E-bikes

Town of Fountain Hills — Town Council (2026-06-16)

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E-BIKES VS E-MOTOS

E-MOTOS
• All Sur-Rons, Talarias, and similar electric 
dirt bikes are motorcycles or motor-driven 
cycles and cannot operate in parks, on 
sidewalks, bike lanes, or shared-use paths. 
• Motorcycle License: Riders must hold a 
valid driver’s license with a motorcycle 
endorsement (ARS 28-3151A)
• Safety Gear: Helmets are mandatory for 
riders under the age of 18, and eye 
protection is required for all (ARS 28-
964.A)
• Vehicle Registration: Motor-driven cycles 
must be registered, insured, and properly 
licensed, just like other motor vehicles

E-BIKES
Pedals and Propulsion: 
• E-bikes require you to pedal to 
activate the motor (though 
some have a limited throttle 
option).

E- Bikes Arizona State Law (Baseline Authority)
Class
Description
Top Assisted Speed
Class 1
Pedal-assist only
20 mph
Class 2
Throttle-assisted
20 mph
Class 3
Pedal-assist only
28 mph
Arizona adopted a three-class e-bike system under A.R.S. § 28-819. The statute establishes the following: 
Key provisions:
•E-bike riders generally have the same rights and responsibilities as traditional bicyclists. 
•No registration, insurance, license plate, or driver's license is required. 
•Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes are allowed on bicycle and multi-use paths unless a local jurisdiction prohibits 
them. 
•Class 3 e-bikes are prohibited on bicycle and multi-use paths unless the local jurisdiction specifically 
allows them. 
This is important because Arizona law explicitly gives local governments authority over e-bike access on paths 
and trails.

What Other Phoenix Metro Communities Are 
Doing
Phoenix
• The most restrictive approach is found in certain park and preserve 
areas.
• The City of Phoenix Parks and Recreation Department prohibits 
riding electric bicycles and other motorized vehicles on trails within 
its preserve and trail system. This applies primarily to natural-surface 
hiking and mountain biking trails in the preserve system. 
• Policy model:
• Allow e-bikes on streets and paved facilities. 
• Prohibit e-bikes on natural-surface preserve trails.

Scottsdale
• Scottsdale generally follows the state framework.
• Current guidance allows:
• Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes on multi-use paths and sidewalks. 
• Class 3 e-bikes are prohibited on paved shared-use paths. 
• Riders are encouraged to use bike lanes and roadways for Class 3 operation. 
Scottsdale has also adopted ordinances regulating:
• Reckless riding. 
• Riding under the influence. 
• Policy model:
• Permit Class 1 and 2. 
• Restrict Class 3 from shared-use paths. 
• Focus enforcement on rider behavior.

Glendale (Most Restrictive / Most 
Comprehensive)
Age Restrictions
• Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes: minimum age 14
• Class 3 e-bikes: minimum age 16
• Helmets required for riders under 18 
Equipment Requirements
• White front light
• Red rear light
• Reflectors for nighttime operation 
Behavioral Regulations
• Prohibits reckless riding
• Prohibits riding against traffic
• Prohibits intentional wheelies
• Requires compliance with traffic laws 
Enforcement
•
Fines start at $50
•
Repeat offenses can reach $500 within a 12-month period 
Park Speed Limits
Glendale's park code already limits bicycles and similar devices 
in parks to 15 mph and requires yielding to pedestrians. 
Policy Takeaway
Glendale's ordinance focuses less on where e-bikes may operate 
and more on:
Youth access
Unsafe behavior
Enforcement authority
This is likely the strongest model currently in the Valley.
In late 2025, Glendale adopted a standalone e-bike and e-scooter ordinance in response to safety 
concerns involving youth riders and reckless operation. The ordinance includes:

Common Regulatory Options Available
Option 1 – Follow Arizona Law Only
Description
• Adopt no additional regulations.
• Does not allow E-Moto in any parks and they must follow vehicular rules of the road
• Allow Class 1 and 2 E-Bikes wherever bicycles are allowed, this includes in the parks and on 
sidewalks.
• Does not allow Class 3 E-Bikes in any parks or multi-use pathways and only allows where state law 
permits(bike lanes, public streets).
Pros
• Simple.
• Minimal enforcement burden.
• Consistent with state law.
Cons
• Limited ability to address resident concerns about speed and conflicts.

Option 2 – Path and Trail 
Classification
Create separate rules for:
• Shared-use paths (Fountain Park, Four Peaks pathways etc.)
• Natural-surface trails (Adero, Desert Botanical, Overlook)
• Sidewalks (All pathways not shared-use)
• Roadways
Example:
Facility Type
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
Roads
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bike lanes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Shared-use paths
Yes
Yes
No
Natural-surface trails
No
No
No
Pros
Most common municipal approach.
Cons
Requires signage
Difficulty with enforcement

Option 3 – Age Restrictions
Adopted youth restrictions due to risks of crashes involving high-
powered e-bikes.
Examples:
• No e-bikes at all under age 14
OR
• No Class 2 or 3 under age 14 (this allows under age 14 to ride class 
1)
Pros
• Addresses concerns about younger riders.
Cons
• More difficult to enforce.

Option 4- Set age and location restrictions
• No e-bikes under age 14
OR
• No Class 2 or 3 under age 14
 (this allows under age 14 to ride class 
1)
Pros
Addresses concerns about younger riders
Addresses concerns about E-Bikes in parks
Cons
More difficult to enforce.
Facility Type
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
Roads
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bike lanes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Shared-use 
paths
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Sidewalks
Natural-surface 
trails
No
No
No

Option 5- No E-Bikes In Parks
• This eliminates all e-bikes and e-moto from parks all the time
Pros
Simple
Easy to enforce
Cons
Very restrictive
Does not address street riding concerns from residents

QUESTIONS?