article 1403.3.1.K.2.  
 
This proposed text amendment does not address the fact that there are state standards 
for lighting and digital billboards would be subject to these standards per ARS § 28-7902

TA2018001 
Page 13 of 15 
and related portions under Title 28, Chapter 23, Article 1. The Applicant has also 
submitted a map (see below) from darksky.org to staff showing Arizona locations of 
facilities with major investments in professional astronomy equipment in relation to 
Electronic Message Centers (EMC), which is interchangeable language with digital or 
electronic billboards. These observatories are mostly concentrated near Flagstaff and 
around the Tucson area with identified International Dark Sky places around the same 
areas as well. Maricopa County (at least a large portion) is within the state statute EMC 
allowance area according to the map.  
 
IDA Dark Sky Map of Arizona Related to EMC’s

TA2018001 
Page 14 of 15 
10. 
Several industry comments expressed concerns that the proposed text amendment 
changes would give the Applicant an unfair advantage with the potential to convert 
existing billboards to digital.  Staff does not track applications by applicant or necessarily 
by land use, but rather by type of case, and does not have the ability to assess this claim. 
Arguably, the proposed changes would be applicable to the entire industry and would 
benefit all industry stakeholders while protecting rural/residential zoning districts, 
nighttime skies and scenic corridors that were previously expressed concerns. A few 
members of the industry raised concerns that the proposed standards would set off a 
race to who can be first to permit a digital billboard; however, this is presently the case 
for all billboards with regard to separation requirements.  
 
11. 
Staff finds merit in most of the changes that are proposed in the text amendment, 
particularly: 
 
 
Increasing the maximum size and height of billboards proximate to a freeway; 
 
Implementing a radius separation standard between billboards instead of the current 
linear separation; 
 
Prohibiting billboards in and limiting them around Scenic Corridors; 
 
Amortization of bottom-mounted billboard; 
 
Permitting digital billboards with louvre technology; and  
 
Requiring any LNC billboard to be brought into conformance with the new standards 
or obtain an SUP in order to modify the sign including conversion to digital. 
 
12. 
Although the applicant has revised the proposed text amendment to address previous 
staff concerns, staff has additional comments: 
 
 
Proposed Section 201 definition of “Freeway (regarding off-site advertising 
(billboards))”: Staff mentions that the last sentence “Billboards are a prohibited use on 
future freeways within the County”, should be considered to include “any other 
freeway now existing or to be constructed within the County.” Otherwise, the 
language is quite nebulous for future interpretation, also this is a regulation that 
shouldn’t be included within definitions but possibly placed elsewhere within Chapter 
14. 
 
Proposed Section 201 definition of “Sign, off-site advertising (billboards) – digital”: 
Change “utilizes” to “utilizing” in first sentence.  
 
Proposed Article 1112.7.1.1.21: Change language to “Any lawfully existing bottom 
mounted upward lighting is permitted to remain. However, any alteration to said 
billboard will require the lighting to be removed and replaced with downward lighting 
in conformance with Article 1112.3.2. All new billboards are required to be in 
conformance with Article 1112.3.2.”. This would allow continued use of existing lighting 
for signs that meet legal non-conforming standards but would require downward 
lighting for any new or altered signs at the time of permitting. 
 
Proposed Article 1301.1.21.2.3: Add “to be relocated” at end of sentence.  
 
Proposed Article 1403.3.1.C: Add “have features that emit sound or” before “be 
audible in any manner.” 
 
Proposed Article 1403.3.1.F.2.a: Add “immediately adjacent to sign” after “main travel 
lanes of a freeway”.  
 
Proposed Article 1403.3.1.G: Under the table for sign face and embellishments, add 
asterisks for each of the sign face standards (300 sf and 672 sf) to include a footnote

TA2018001 
Page 15 of 15 
that states “this maximum square footage applies separately to each side of a  
double-faced sign”.  
 
Proposed Article 1403.3.1.J.1.ii: This should state “Digital billboards shall be permitted 
if along AND WITHIN 300’ OF AN EXISTING freeway…” (Emphasis added).  This change 
is consistent with language in other articles of the text amendment and is also more 
precise, removing interpretational drift with determination as to what location is along 
a freeway. 
 
Proposed Article 1403.3.1.J.4: Replace the first word “Such” with “Digital”.  
 
Proposed Article 1403.3.1.J.5: Remove the first word “Minimal”.  
 
Proposed Article 1403.3.1.J.9: Add “modified or” before the word “converted” to be 
consistent with language from Article 1301.1.21.1.2. Also, remove from sub-section “J” 
and make a new sub-section “K” under same article, this is to remove from digital sub-
section J as this doesn’t just apply to digital billboards.  
 
Proposed Article 1403.3.1.J.10: “Add the word “existing” before the word “rights”. Also, 
remove from sub-section “J” and make new sub-section “L” under same article as this 
applies to not just digital billboards.  
 
Recommendation: 
 
13. 
For the reasons outlined in this report, staff recommends approval of TA2018001 with 
revisions for consideration as detailed within paragraph 12 of this staff report.  
 
Prepared by:  
Ray Banker, Senior Planner  
Reviewed by:  
Matthew Holm, AICP, Planning Supervisor and Darren V. Gerard, AICP, Planning Manager 
 
Attachments: 
6/17/2021 ZIPPOR Staff Report (11 pages) 
 
 
Opposition/Support/Comments received as of 8/31/2021(1,271 pages)

TA2018001 
Page 1 of 11 
Report to the Planning and Zoning Commission 
Prepared by the Maricopa County Planning and Development Department 
 
 
 
Case: 
TA2018001 – Off-Site Advertising Signs (Billboards) 
 
Meeting Date: 
June 17, 2021 (ZIPPOR) 
 
Supervisor District: 
All 
 
 
 
  
 
Applicant: 
Becker Boards Small, LLC / Joseph White 
 
Requests: 
Text Amendment to amend Chapter 2, Definitions and Chapter 14, 
Articles 1403 and 1404 of the Maricopa County Zoning Ordinance 
(MCZO) relating to Off-Site Advertising Signs (Billboards). TA2018001 
proposes additional usage, allowance for digital billboards currently 
prohibited.  
 
  
 
Support/Opposition: 
159 documents of opposition/suggested changes to the proposed 
text, includes both citizen and industry comments, to date. There 
were 155 of these documents at the time of the last P&Z hearing on 
July 25, 2019 and 4 documents received since the latest submittal by 
the applicant. 
 
Recommendation: 
N/A – Application is applicant driven, ZIPPOR meeting is for 
discussion purposes only. Staff will provide a recommendation with 
the staff report for the Planning and Zoning Commission hearing. 
 
Proposed Text Amendment: 
 
This item is being processed through the County’s Enhanced Regulatory Outreach Program 
(EROP). Changes to the text based on the most recent submittal by the applicant are highlighted 
in green, previous proposed changes to text that are still included as part of this request are 
highlighted in yellow with existing MCZO text struck-through. The proposed verbatim language:  
 
Section 201 – DEFINITIONS 
 
FREEWAY (REGARDING OFF-SITE ADVERTISING (BILLBOARDS)): 
 
For the purpose of the location of Off-Site Advertising Signs (Billboards) only, Interstate 17 (I-17) 
south of Carefree Highway, I-10, Arizona State Route (SR) Loop 101, SR Loop 202, SR Loop 303, 
and U.S. Highway 60 (U.S. 60 – Superstition Freeway), and their connections, and on and off 
ramps. 
 
SCENIC CORRIDOR: 
 
For the purpose of the location of Off-Site Advertising Signs (Billboards), scenic corridor shall refer 
to the Scenic Corridor Overlay Zoning Districts (as said forth in Chapter 10) and scenic corridor 
district policy guidelines (Carefree Highway, Castle Highway, McMickem Dam, Olive Avenue, El 
Rio, I-17 North of Carefree Highway).

TA2018001 
Page 2 of 11 
 
SIGN (BILLBOARD), EMBELLISHMENT: 
 
Letters, figures, characters, or representations in cutouts, irregular forms, or similar ornamentation 
attached to or superimposed upon a billboard to provide a three-dimensional effect. 
 
SIGN, OFF-SITE ADVERTISING (BILLBOARDS):  
 
A freestanding sign portraying information which directs attention to an idea, issue, point of 
view, candidate, entity, business, commodity, service, entertainment, product or attraction sold, 
offered, or existing elsewhere than upon the property where the sign is located. Billboards as 
used in this this Ordinance without a modifying word shall mean both static and digital. 
 
SIGN, OFF-SITE ADVERTISING (BILLBOARDS) – DIGITAL: 
 
A billboard, utilizes digital message technology capable of changing the message or copy on 
the sign electronically, such that, the alphabetic, pictographic, or symbolic informational 
content can be changed or altered electronically on a fixed display surface composed of 
electronically illuminated or electronically actuated or motivated elements. This includes 
billboards with displays that have been preprogrammed to display only certain types of 
information (i.e., time, date, temperature) and billboards whose informational content can be 
changed or altered by means of computer-driven electronic impulses.  
 
SIGN, OFF-SITE ADVERTISING (BILLBOARDS) – Static: 
 
A billboard with a fixed message that changes no more than once in a 24-hour period.  
 
ARTICLE 1403.3.  OFF-SITE ADVERTISING SIGNS (BILLBOARDS) [C-2 AND C-3 ZONING DISTRICTS 
ONLY]: 
 
1403.3.1 
Billboards shall be permitted uses in the C-2 and C-3 zoning districts subject to the 
following conditions: 
 
 
A. Separation Distance: 
 
1. 
Distance from other billboards: 
 
a. 
When either an existing or proposed billboard is located three 
(3) miles or greater from the boundary of any incorporated 
city or town, shall maintain a radial separation distance from 
any other billboard of 3,000 feet. Measurement shall be from 
the vertical edge of the sign face closest to the sign face of 
the structure to which is being measured. Measurement shall 
not cross any freeway, except within scenic corridors. 
  
b. 
When either an existing or proposed billboard is located fewer 
than three (3) miles from the boundary of any incorporated 
city or town, shall maintain a radial separation distance from 
any other billboard of 1,000 feet. Measurement shall be from 
the vertical edge of the sign face closest to the sign face of

TA2018001 
Page 3 of 11 
the structure to which is being measured. Measurement shall 
not cross any freeway, except within scenic corridors. 
 
2. 
Static billboard conversion to digital billboard: 
 
Any non-conforming existing freeway billboard that is 
converted to digital must maintain a distance not fewer than 
500 feet from other freeway digital billboards 
 
B. Setback Requirements: There shall be a 0’ setback from any property line, 
except as follows: 
 
1. 
No billboard shall be erected within 100 feet of any residential zoning 
district boundary or a residential use in a rural zoning district, whether 
or not separated by a public right-of-way. 
 
2. 
No illuminated billboard shall be erected within 150 feet of a 
residential zoning district boundary or a residential use in a rural 
zoning district ( refer to Chapter 11, Section 1112).  
 
3. 
No billboard shall be erected within 500 feet of any park, school or 
roadside rest area. 
 
C. 
Billboards shall not be audible in any manner. 
 
D. 
No billboard shall be erected in or within six-hundred sixty (660) feet of a 
Scenic Corridor Overlay Zoning District. 
 
E. 
No digital billboard shall be erected on any property located within any 
Maricopa County Scenic Corridor. 
 
F. 
Development Standards:  
 
1. 
Billboards located greater than 300’ from of an existing freeway  
 
a. 
Shall be limited to thirty (30) feet in height inclusive of all 
embellishments, lighting, and attachments.  
 
b. 
Shall be limited to three-hundred (300) square feet in sign 
face area. The maximum square footage may be exceeded 
by up to ten percent (10%) by use of embellishments. 
 
2. 
Billboards located within 300’ of an existing freeway: 
 
a. 
Shall be limited to forty-eight (48) feet above adjacent 
grade or elevation of the main travel lanes of a freeway or 
subject property (whichever is greater but not to exceed 80), 
inclusive of all embellishments, lighting, and attachments.

TA2018001 
Page 4 of 11 
b. 
Shall be limited to six hundred seventy-two (672) square feet 
in sign face area. The maximum square footage of sign area 
may be exceeded by up to twenty percent (20%) by use of 
embellishments.  
 
G. 
A billboard may be double-faced or “V” shaped, provided the “V” shape 
is designed so that there is no greater than fifty-four (54) inches between 
faces at the apex and the angle between the faces of the sign is no greater 
than forty-five (45) degrees. 
 
 
Sign Face 
(Square Feet) 
Embellishments 
Signs 
300 
10% 
Signs within 
300’ of a 
freeway 
672 
20% 
 
 
 
 
 
 
H. 
Any modifications to a billboard within the Military Airport and Ancillary 
Military Facility Overlay Zoning District shall require a new Use Compatibility 
and Consistency Determination (UCCD) pursuant to Section 1010 of this 
Ordinance. 
 
I. 
All lighting shall adhere to Article 1112.3.2 of the Maricopa County Zoning 
Ordinance. 
 
J. 
Digital billboards shall be permitted if: 
 
1. 
Located fewer than three (3) miles from the boundary of any 
incorporated city or town. 
Billboards within 300’ of a Freeway
Sign Face 
 672 sq. ft. 
48 ft. 
 Billboards not within 300’ of a freeway 
Sign Face  
300 sq. ft. 
30 ft.

TA2018001 
Page 5 of 11 
 
2. 
Billboards not within 300’ of a freeway and (i) not within 450’ of a rural 
or residential zoning district boundary, and (ii) not more than 30’ in 
height, and (iii) not more than 300 sq. ft. in face area. 
 
3. 
Network time shall be made available on all digital sign faces to 
federal, state, and local public safety agencies for emergency 
messaging. Such messages shall override all copy for one hour, and 
shall then be displayed for no fewer than eight seconds in every 
minute as long as needed. 
 
4. 
Such billboard adheres to the provisions of Article 1401.3 of this 
Chapter, except that from 11:00 p.m. until sunrise all billboards 
illumination shall be extinguished and all billboards shall be equipped 
with an automatic devise to assure compliance. These illumination 
requirements shall not be applicable to the display of any Amber 
Alert or other governmental emergencies, or for other emergent 
situations as determined by the Zoning Administrator. Further, in the 
event of an electronic malfunction the sign shall be shut off until 
repairs have been made to restore the electronic messaging system. 
 
5. 
Minimal display time shall not change-message more than once 
every eight (8) seconds. 
 
K. 
General provisions applicable to digital billboards:  
 
1. 
All lawfully existing static billboards on [EFFECTIVE DATE] that become 
non-conforming due to any changes to this Ordinance made on 
[EFFECTIVE DATE] may be converted to digital billboards and all 
support columns may be relocated a maximum of 20’ from the 
existing location; provided that the converted billboard meets all 
requirements of this Article. 
 
2. 
Nothing contained in this Ordinance shall affect the rights of any 
property granted a deviation by legislative or quasi-judicial action of 
Maricopa County. 
 
3. 
Any new digital billboard (including conversions of existing static 
billboards to digital) shall be permitted as a Conditional Use per 
Section 1303, and subject to the following:  
 
a.  
All digital billboard conditional use permits shall be reviewed 
by staff and forwarded with a recommendation to the Board 
of Supervisors for approval upon the finding:  
 
i.  
The digital billboard will likely not cause a significant 
downgrade of property values on properties within 500 
feet from the billboard structure.  
ii.  
The digital billboard must include a decorative pole 
cover as approved by Staff.

TA2018001 
Page 6 of 11 
iii.  
Dimmers on all digital billboards shall be set in the 
evening hours (from sunset to 11:00 p.m.) not to 
exceed 300 nits.  
iv.  
The digital sign copy image shall be static with no 
animation and with no flashing, blinking, or moving 
lights.  
v.  
In the transition between copy changes, there shall be 
no sense of movement from one image to the next.  
vi.  
The digital billboard shall have an automatic turn-off 
mechanism in case of malfunction.  
vii.  
Upon 
a 
determination 
that 
an 
application 
is 
determined to be complete, the applicant will be 
notified that a recommendation on the request will be 
made by Staff within thirty (30) calendar days and 
forwarded to the Board of Supervisors. 
viii.  
Fifteen calendar days prior to the Board of Supervisors 
hearing, the County shall mail notice to all affected 
properties within 150 feet of the subject property. If the 
property is within a municipal plan, the County shall 
also mail notice to that municipality. 
ix.  
Upon determination by the Board of Supervisors, an 
appeal may be filed within fifteen (15) calendar days 
to 
the 
Board 
of 
Adjustment 
challenging 
the 
interpretation by the Planning Director. We need to 
work on this one. 
 
Article 1404.3 
OFF-SITE ADVERTISING SIGNS (BILLBOARDS) [IND-2 AND IND-3 ZONING 
DISTRICTS ONLY] 
 
1404.3.1 
Off-site advertising signs (billboards) shall be a permitted use in the IND-2 and 
IND-3 zoning districts subject to all requirements set forth in Article 1403.3.1 of 
this Ordinance. 
 
 
ARTICLE 1403.3. 
OFF-SITE SIGNS, BILLBOARDS [C-2 AND C-3 ZONING DISTRICTS ONLY]: 
 
1403.3.1 
Off-site signs shall be permitted uses in the C-2 and C-3 zoning districts 
provided each such sign shall: 
 
1. 
Maintain a distance separation from any other off-site sign of 3,000 feet 
of any offsite sign on the same street when either existing or proposed 
sign is located three (3) miles or greater from the boundary of any 
incorporated city or town. 
 
2. 
Maintain a distance separation from any other off-site sign of 1,000 feet 
of any offsite sign on the same street when either existing or proposed 
signs is located fewer than three (3) miles from the boundary of any 
incorporated city or town.

TA2018001 
Page 7 of 11 
3 
Such sign may be illuminated but no flashing, intermittent or moving 
illumination shall be employed.  Any lighting used shall be in 
accordance with the adopted outdoor light control provisions (see 
Chapter 11, Section 1112. herein).  Any off premise sign within 150 feet 
of a rural or residential zone boundary shall be non-illuminated. 
 
4. 
Such sign shall not be located within 100 feet of any rural or residential 
zoning district boundary, whether or not separated by a public right-
of-way. 
 
5. 
Such sign shall not be located within 500 feet of any park, school or 
roadside rest area. 
 
6. 
Such sign shall not be audible in any manner. 
 
7. 
Special Conditions: 
 
a.  
On State Route 74 between U. S. 60-89 and Lake Pleasant Road, 
no off-site signs shall be permitted within six-hundred sixty (660) 
feet of said highway right-of-way.  
 
b. 
On U. S. Highway 60-89 from Estrella Freeway to Wickenburg, no 
off-site signs shall be permitted within six-hundred sixty (660) 
feet of said highway right-of-way.  
 
1403.3.2. 
Off-site signs in C-2 and C-3 zoning district are subject to the following 
development standards: 
 
1. 
Such sign shall not exceed three-hundred 
(300) square feet in area.  A sign may utilize 
embellishments up to of ten percent (10%) of 
the sign area.  
 
2. 
Such sign shall not exceed thirty (30) feet in 
height. 
 
3. 
Such sign may be double-faced or “V” shaped, provided the “V” 
shape is designed so that it is no greater than fifty-four (54) inches 
between faces at the apex and the angle between the faces of the 
sign is no greater than forty-five (45) degrees.  
 
 
 
 
 
4. 
Shall be freestanding. 
 
5. 
Shall maintain the same property line setbacks required by the 
underlying zoning district.

TA2018001 
Page 8 of 11 
ARTICLE 1404.3. 
OFF-SITE SIGNS, BILLBOARDS [IND-2 AND IND-3 ZONING DISTRICTS ONLY]: 
 
1404.3.1. 
Off-site signs shall be permitted uses in the IND-2 and IND-3 zoning districts and 
provided each such sign shall: 
 
1. 
Maintain a distance separation from any other off-site sign of 3,000 feet 
of any offsite sign on the same street when either existing or proposed 
sign is located three (3) miles or greater from the boundary of any 
incorporated city or town. 
 
2. 
Maintain a distance separation from any other off-site sign of 1,000 feet 
of any offsite sign on the same street when either existing or proposed 
signs is located fewer than three (3) miles from the boundary of any 
incorporated city or town.  
 
3. 
Such sign may be illuminated but no flashing, intermittent or moving 
illumination shall be employed.  Any lighting used shall be in 
accordance with the adopted outdoor light control provisions (see 
Chapter 11, Section 1112. herein).).  Any off premise sign within 150 feet 
of a rural or residential zone boundary shall be non-illuminated. 
 
4. 
Such sign shall not be located within 100 feet of any rural or residential 
zoning district boundary, whether or not separated by a public right-
of-way. 
 
5. 
Such sign shall not be located within 500 feet of any park, school or 
roadside rest area. 
 
6. 
Such sign shall not be audible in any manner. 
 
7. 
Special Conditions: 
 
a.  
On State Route 74 between U. S. 60-89 and Lake Pleasant Road, 
no off-site signs shall be permitted within six-hundred sixty (660) 
feet of said highway right-of-way.  
 
b. 
On U. S. Highway 60-89 from Estrella Freeway to Wickenburg, no 
off-site signs shall be permitted within six-hundred sixty (660) 
feet of said highway right-of-way.  
 
1404.3.2. 
Off-site signs in IND-2 and IND-3 zoning district are subject to the following 
development standards:

TA2018001 
Page 9 of 11 
 
1. 
Such sign shall not exceed three-hundred 
(300) square feet in area.  A sign may utilize 
embellishments up to of ten percent (10%) 
of the sign area.  
 
2. 
Such sign shall not exceed thirty (30) feet in 
height. 
 
3. 
Such sign may be double-faced or “V” shaped, provided the “V” 
shape is designed so that it is no greater than fifty-four (54)  
inches between faces at the apex and the angle between the faces  
of the sign is no greater than forty-five (45) degrees.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. 
Such sign shall be freestanding. 
 
5. 
Shall maintain the same property line setbacks as required by the 
underlying zoning district. 
 
Discussion: 
 
1. 
As part of the EROP process a recent stakeholder meeting was held on May 21, 2021 
based on the most recent resubmittal by the applicant. There were four individuals who 
spoke with general concerns of billboard conversions to digital including brightness, 
distance to residential areas, proximity to schools and parks, and driver safety issues. 
There were also comments on separation and setback requirements between these 
protected uses and new billboards as well as the public notification process.  
 
2. 
TA2018001 was previously continued indefinitely at the July 25, 2019 P&Z hearing to allow 
for the applicant to work with industry stakeholders and the public. There were three other  
stakeholder workshops prior to this P&Z hearing. To date staff has received 158 
letters/correspondence of opposition and/or suggested edits to the proposed text 
amendment language (including citizen and industry stakeholders, attached). Only two 
of these documents were received after the most recent submittal by the applicant.  
 
3. 
Major changes the proposed text amendment would allow for includes: 
 
 
A radius separation instead of the current linear separation based on street 
orientation. This is intended to remove ambiguity and interpretational drift with 
regard to determination of street orientation. 
 
Change in setback requirements of the underlying zoning district to 0’ (restrictions 
would still be applicable if adjacent to residential zoning districts, residential use in 
a rural zoning district, or park, school, or roadside rest area). 
 
The applicant has also added language under 1403.3.1.H regarding the Military 
Airport and Ancillary Military Facility Overlay Zoning District.

TA2018001 
Page 10 of 11 
 
Definition of Scenic Corridor to also include area plan policy guidelines that are 
currently not regulatory (i.e. Carefree Hwy), and prohibiting digital billboards within 
scenic corridors. 
 
Addition of digital billboards within Maricopa County’s jurisdiction with inclusion of 
a Conditional Use Permit (CUP) process. The current MCZO does not allow for 
digital billboards.  
 
4. 
The majority of Industry comments to date address some the following:  
 
 
Linear versus radius separation. 
 
Legal non-conforming with regards to approved Commercial Unit Plan of 
Development (CUPD), Industrial Unit Plan of Development (IUPD), and Variances 
that altered development standards for a billboard. 
 
Allowance for maintenance and repairs. 
 
Increase in separation of digital billboards versus illuminated static billboards. 
 
Removal of a public benefit for removing billboards as a condition of approval for 
digital. 
 
No requirement for public hearing process for billboards. 
 
Because this is an applicant request it is their right to consider or not consider the 
suggested changes. However, staff does note the following general concerns/comments 
as items for discussion based on the latest submittal by the applicant: 
 
 
There are some grammatical errors that need to be fixed.  
 
The definition of a digital billboard to be consistent with other jurisdictions. 
 
Proposed Article 1403.3.1.A.2. – separation (500’) for non-conforming freeway 
billboards converting to digital billboards from other digital billboards is not clear if 
radial. 
 
Proposed Article 1403.3.1.D – concerns with including the “Scenic Corridor Overlay 
District” which would only include the two regulatory scenic corridors (Wickenburg 
Scenic Corridor & Hwy 74 Scenic Corridor).  
 
Consider moving proposed Article 1403.3.1.E to 1403.3.1.K with other general 
provisions regarding digital billboard regulations. 
 
Proposed Article 1403.3.1.J – The language appears to propose digital billboards 
along arterials than along freeways. Remaining language to be considered to 
move under Article 1403.3.1.K with other general provisions regarding digital 
billboards. 
 
Proposed Article 1403.3.1.K – The language is confusing; staff notes that legal non-
conforming billboards converting to digital should at least require legislative 
approval through a Special Use Permit (SUP) process.  
 
Next Steps: 
 
5. 
The tentative Commission hearing for recommendation to the BOS is scheduled for July 
22, 2021. Staff will make a recommendation once all of the comments/participation are 
received and analyzed.  
 
Prepared by:  
Ray Banker, Senior Planner  
Reviewed by:  
Matthew Holm, AICP, Planning Supervisor and Darren V. Gerard, AICP, Deputy Director

TA2018001 
Page 11 of 11 
Attachments: 
Comments/additional documents received to date (464 pages) – The referenced attachments are not included 
with this report but have been uploaded to the Department website and can be provided upon request.

August 22, 2021 
 
Re: Proposed Digital Billboard Text Amendment - Maricopa County (the “County”) 
 
We’ve been working for several years on a text amendment to the County’s billboard ordinance. In connection with that, 
you and others recently sent in a letter of opposition. As part of our normal course of business, we obtain copies of those 
letters so that we can better understand the concerns of the community and attempt to address them. Unfortunately, most of 
the opposition letters either referenced incorrect facts or were written prior to changes that we made to the proposed 
ordinance where we addressed the applicable concerns.  Thus, I’m writing this letter to you and the others to clarify things 
and hopefully alleviate your concerns. Indeed, we need to earn your support! 
 
The opposition letters generally fell within the following categories: 1) Proliferation of digital billboards, 2) Inappropriate 
locations for digital billboards, 3) Dark Skies/light emissions, 4) Driver Safety/distraction, and 5) Process for digital 
billboard conversion. 
 
Proliferation of Digital Billboards: 
 
I don’t know of a single new billboard that the proposed ordinance would allow – not even one! In fact, this proposed 
ordinance is more restrictive than the current one in the following ways: (i) it will prohibit all billboards (digital & static) 
within 660’ of any scenic corridor, including north of the Carefree Hwy on I-17, and (ii) the ordinance change would 
disallow the current practice allowing two arterial street billboards near each other on intersecting arterial streets. 
Furthermore, our proposed ordinance will prohibit digital billboards on arterial streets – the only possibility of digital 
billboards would be on freeways.  
 
Although at first blush a digital billboard ordinance change in Maricopa sounds like a massive change, it really isn’t. It’s 
important to keep in mind that this ordinance has nothing to do with billboards within incorporated cities of towns which 
have their own rules governing digital billboards. Coincidentally, many of such cities have already upgraded their billboard 
ordinances to allow them – such as Phoenix, Tempe, Guadalupe, Tolleson, Goodyear, Buckeye, and Chandler (allowed on 
some arterial street locations). Rather, it only applies to county islands and other properties in the County which haven’t 
been annexed into a city of town. This vastly limits its applicability.   
 
Inappropriate Locations For Digital Billboards: 
 
As a practical matter, the ordinance will only allow digital conversions of existing County freeway externally illuminated 
static billboards in unincorporated cities or towns. We estimate that there are only 40-50 of such; none of which are north 
of Northern Parkway/Northern alignments, and none are between the north/south alignment of the Ed Pastor Loop 202 the 
north/south alignment of I-10 (i.e., none are in the central Phoenix area) other than a handful of existing illuminated freeway 
locations on I-10 and the Ed Pastor Loop 202.

August 22, 2021 
Page 2 of 3 
 
Several of the opposition letters mentioned that they don’t want Phoenix to look like Vegas. It won’t. The famous Las Vegas 
strip is on an arterial street.  As mentioned above, this ordinance would not only ban arterial street digital conversions, but 
it would also ban all new billboards (digital or static) within 660’ of scenic corridors including the area north of the Carefree 
Highway on I-17.   
 
Dark Skies/Light Emissions 
 
In addition to the inapplicability of the ordinance to anything north of the Carefree Highway, all of the protections for the 
observatories and rural areas that the State put in place when it approved its digital ordinance would remain fully intact as 
explicitly stated in the proposed ordinance. Unlike the current ordinance which allows the externally illuminated static 
billboards to remain on all night, the digital billboard ordinance will require that they be turned off by 11:00 pm each night 
and remain off until sunrise.  In addition to a reduction in the amount of time the lights can stay on, the proposed digital 
ordinance will reduce the amount of light spillage. 
 
Moreover, for the first time required anywhere in Arizona, the County’s code would require that each digital billboard 
incorporate this new louver technology. The louvers dramatically reduce the amount of light spillage. I’ve seen this 
technology in place myself and have been so shocked and pleased to see that they essentially limit the visibility of the 
billboard except to oncoming traffic. Please look at these links to get a better idea on how great this new digital technology 
is in this regard:  
 
• 
https://vimeo.com/444979892 
• 
https://vimeo.com/397221378 
• 
https://vimeo.com/414877885 
 
Finally, on this point, consider the recent massive expansion in gambling that the State of Arizona just approved. We are 
not criticizing the decision but rather making the observation because any one of those new facilities will far more 
significantly impact dark skies as will the multitude of allowed on premises signs than what is being discussed in this update 
to you.  
 
Driver Safety/Distraction 
 
This myth has been completely debunked. The federal government studied this issue exhaustively and issued a formal 
opinion before adopting language to allow digital billboards on its freeways.  The proposed ordinance will prohibit any live 
animation and each ad will have to hold in place for at least 8 seconds. As such and as determined by the federal government 
and countless jurisdictions throught the country, the driver safety/distraction “issue” is a non-issue.  Furthermore, we know 
of no case in any jurisdiction where it was determined that a freeway digital billboard with such restrictions was the 
proximate cause for an accident.

August 22, 2021 
Page 3 of 3 
 
Process for Digital Billboard Conversion 
 
Several of the letters were concerned that if the digital billboard ordinance were to pass, that there would be little to no way 
to prohibit the conversion of a billboard to digital. In fact, many of the County’s freeway county island billboards are legal 
nonconforming billboards. As such, will need to go through the County’s normal Special Use  
 
Permit approval process before being allowed. It’s basically the same extensive comment and review process as required 
for a rezoning. In addition to notice and opportunities to be heard, no conversion would be allowed until voted on by the 
Planning & Zoning Commission and approval by the Board of Supervisors. 
 
Thank you in advance for taking the time to better understand the facts. I know that some of you are adamantly opposed to 
billboards in general and/or digital billboards.  While I value your opinion, I respectively disagree. Billboards, and 
particularly digital billboards, not only provide public service benefits, but they also give local and national companies a 
cost affordable way to increase revenues.  
 
Digital billboards are used to post time sensitive information for the FBI, local law enforcement, Amber Alerts and Silver 
Alerts.  As a locally founded and based company, whenever called upon to do so, we post such ads. Additionally, as a 
locally founded and based local company, we give substantial discounts to local companies. Locals represent about half our 
advertisers. Keep in mind that even sales to national companies help our local economy. Consider an ad for someone like 
McDonald’s. Although it may be a national ad, success of the local store helps maintain full employment locally and that, 
in turn, augments local spending. Also, digital billboards are much more affordable than static billboards. Digital billboards 
typically rotate among 8 different advertisers, each paying substantially less than what an advertiser would pay for the same 
location if it were kept as a static billboard. Thus, many small businesses and charities can access our boards for help but 
cannot do so cost effectively on more expensive static ones.  
  
I hope that I’ve addressed your concerns. If not or if you have further questions, please feel free to reach out to me. 
 
Respectfully, 
 
 
 
Mark D. Becker 
602-740-9145 (cell) 
MBecker@BeckerBoards.com 
 
Cc: Joseph N. White 
       William Lally, Esq. 
       Jacob Zonn 
       Ray Banker 
       Darren V. Gerard