Open Meeting Law Presentation

City of Chandler — Regular Meeting (2022-02-09)

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Board and Commissions
Open Meeting Law

Open Meeting Law 
A.R.S. 38-431 et. seq.
A.R.S. 38-431.09 - Public's business
must be done in public
Properly noticed meetings
Posted agenda
Quorum must be present for a
meeting to be held
24 hours notice except for an actual
emergency

Public Bodies 
All Public Bodies must comply with the Open Meeting Law
"Public Body" includes:
 
City Council 
Boards and commissions of the City
All corporations and other instrumentalities whose boards of
directors are appointed or elected by the City Council (i.e.,
Municipal Property Corp.)
All quasi-judicial bodies of the City (i.e. Board of Adjustment
Standing, special or advisory committees or subcommittees of
the City (i.e. Council subcommittees)
Public Bodies do not include:
 
Staff meetings 
Staff appointed committees that advise staff 
Single department head

What is a 
Meeting?
• A meeting occurs ANY TIME
a quorum of the public body
discusses, proposes, or
takes legal action.
• Can be a traditional meeting
or an electronic meeting.

How Do We Have a Legal Meeting?
Agenda MUST include:
Date, time and place
Description of matters to be discussed
or decided (or where an agenda can
be obtained)
Agenda MAY include:
Unscheduled public appearances 
Report on current events from chair
members and staff person in charge
Post an agenda in the official posting places and website at least
24 hours in advance.

Unscheduled Public Appearances 
Citizens may only address the
public body on issues in its
jurisdiction 
No discussion
Members of the public body may
respond to criticism, ask staff to
review a matter, or request a
future agenda item

Employment, discipline
or resignation of public
officer, appointee or
employee
Obtain legal advice
Contract
negotiations or 
litigation
When Can a Public Body Meet in Private?
Negotiations for
purchase, sale or lease
of real property
Discuss records exempt
by law from public
inspection
Employee organization
negotiations
Executive Sessions - A.R.S. 38-431.03
Discussion regarding
security and critical
infrastructure

Executive Sessions 
Minutes must be kept but are confidential
from inspection (except in the case of an
investigation)
No legal action may be taken in executive
session
May instruct attorneys regarding
contracts, litigation, and settlement
discussions
May instruct representatives regarding
purchase of real property
May instruct representatives regarding
negotiations with employee organizations

Can we discuss matters not 
on the agenda?

Minutes 
Description of matters discussed, all legal
actions proposed, discussed or taken,
including members who propose each
motion and the vote of each member
Names of persons making
statements or presenting to
the public body
The official record of meetings. 
Draft minutes must be available within 3 working days and must include:
Members present 
or absent
Date, time and place

Discuss and/or take action on items 
not listed on agenda
Attending other meetings
Serial meeting—a series of
gatherings of less than a quorum
Forwarding or reply all to emails
Social Media and A.R.S. § 38-431.09
Not providing sufficient detail 
on an agenda
Open Meeting Pitfalls

Serial 
Meetings or 
Splintering 
the Quorum
It is not necessary for a public body to communicate simultaneously in order for a meeting to occur. A
series of gatherings of less than a quorum MAY constitute a meeting if City business is discussed.
This means that if a councilmember talks to two other councilmembers about City business and then one
of those councilmembers talks to another councilmember about the same thing, a meeting has taken
place but no notice or agenda so OML violation.

Serial Meetings Continued
 Under A.R.S. § 38-431.09, you may express your opinion or discuss an issue
with the public personally, through the media, or through technological
means, IF…
(1) the opinion or discussion is
not principally directed at or
directly given to another
member of the public body 
(2) there is no concerted plan to
engage in collective
deliberation to take legal action

Emails 
When you use e-mails to discuss City business, care must be taken
not to violate the Open Meeting Law as e-mails can easily create a
meeting inadvertently by:
An e-mail to a quorum of the public body proposing legal action
An e-mail exchange of facts and/or opinions if it is foreseeable
that the topic may come before the public body for action
Forwarding or responding to e-mails involving a majority of the
council — be careful of chain e-mails
REMEMBER DO NOT REPLY ALL!

It is NOT a violation of the Open Meeting Law
when there is a gathering of a quorum of the
public body, i.e., a wedding, but DO NOT talk
about City business.
Members of public bodies should not post or comment
on each other’s website or municipal websites where
those comments could be interpreted as proposing
legal action or discussion or deliberation/decisions on
City issues. These types of postings would violate the
Open Meeting Law because they would be
“meetings”h.
Social Media and Social Events

What Happens if We Violate the 
Open Meeting Law?
A.R.S. 38.431.07
Actions taken are null and void
The Attorney General may investigate
A public official may be removed from office
$500/day civil penalty
Costs for enforcement may be assessed
Public monies can not be used for legal
counsel

Conflict of 
Interest

How Do You Know if You Have a 
Conflict of Interest?
Pecuniary Interest—will you 
gain or lose something of value 
from your decision?
 
If so, is your pecuniary interest 
remote or substantial?
 
If it is substantial, then you 
have a conflict!

How Do You Know if You Have a 
Conflict of Interest?
Common Remote Interests A.R.S. 38-502(10)
The interest of a non-salaried officer of a non-profit corporation
The interest of an attorney of a contracting party
The ownership of less than three percent of the shares of a corporation for profit 
The interest of a public officer or employee in being reimbursed for his actual and
necessary expenses incurred in the performance of official duty
The interest of a recipient of public services generally provided by the City
The interest of a member of a trade, business, occupation, profession or class of
persons consisting of at least ten members which is no greater than the interest of the
other members of the trade, business, occupation or profession or class of persons

Fill out a disclosure 
form
What To Do if You Have a 
Conflict of Interest?
No discussion or 
action
Make conflict 
known
Avoid any appearance 
of influence

Conflict of Interest Law Violations 
A.R.S. 38-510
Civil suit may be filed
Court may award attorney’s fees
Class VI Felony—intentional or knowingly
Class I Misdemeanor—reckless or
negligent
Forfeiture of office
Cancellation of contract – A.R.S. §38-511

Public Records

What is a Record?
Evidence of the organization and all of its decisions, procedures,
functions, and operations
Made or received by any governmental agency
 Informational or historical data
Any medium or format 
Library or museum material solely for reference or exhibition
Extra copies for convenience or reference
Stocks of publications for sale or distribution
What is not a Record?

Email is a Public Record
It is important to understand
that electronic communications
are public record and may be
provided in response to a public
records request or a subpoena. 
Records are categorized by their
content and not the format or
medium in which they are
created.

Please note that not all emails are 
records. However, if an email meets the 
definition of a record then it must be 
kept according to the State Retention 
Schedules.

Members of Public
Bodies
Employees of Public
Officers and Public
Bodies
Includes Council, Board,
Commission, Subcommittee
Members 
Who Has to Comply with Public 
Records Laws?

Questions?