Attachment A - Exhibit A - Second Draft PreserveHistoricPHX.pdf
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Histoic Presevatio Plan | 2025 Histoic Presevatio Plan | 2025 Preseve Preseve PHX PHX H I S T O R I C 2 ATTACHMENT A - EXHIBIT A - SECOND DRAFT - October 23, 2025 Preseve Preseve PHX PHX H I S T O R I C Cover images courtesy of Larry Mischler -2- -2- Mayor Kate Gallego City Council Members District 1: Vice Mayor Ann O’Brien District 2: Councilmember Jim Waring District 3: Councilmember Deborah Stark District 4: Councilmember Laura Pastor District 5: Councilmember Betty Guardado District 6: Councilmember Kevin Robinson District 7: Councilmember Anna Hernandez District 8: Councilmember Kesha Hodge Washington City Manager’s Office Jeffrey Barton, City Manager Alan Stephenson, Deputy City Manager Historic Preservation Commission Tricia Amato, Chair Francesca Miller, Vice Chair Dan Garcia Chad Gestson Dan Klocke Christina Noble Brenda Thomson Keely Varvel-Hartsell Planning & Development Department Joshua Bednarek, Director Historic Preservation Office Helana Ruter, Historic Preservation Officer Kevin Weight, Principal Planner Jodey Elsner, Planner II Maura Jackson, Planner II Emma Collins, Planner I Cletus Montoya, Planner I Bridget Collins, Secretary III City Archaeologist Christopher Schwartz, Ph.D. Editing and Layout by City Clerk Department Printing, Design & Mailing Services Acknowledgments -3- -3- Contents Acknowledgments................................................................................................ 3 Contents...............................................................................................................4 Land Acknowledgment.........................................................................................5 Executive Summary .............................................................................................6 Purpose of the Plan ..............................................................................................9 Public Benefits of Historic Preservation............................................................ 10 Legal Basis for Historic Preservation ................................................................ 12 Preservation in Phoenix: A Timeline.................................................................. 16 Phoenix Historic Preservation Program............................................................23 Plan Accomplishments and Evolution................................................................32 Current Preservation Planning..........................................................................39 Moving Forward (Vision Statement).................................................................48 With Connections to the Past............................................................................50 Mission Statement .............................................................................................53 Goal 1: Protect Archaeological Resources ........................................................54 Goal 2: Protect Historic Resources ...................................................................56 Goal 3: Explore Preservation Incentives ...........................................................58 Goal 4: Develop Community Awareness ...........................................................60 Goal 5: Promote Partnerships ...........................................................................62 Bibliography & Further Reading........................................................................64 PlaceEconomics Report (2023).........................................................................66 Archaeological Site Etiquette Guide................................................................ 106 -4- -4- Land Acknowledgment Land Acknowledgement Land Acknowledgement The City of Phoenix acknowledges that Phoenix is located within the homeland of the O’Odham and Piipaash peoples and their ancestors, who have inhabited this landscape from time immemorial to present day. The landscape is sacred and reflects cultural values central to the O’Odham and Piipaash way of life and their self-definition. This acknowledgment demonstrates our commitment to work in partnership with the ancestral Indigenous communities to foster understanding, appreciation and respect for this heritage. The Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community (SRPMIC) and the Gila River Indian Community (GRIC) claim aboriginal title (Original Indian Title) to lands exclusively used and occupied by the Akimel O’Odham and Piipaash equaling 3,751,000 acres of South Central Arizona. Ancestral O’Odham settlements are located throughout the entirety of present-day Phoenix. This land continues to be spiritually connected to the O’Odham of the SRPMIC and the GRIC, both of which are confederations of two unique cultures with their own languages, customs, cultures, religions and histories. Both the O’Odham and the Piipaash are oral history cultures and the song culture of these people are specifically tied to tangible places. These places can be natural landforms like the mountains that surround our valleys, but they also include archaeological sites because they are part of a cultural landscape associated with specific historic, cultural and religious values. Those places are tangible reminders to the O’Odham and Piipaash about shared attitudes, goals and practices that characterize who they are, where they belong and how they related to each other in the past, continuing today and into the future. The City of Phoenix has preserved and continues to steward several Ancestral O’Odham sites and landscapes and is committed to honor the vital meaning and intent of this land acknowledgment. -5- -5- PreserveHistoricPHX 2025 is an update to the City’s first comprehensive historic preservation plan, which was adopted by the Phoenix City Council in 2015. This document builds off the framework of the existing plan while providing space for new ideas and tools to guide the goals and objectives of the City’s historic preservation program over the coming decade. PreserveHistoricPHX 2025 pulls the threads from the past through to today to help us connect with our historic and cultural resources as they play a key role in the vision of PlanPHX, the City’s 2025 General Plan update, to become A More Connected Phoenix. PreserveHistoricPHX 2025 demonstrates the benefits of historic preservation as they relate to PlanPHX’s five core values: create a network of vibrant cores, centers and corridors; connect people and places; strengthen our local economy; celebrate our diverse communities and neighborhoods; and build the most sustainable desert city. This plan gives a summary of the legal basis for historic preservation, a timeline of past preservation efforts in the city and a brief overview of the City’s historic preservation program. PreserveHistoricPHX 2025 provides a summary of accomplishments achieved in historic preservation in Phoenix after the adoption of the 2015 plan, which set the stage for the current planning effort. Through a study completed by the internationally recognized historic preservation consulting firm, PlaceEconomics, titled Tools, Strategies, Policies, Incentives for Historic Preservation in Phoenix (see Appendix B), and a new public engagement process with Phoenix residents, it became clear that the five goals identified in the 2015 PreserveHistoricPHX plan are still relevant today. New opportunities to achieve these goals have emerged, and this plan update will propose new tools to move forward to achieve the vision of PreserveHistoricPHX 2025 over the next decade. Executive Summary -6- -6- Protect Archaeological Resources Protect Historic Resources Explore Preservation Incentives Develop Community Awareness Promote Partnerships Goal 1 Goal 2 Goal 3 Goal 4 Goal 5 Goals Executive Summary Executive Summary Protect Archaeological Resources Protect Historic Resources Explore Preservation Incentives Develop Community Awareness Promote Partnerships Goal 1 Goal 2 Goal 3 Goal 4 Goal 5 Goals -7- -7- -8- -8- PreserveHistoricPHX 2025 is a long-term vision for the City’s historic preservation program, identifying the goals and associated tools for shaping Phoenix’s continued growth over the next decade. This plan is a supplement to the General Plan for the City of Phoenix, PlanPHX 2025, and highlights how historic preservation and heritage resources, including buildings, structures, objects, sites, traditional cultural places (TCPs) and districts, are an integral part of the vision and core values of PlanPHX 2025. 1 The term Historic Preservation can be used to encompass the planning and management of cultural resources on a timeline of precontact (prehistoric and protohistoric or ethnohistoric), and historic periods (typology developed by archaeologists). Resources from the prehistoric and protohistoric periods are typically classified as “cultural” where those from the historic period are classified as “historic”. The term “heritage resources” is used to refer to both cultural and historic resources. What does the historic preservation plan do? PreserveHistoricPHX 2025 does the following: Í Provides the background for historic preservation and the City’s historic preservation program. Í Highlights the issues and concerns of residents and professionals regarding the preservation and enhancement of cultural and historic resources. Í Details the City’s historic preservation goals. Í Recommends the implementation of specific actions for achieving those goals. Í Guides future historic preservation projects and programs in the city. Create a Network of Vibrant Cores, Centers and Corridors Connect People & Places Strengthen our Local Economy Celebrate our Diverse Communities and Neighborhoods Build the Most Sustainable Desert City Purpose of the Plan Connections to History, Culture, Identity and the Material past are fundamental to the city's vision of creating A MORE CONNECTED PHOENIX. Purpose of the Plan Purpose of the Plan PreserveHistoricPHX 2025 pinpoints the ways in which heritage resources contribute to economic development, the growth of small and legacy-owned business, connectivity, neighborhood diversity, sustainability and building community and civic pride nesting into the five core values of PlanPhx 2025 to: -9- -9- Create a Network of Vibrant Cores, Center & Corridors The historic neighborhoods of Phoenix are dense—1,000 people per square mile more dense than residential neighborhoods in the rest of the city. Commercial areas with a concentration of heritage buildings, such as the historic Grand Avenue or Miracle Mile corridors, are magnets for small businesses, legacy businesses, and businesses in the creative and technology sectors. Legacy businesses—those in business for 25 years or longer—make up 12% of businesses in heritage commercial areas, versus 3% in the city overall. Connect People & Places Historic places—including buildings, landscapes, archaeological sites, memorials and public art—honor the contributions and experiences of previous generations and contribute to a sense of place as well as unique local cultures and identities. Heritage sites, parks and neighborhoods attract residents and visitors alike, connecting people to the places that make Phoenix special. Most of Phoenix’s historic neighborhoods and parks are located along public transit corridors. Residents of Phoenix’s historic districts live closer to museums, libraries and other cultural institutions compared to the city overall. Historic preservation offers numerous benefits to the people of Phoenix— cultural, economic and environmental. Sustaining our cultural heritage advances public goals including those set forth in the City’s General Plan, PlanPHX 2025. These goals and examples of how historic preservation contributes to them2 are noted below: Public Benefits of Historic Preservation 2 The examples are key findings in Preservation Phoenix Style: A Study of the Impacts of Historic Preservation in Phoenix, prepared by PlaceEconomics for the City of Phoenix, October 2021. -10- -10- Strengthen Our Local Economy During the real estate crisis which accompanied the Great Recession, foreclosure rates in historic neighborhoods were measurably lower than the rest of the city, a pattern that has continued in every year since. Even during recent years of a boom cycle in real estate, property values in historic districts have outperformed the city as a whole. Job growth rates for businesses in the creative and knowledge sectors, which prefer to locate in heritage areas and buildings, have all been higher over the past decade in heritage commercial areas than in the city as a whole. Phoenix’s heritage commercial areas are home to 20% of all jobs in arts, entertainment and recreation. Celebrate Our Diverse Communities & Neighborhoods Phoenix’s historic neighborhoods are great models of diversity, not only in architectural style or housing unit type, but also in resident demographics. As a share of housing stock, Phoenix’s historic districts have 6% of 2-to-4-unit structures versus 1% for the remainder of the city. A much wider range of housing unit options yields a diversity of housing and rent prices. Historic districts have both a slightly higher share of high income and low- income residents as compared to the city overall reflecting economic diversity. With rapid population growth between 2010 and 2020; Phoenix’s historic districts gained fewer white residents and lost fewer residents of other races than the rest of Phoenix, maintaining levels of population diversity in these areas. The city’s inventory of older housing stock is providing affordable housing largely without subsidy, likely due to its age, condition and smaller unit size. Build the Most Sustainable Desert City Phoenix’s historic neighborhoods are significantly more pedestrian, bike and transit friendly than the city has a whole. The tree cover typically found in historic areas has six times the value of air quality benefits per acre, five times the value of water saved and sequesters five times the carbon dioxide of the rest of the city. Reusing existing buildings encourages adaptive reuse and diverts waste from our landfills while also reducing carbon emissions that result from new construction. These are only some of the benefits that historic preservation offers to the people of Phoenix, demonstrating the synergy between conserving our heritage and other worthwhile goals like connectivity, economic prosperity, diversity and sustainability. Public Benefits of Historic Preservation Public Benefits of Historic Preservation -11- -11- Federal 1892 Casa Grande Reservation: President Benjamin Harrison proclaimed the 480 acres around Casa Grande (Siwañ Wa'a Ki) a prehistoric and cultural reserve – the first such designation in the United States. 1906 Antiquities Act: This was one of the first pieces of federal legislation aimed at protecting Precontact Native American sites and artifacts on federal lands in the American West. The act authorized permits for legitimate archaeological investigations and penalties for taking or destroying antiquities without permission. It also authorized the president to proclaim “historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures and other objects of historic or scientific interest” as national monuments. Legal Basis for Historic Preservation The legal basis for historic preservation is grounded in federal, state and local policy. Below is a summary of key historic preservation laws and programs that influence the work of the City of Phoenix Office of Historic Preservation. Arizona Historical Society, J.W. Hoover Lantern Slides Collection, Casa Grande Ruins -12- -12- 1916 National Park Service Organic Act: Congress created the National Park Service (NPS) with the passage of this law (16 U.S.C. l 2 3, and 4). A unit of the Department of the Interior, the NPS is the federal agency responsible for administering and implementing the National Historic Preservation Act, (see below). As the lead federal preservation agency, the NPS sets the standards and guidelines for identifying and treating historic and cultural resources, and it maintains the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) (see below). It also offers technical support and administers grant funding for state and tribal historic preservation offices and Native Hawaiian officials. 1935 Historic Sites Act: This act (Public Law 74-292) declared that “it is a national policy to preserve for public use historic sites, buildings and objects of national significance for the inspiration and benefit of the people of the United States.” The law authorized the NPS to research, survey and document historic and archaeologic sites. 1966 National Historic Preservation Act: President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) into law on October 15, 1966 (Public Law 89-665). The preamble to the law declared that the historical and cultural past of the nation should be preserved as ‘a living part’ of community life in order to ‘give a sense of orientation to the American people.’ The NHPA established the NRHP and led to the creation of state, county and municipal historic preservation programs nationwide. Section 106 of the NHPA ensures historic preservation review of any development project utilizing federal dollars, approval, or land. 1966 Department of Transportation Act: This policy intends to preserve natural and human-made sites along highway routes. Section 4(f) of this act specifies preservation responsibilities of the Secretary of Transportation. 1966 Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act: This act directs the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development “to assert an interest in historic preservation and reduce its Urban Renewal activities by clearing older buildings.” It encourages existing housing to be recycled and reused instead of demolished and replaced. U.S. Department of the Interior: The Department of the Interior (DOI) is the federal department responsible for establishing professional standards and providing advice on the preservation and protection of all cultural resources listed or eligible for listing in the NRHP. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties apply to all proposed development involving federal funds and are intended to be applied to a wide variety of resource types, including buildings, sites, structures, objects and districts. Many historic preservation programs across the United States base their state and local design guidelines on these federal standards. Certified Local Government Program: Amendments to the NHPA in 1980 broadened the federal-state preservation partnership to include local partners (towns, cities and counties), which led to the creation of the national Certified Local Government (CLG) program. This federal program is administered by the NPS, while the CLG is typically a local historic preservation office or planning department. CLGs must have established a preservation ordinance and a formalized means of identifying, registering and protecting cultural resources within their boundaries. These certified governments perform much of the historic property survey work in Arizona. There are 30 cities and one county (Pima) in Arizona with certified historic preservation programs; Phoenix became a CLG in 1988. Legal Basis for Historic Preservation Legal Basis for Historic Preservation -13- -13- Advisory Council on Historic Preservation: The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) is an independent federal agency that “promotes the preservation, enhancement and sustainable use of our nation’s diverse historic resources3 , and advises the President and Congress on national historic preservation policy.” The ACHP administers Section 106 of the NHPA, offers trainings and conducts outreach. State Arizona State Museum: In 1893, the Arizona Territorial Legislature created the first and largest anthropology museum in the Southwest—the Arizona State Museum. The museum is the state’s official permitting agency for archaeological and paleontological projects and the official archaeological repository. It administers the Arizona Antiquities Act and helps state and federal agencies enforce related legislation. Arizona Antiquities Act: In 1927 the state legislature passed an antiquities act which required that fifty percent of archaeological artifacts or fossils recovered from sites on federal or state land be deposited in a public museum in the state of Arizona and established the requirement for persons or corporations to obtain a permit from the University of Arizona and the relevant county board of supervisors prior to survey or excavation. The legislature amended the act in 1960 giving oversight to the Arizona State Museum which was authorized to create regulations and professional standards for archaeological practice. Further amendments were made to the law in 1973 and 1990. Arizona State Parks Board: In 1957, preservationists were part of a coalition that successfully lobbied the state legislature to create the Arizona State Parks Board. While the Parks Board focused primarily on acquiring parks and establishing camping, picnicking and other recreational services, prominent Arizona historian and Parks Board member Bert Fireman persuaded the board to include several historic sites among the first state parks. Arizona State Historic Preservation Office: The NHPA mandated the creation of state historic preservation offices (SHPOs) that would work with the NPS and the ACHP to establish a list of properties important to the nation’s history. The act also mandated state historic preservation offices to work with federal agencies on preventing the destruction of these properties and on administering a program of grants-in-aid to ensure the properties’ preservation. Arizona Governor Samuel Pearson Goddard, Jr. (1965-1967), appointed Arizona State Parks Director Dennis McCarthy as the first state historic preservation officer. State Historic Preservation Plan: Preparation of the first statewide historic preservation plan began in 1969. The National Park Service approved Arizona’s Interim Plan for Historic Preservation in December 1970, which allowed the state to continue receiving its allocation from the Historic Preservation Fund. This plan established a process for identifying and nominating properties within Arizona to the NRHP. Arizona Register of Historic Places: The Arizona State Legislature established the Arizona Register of Historic Places in 1974. This is the state’s register of historic sites, buildings, structures, objects and districts. The list is administered by the SHPO. -14- -14- State Historic Property Tax Reclassification Program: This program began in 1979 and encourages preservation in the private sector by reducing tax assessments for owner-occupied residential and income producing properties. State Historic Preservation Act: This act, signed in 1982, encouraged the preservation of historic resources by state agencies and expanded the role of SHPO to include reviewing plans by state agencies to determine whether such plans would adversely affect historic properties. Municipal Planning: In Arizona, historic preservation is accomplished through the zoning power, which allows local governments to regulate the use of property. State legislation [Arizona Revised Statutes, Section 9-462.01(A)(10)] enables cities, towns and counties to pass zoning regulations, including for the purpose of establishing districts of historical significance. Local Phoenix Historic Preservation Ordinance: In 1984, Mayor Terry Goddard and the City Council created an Ad Hoc Committee on Historic Preservation, which recommended, among other things, the adoption of a city historic preservation ordinance. Adopted in 1985, the preservation ordinance (Chapter 8 of the City’s Zoning Ordinance) provided for the establishment of historic preservation overlay zoning and spelled out the duties of the Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) and Historic Preservation Office (HPO). Historic Preservation Commission: Appointed by the City Council, the HPC is composed of nine individuals with demonstrated special interest, knowledge or experience in historic preservation. At least one member of the commission must fulfill each of the following roles: registered architect, real estate professional, archaeologist, and historian. Phoenix Historic Property Register: The ordinance also codified the criteria for listing properties, the effects of historic-preservation zoning, the processes for reviewing projects for Certificates of No Effect and Certificates of Appropriateness, and the steps necessary when considering a property for demolition and/or removal from its original site. Legal Basis for Historic Preservation Legal Basis for Historic Preservation -15- -15- Phoenix’s diverse communities have preserved their history, culture and sacred places in a multitude of ways over time, both within and outside of formal preservation programs. The following is a timeline of key events that have shaped preservation policy in Phoenix today. It is not a comprehensive list of all preservation activities that have occurred within the city. 4 Preservation in Phoenix: A Timeline 1924: A group of Phoenicians, with the help of U.S. Senator Carl Hayden, purchases 13,000 acres from the federal government to create what is now known as South Mountain Park and Preserve. The park is home to thousands of petroglyphs created by the Huhugam and their descendants, the ancestral O’Odham. 1924-1929: The City of Phoenix acquires a Huhugam (Hohokam era) platform mound and the surrounding Park of Four Waters, which contains the remains of major irrigation canals built by the Huhugam on the north side of the Salt River. Opening in 1929 as the Pueblo Grande Museum (now S'eḏav Va'aki Museum), it is an archaeological site museum and repository open to the public. 1938: Pioneers’ Cemetery Association (PCA) forms to preserve the seven historic cemeteries near the State Capitol Complex. The original PCA disbanded at the onset of World War II but was reestablished in 1983. South Mountain Park & Preserve 4 "A comprehensive history of preservation in Phoenix can be found in the 2015 PreserveHistoricPHX plan." -16- -16- 1942: The City of Phoenix and Arizona State Museum initiate the preservation and restoration of an adobe building believed to be the home of Phoenix pioneer Darrell Duppa but was more likely a barn built by subsequent property owner John B. Montgomery to support his farming operations there. 1954: The Camelback Improvement Association forms in opposition to construction on Camelback Mountain. 1966: Congress passes the National Historic Preservation Act, and the Arizona SHPO is established. Pueblo Grande (now S'eḏav Va’aki) is the first property in Phoenix to be added to the National Register of Historic Places and is designated as a National Historic Landmark. 1968: Camelback Mountain is donated to the City of Phoenix after a successful campaign led by Barry Goldwater and the Save Camelback Mountain Foundation. 1972: Funding to protect urban mountains as parks is allocated through a voter- approved bond. 1976: Heritage Square in downtown Phoenix is established as part of the National Bicentennial Celebration; the Junior League of Phoenix and former Phoenix Mayor John Driggs lead the effort. Arizona: Past & Future Foundation is created in opposition to proposed freeway construction plans and with the purpose of preserving historic and archaeological resources along the route. Rosson House Preservation in Phoenix: A Timeline Preservation in Phoenix: A Timeline -17- -17- 1978: The City adopts the Special Conservation District Ordinance, which created a mechanism for neighborhoods to have an organized voice in planning their growth. 1979: The state’s first preservation nonprofit organization, the Arizona Preservation Foundation, is established to promote and protect Arizona’s historic resources. The Phoenix Historic Building Survey is completed. 1983: The Roosevelt and Encanto-Palmcroft neighborhoods are listed on the National Register, the first residential historic districts to be designated in Phoenix. 1984: Phoenix Mayor Terry Goddard assembles the Phoenix Ad Hoc Committee on Historic Preservation, which spurs the formation of Phoenix’s historic preservation program the following year. The Junior League completes the Historic Phoenix Commercial Properties Survey. 1985: City Council adopts a local historic preservation ordinance that establishes the Phoenix Historic Preservation Commission and the Phoenix Historic Properties Register. The Historic Preservation Commission is formed and holds its first meeting. City Council approves a temporary ban on razing historic buildings listed on the National Register. Encanto-Palmcroft -18- -18- 1986: The City’s first Historic Preservation Officer is hired. The first three historic districts (Roosevelt, Coronado and Phoenix Union High School), as well as 15 individual properties, are listed on the Phoenix Historic Properties Register. 1989: City Council passes a provision requiring review of demolition permits for structures older than 50 years old, although it is later removed due to concerns about its impact on private property rights. Voters approve $15 million in bond funds for historic preservation. The funds allow the City to hire new staff members, purchase and stabilize Tovrea Castle and establish new programs to provide grants to owners of historic buildings. 1990: The Phoenix Historic Preservation Office creates the Exterior Rehabilitation Assistance, Demonstration Project and Low-Income Historic Housing Rehabilitation grant programs with remaining bond funds. A voter initiative creates the Arizona State Parks Heritage Fund. 1992: The Arizona Heritage Alliance forms to protect, preserve and enhance Arizona’s historic, cultural and natural heritage. Its focus is to protect the Arizona State Parks Heritage Fund. Tovrea Castle Preservation in Phoenix: A Timeline Preservation in Phoenix: A Timeline -19- -19- 1993: Historic Homes of Phoenix: An Architectural Guide is published. It wins the 1994 Governor’s Award for Historic Preservation in the education category. 1996: The City acquires Phoenix Indian School, a Bureau of Indian Affairs-operated school from 1891 to 1990. Three of the school’s 29 structures are spared from demolition during the creation of a 73-acre park known as Steele Indian School Park and are added to the National Register of Historic Places. The same year, the George Washington Carver Museum and Cultural Center is established to honor and share African American heritage, art, and culture in Phoenix. 1997: The City of Phoenix is presented with a National Preservation Honor Award for its Bond Program, which is recognized as the “largest municipal historic preservation fund in the nation.” The Phoenix Historic Neighborhoods Coalition forms, initially meeting as a group of just a few historic neighborhoods and going on to obtain non- profit status in 2013. 2000: The City Council requests that the City Manager appoint a panel of citizens to perform a comprehensive review of the City's Historic Preservation Program, which is now 15 years old. The Ad Hoc Historic Preservation Advisory Panel meets over the course of a year and forwards a set of recommendations to the City Council, 11 of which are formally adopted. 2001: Phoenix voters approve an additional $14.2 million in bond funds for the City’s Historic Preservation Program. Steele Indian School Park -20- -20- Japanese Free Methodist/ Vietnamese United Baptist 2004: City completes a survey of African American historic properties, initiated at the urging of the Ad Hoc Historic Preservation Advisory Panel. Modern Phoenix Neighborhood Network is founded. 2005: A coalition of advocates led by the Arizona Asian American Association fights to save the Sun Mercantile Building, one of the last remaining historic Chinese groceries in downtown Phoenix. 2006: The Hispanic Historic Property Survey is completed. Another round of bond funding is approved, allocating $13.1 million to historic preservation and establishing the Warehouse & Threatened Building grant program. Arizona voters pass Proposition 207, the Private Property Rights Protection Act, which curtailed historic designation activities. 2007: The Historic Preservation Office completes a survey of Asian American historic properties in Phoenix In 1932, the Arizona Free Methodist Church for Japanese opened across the street from the Japanese Hall on Indian School Road east of 43rd Avenue. Upon the relocation of Japanese Americans during WWII toMayer and Poston Internment camps, the church’s congregation was split. After the war ended, the church returned to order. In 1965, a new church was built a block north of its original location. The congregation relocated classrooms and a social hall from their former Indian School location to their new two-acre property at 4143 N 43rd Avenue and constructed a new church sanctuary. The Vietnamese United Baptist Church acquired the property in 2016. Preservation in Phoenix: A Timeline Preservation in Phoenix: A Timeline -21- -21- 2011: Midcentury Marvels: Commercial Architecture of Phoenix 1945-1975 is published and wins the Governor’s Heritage Preservation Grand Honor Award. 2012: Preserve PHX is formed partly due to the urgency created by the threatened demolition of the David and Gladys Wright House. The organization is a grassroots network of advocates for the protection of historic places throughout Phoenix. Members of Modern Phoenix create the Postwar Architecture Task Force of Greater Phoenix. 2015: City Council approves Phoenix’s first comprehensive Historic Preservation Plan. 2016: City of Phoenix enacts a citywide 30-day demolition hold for commercial properties 50 years of age or older and for properties previously determined eligible for the Phoenix Register of Historic Places. It is later amended with the 2018 building code adoption to include all properties over 50 years in the Downtown Code Area. 2021: City Council adopts the PlaceEconomics Report Preservation Phoenix Style which documents the historic preservation efforts of the City and the positive impacts that historic preservation has had on the community. City Council also appropriates $200,000 from the General Fund to renew the Exterior Rehabilitation Grant Program. 2022: City Council appropriates $500,000 from the General Fund to renew the Threatened Building Grant Program (renamed the Phil Gordon Threatened Building Grant program in 2023). Rehabilitation begins on Santa Rita Hall, the site of Cesar Chavez’s 24-day fast in 1972 during which he protested new anti-union legislation in Arizona, a policy harmful to U.S. farmworkers. The building was listed on the Phoenix Historic Property Register in 2007. 2023: Voters approve an additional $5 million in historic preservation bond funds for capital improvements to City-owned historic buildings and to renew the historic preservation grant programs. Pueblo Grande Museum and Archaeological Park is renamed S'eḏav Va'aki Museum, which means “Central Vahki” in O’Odham, referring to the large platform mound preserved at the site. The renaming highlights the connection that the site has with both the Ancestral Sonoran Desert People and the native communities that currently live around the Phoenix metropolitan area, including local O'Odham and Piipaash communities. -22- -22- Historic Property Inventory, Surveys and Contexts As of October 2024, the City of Phoenix’s inventory of historic properties consisted of 988 entries, made up of approximately 10,000 individual resources – buildings, structures, sites, objects and districts. The inventory includes properties listed on both the PHPR and the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). It also includes properties that have been recommended eligible for listing but have not yet been added to a historic register. The inventory is housed in a geodatabase, which is maintained by City staff and available to the public online through Phoenix’s My Community Map and Open Data Portal.5 New properties are added to the inventory primarily through the completion of historic property surveys. Depending on the purpose of the survey, it may attempt to identify every eligible historic property in the survey area, or it may focus on the eligibility of properties relating to a particular theme (such as commerce, agriculture, or ethnic heritage). The historic context is a key component to the survey, as it provides the basis for evaluating the significance of properties identified in the survey. Each context is based on a specific theme and the geographical and chronological limits of that theme. Without historic contexts and their accompanying surveys, proper identification and evaluation of historic properties could not take place. Phoenix Historic Property Register Properties listed on the PHPR are rezoned with a Historic Preservation (HP) or Historic Preservation-Landmark (HP-L) zoning overlay. The landmark designation is used to recognize exceptionally significant historic properties. The procedures to establish an HP or HP-L overlay are described in Sections 807 and 808 of the Phoenix Zoning Ordinance. HP and HP-L rezoning applications are presented to the Historic Preservation Commission, Village Planning Committee, Planning Commission and City Council at public hearings; the City Council makes the final decision to designate properties and list them in the PHPR. Once rezoning is approved, the properties are formally protected through a special permit review process administered by the HPO. These properties are also eligible for financial incentives offered by the City of Phoenix. A total of 36 residential historic districts, 9 non-residential historic districts (4 of which are landmarks) and 232 individually listed properties (12 of which are landmarks) have been listed in the PHPR since 1986. Phoenix Historic Preservation Program The Historic Preservation Office (HPO) works to protect and enhance historic neighborhoods, buildings and sites in Phoenix. The HPO works closely with the Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) to identify and designate eligible properties and districts for listing on the Phoenix Historic Property Register (PHPR). Protection is provided to designated properties through City review and approval of exterior alterations to buildings and demolition requests. The HPO also administers Historic Preservation grant funds that support several financial assistance programs for historic properties. 5 The URL for My Community Map is https://www.phoenix.gov/pdd/mycommunitymap. The URL for the City of Phoenix Open Data Portal is https://www.phoenixopendata.com. Phoenix Historic Preservation Program Phoenix Historic Preservation Program -23- -23- Individual Historic Properties Non-Residential Historic Districts Residential Historic Districts -24- -24- National Register of Historic Places Properties are listed in the National Register through a nomination process. Information about preparing a National Register nomination is described in the “How to Complete the National Register Registration Form” bulletin published by the National Park Service. Nominations for properties located in the city of Phoenix are reviewed by the City Historic Preservation Office, the State Historic Preservation Office, the Arizona Historic Sites Review Committee, and the Keeper of the NRHP (located in Washington D.C.) The Keeper ultimately determines whether a property is historic and should be listed in the register. Contributors to National Register listed districts and individually listed properties are eligible for the Arizona State Historic Property Tax Reclassification Program. The HPO launched its efforts to identify and set evaluation requirements for post-World War II resources in Phoenix by contracting for a multi-family property historic context covering the period from 1945-1980. The context identified factors that shaped the development of multi-family housing as well as the prominent types of housing, duplex to high rises, and architectural styles. The document provides an analytical framework for the identification and evaluation of historic-age properties for eligibility for designation in the PHPR. Phoenix Historic Preservation Program Phoenix Historic Preservation Program -25- -25- Design Review The HPO recognizes that change is inevitable and that some alterations to historic properties can support their viability and longevity. Design review is a critical part of protecting those elements of historic properties and districts that make them unique and important while charting a fair process that allows for sensitive alterations. For properties within a historic preservation overlay district, the HPO reviews all exterior work that requires a building permit. For construction projects, there are two types of approvals: a Certificate of No Effect and a Certificate of Appropriateness. A Certificate of No Effect may be issued for minor work that does not materially change the historic character of the property and is clearly within the adopted design guidelines for historic properties. These certificates are frequently approved at the time of the initial request. A Certificate of Appropriateness is required if the proposed work will make material changes that may alter, diminish, eliminate or affect the historic or architectural character of the property in any way. Larger additions and street-visible changes fall into this category. These certificates require a pre-application meeting and a public hearing to determine whether the proposed project meets the “General Design Guidelines for Historic Preservation” and the “Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation” (links in Appendix A). The HPO also reviews Requests for Demolition as part of its design review responsibilities. 30-Day Demolition Hold All buildings in the City’s inventory of historic properties, all commercial properties at least 50 years old, and all buildings 50 years old or older in the Downtown Code area are subject to a 30-day hold prior to demolition. During the 30-day hold staff conducts research as necessary to make a recommendation of eligibility for historic designation which is circulated to the members of the HPC and historic preservation advocacy organizations. Technical Advice The HPO provides information about preserving, rehabilitating and restoring historic buildings. Staff offers technical advice on preservation projects to help identify and determine the best approach for resolving common issues before beginning work. The HPO also publishes guides for historic-property owners on such topics as the appropriate treatment for historic window repairs, masonry cleaning and repointing, paint removal and wood shingle roofs. In addition, the NPS publishes Preservation Briefs that address treatment of various traditional building materials, specific architectural features, the reuse of different building types and broader themes such as how to understand architectural character and make historic buildings accessible. National Historic Preservation Act, Section 106 Review Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (as amended 2004) requires federal agencies to consider the effects on historic properties of projects they carry out, assist, permit, license or approve (undertakings). The Phoenix HPO completes these assessments to identify and evaluate historic properties, assess the effects of their undertakings on historic properties, and attempt to negotiate an outcome that will balance project needs and historic preservation values. The HPO coordinates with other City departments such as Neighborhood Services, Housing, Street Transportation and Aviation, to complete the reviews to ensure the City’s future access to federal funding opportunities and maintain the City’s compliance with Section 106. -26- -26- City Council has set aside $200,000 of general fund monies to fund this program since 2021 with 37 approved applications between 2021 and 2023. The property owner at 1622 W Wilshire Drive was awarded grant funds to assist with the rehabilitation of historic steel casement windows. Phoenix Historic Preservation Program Phoenix Historic Preservation Program -27- -27- Grants and Incentives There are several financial incentive programs available to preserve and rehabilitate historic buildings and properties: Exterior Rehabilitation Assistance Program This program helps residents sensitively rehabilitate the exteriors of historic homes while promoting reinvestment in Phoenix’s historic neighborhoods. Owners of historic homes, either in City-designated historic districts or individually listed on the Phoenix Historic Property Register, are eligible to apply. The program reimburses owners on a 50/50 matching basis for pre-approved work up to $20,000. In exchange for receiving financial assistance, the owner sells the City a conservation easement to protect the building’s exteriors. Demonstration Project Program This program encourages the exterior rehabilitation of significant historic properties used for multi-family residential, commercial, or institutional purposes. The program provides funding on a reimbursement basis for exterior work that preserves and rehabilitates historic buildings and supports adaptive use projects that keep a historic building economically viable. The program pays 100 percent for grant-eligible work items, provided that the property owner is funding an equal amount of work for non- grant-eligible work items (such as plumbing, mechanical or electrical repairs). In exchange for financial assistance, the property owner conveys to the City a conservation easement to protect the historic character of the property’s exteriors. Phil Gordon Threatened Building Program This program helps property owners rehabilitate the exteriors of threatened historic buildings and historic downtown warehouses and to return them to a viable use. Eligible buildings are either historic commercial buildings located in the downtown warehouse overlay district or are City-designated historic buildings located elsewhere in the city that are threatened either by their deteriorated condition or by possible demolition. The program pays 100 percent for grant-eligible work items and no matching funds are required. In exchange for financial assistance, the property owner conveys to the City a conservation easement to protect the historic character of the property's exteriors. State, Federal and Other Incentives The state and federal governments as well as public and private foundations have developed incentives to assist in the restoration, maintenance, and rehabilitation of historic resources. Arizona State Historic Property Tax Reclassification Program The State of Arizona maintains a property tax reduction program for residential non- income-producing properties listed on the NRHP and a property tax incentive program for income-producing commercial properties listed on the National Register. The SHPO, in conjunction with the county assessors, administers this program. -28- -28- Arizona Heritage Fund Restored by the Arizona Legislature in 2020, the Historic Preservation focus of the Arizona Heritage Fund is to provide public funding for preservation planning and rehabilitation projects. The funds are available for resources listed in or determined eligible for listing in the Arizona Register of Historic Places and NRHP. Funds are available when legislatively appropriated. Federal Historic Preservation Tax Incentive The NPS administers financial incentive programs for historic buildings in partnership with the AZ SHPO and the Internal Revenue Service. This includes a 20 percent rehabilitation tax credit on federal income taxes for certified historic building rehabilitation projects. For these projects, buildings must be listed or eligible for listing in the NRHP and comply with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation. National Trust for Historic Preservation The National Trust, through its financial assistance programs, demonstrates that preserving our heritage improves the quality of life in American communities. The National Trust’s grant and loan programs have assisted thousands of innovative preservation projects that protect the continuity, diversity and beauty of our communities. New Market Tax Credits The New Markets Tax Credit Program is a federal government program that was established by Congress in 2000 to encourage investments in locating businesses and real estate projects in low-income communities. The program attracts investment capital by permitting individual and corporate investors to receive a tax credit against their federal income tax return in exchange for making equity investments in specialized financial institutions called “community development entities.” Historic buildings are part of what make neighborhoods unique, and preserving these buildings can spur economic activity as developers create jobs to revitalize aging properties – on Historic Tax Credit program – J.P. Morgan Chase Phoenix Historic Preservation Program Phoenix Historic Preservation Program -29- -29- Outreach Outreach is critical to fostering a more informed and engaged community that understands the benefits of preservation and supports the activities and initiatives that result in the protection of our city’s resources. HPO outreach efforts include the following: Outreach is also achieved through collaborations with partner organizations and the 36 residential historic districts within the city. Such organizations include the Arizona Preservation Foundation, the Phoenix Historic Neighborhood Coalition, Modern Phoenix, the Downtown Voices Coalition, Phoenix Community Alliance, Preserve Phoenix, and the State Historic Preservation Office. Archaeology Since 1929, the City of Phoenix has had a City archaeologist. The City Archaeology Office (CAO) is located at the S'eḏav Va’aki Museum and is part of the Arts and Culture Department. Archaeological investigations are required for development projects in the state of Arizona whenever there is state or federal funding, permitting or licensing involved. In addition, state law (Arizona Revised Statutes, Sections 41-844 and 41-865) strictly regulates the removal and disposition of human remains and funerary objects, both on private and public lands. The City of Phoenix Zoning Ordinance (Section 802.A) acknowledges the significance of archaeological resources within the city: It is hereby declared as a matter of public policy that the protection, enhancement and preservation of properties and areas of historical, cultural, archaeological and aesthetic significance are in the interests of the health, prosperity and welfare of the people of the City of Phoenix. It is further intended to recognize past needless losses of historic properties which had substantial value to the historical and cultural heritage of the citizens of Phoenix, and to take reasonable measures to prevent similar losses in the future. The ordinance also states the following (Section 802.B.2): With respect to archaeological resources: a) To encourage identification of the location of both pre-historic and historic archaeological resources. b) To assist with the preservation of these resources, within developments where appropriate, and with recovery of the resources where applicable. c) To encourage recognition of the fact that archaeological resources found on public land are the property of all citizens, and are not private property. Archaeological resources found on City-owned lands are the property of the City. Í Publications on topics in preservation including books, brochures, newsletters and pamphlets. Í Workshops such as proper rehabilitation techniques for a historic home. Í Presence at historic-home tours by staffing a booth at the event. Í Attendance at neighborhood and preservation organization meetings. Í Information on the City website. Í Use of social media such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Í Events and celebrations during National Preservation Month. -30- -30- Responsibilities of the CAO are as follows: Í Monthly consultation meetings with the Gila River Indian Community and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community Tribal Historic Preservation Offices to understand and address the concerns of the O’Odham Tribes, who are culturally connected to the Phoenix area. Í Assessing development projects—those that are City-sponsored, are on City-owned land, or are undergoing planning review (including private development)—for potential impacts on archaeological resources. Í Coordinating the development of treatment plans if archaeological resource impacts are identified; treatment plans may involve excavations to examine and document subsurface deposits. Í Assisting private development projects with the archaeology process required for construction permit stipulations. Í Providing technical oversight for all City- sponsored archaeological projects, including those that involve federal agencies (e.g., Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Transit Administration, Federal Highway Administration and Federal Aviation Administration) and state agencies (e.g., Arizona State Land Department). Í Participating in State Historic Preservation Act and Section 106 consultation, providing guidance for the treatment of archaeological resources. Í Reviewing and ensuring the appropriateness of all archaeological fieldwork and technical reports of data recovery results within the City. Í Managing the S'eḏav Va’aki Museum publication series, including Anthropological Papers, Occasional Papers and Technical Reports. Í Coordinating the Arizona Site Steward Program for the City of Phoenix with the assistance of a Cultural Resource Ranger. The stewards document site vandalism, damage and other disturbances, and report it to the City Archaeologist, who then conducts a field visit and takes appropriate actions to prevent further damage. Í Coordinating the S'eḏav Va’aki Museum Platform Mound Stabilization Program. The S'eḏav Va’aki platform mound or va’aki is one of only two such remaining prehistoric structures that are preserved in the Salt River Valley. It is subject to erosion and destruction from wind and rain, and it requires routine stabilization activities that meet the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards. These activities are conducted by a team of volunteers. Í Conducting archaeological research for public exhibits and publications and interact with the media. S'eḏav Va’aki Museum produces exhibits and publications that require review, research, and written material from the City Archaeologist. The CAO works closely with descendant Tribes through monthly face to face consultation meetings with the Gila River Indian Community and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community Tribal Historic Preservation Offices. These meetings began with just City Archaeology and Repatriation compliance discussions and have since expanded to include discussions about museum programming, exhibits, and renaming initiatives. Tribal names are being considered for new housing developments. Several trails in the South Mountain Park and Preserve have been given new O’Odham names to replace inaccurate or offensive names. This collaboration also resulted in the renaming of the Pueblo Grande Museum to S'eḏav Va’aki Museum with museum mural art entitled “Legacy” created by Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community (SRPMIC) resident and enrolled Tohono O’odham Nation artist Thomas “Breeze” Marcus with the help of O’odham artists Dwayne Manuel (SRPMIC) and Zachary Justin (Gila River Indian Community). Phoenix Historic Preservation Program Phoenix Historic Preservation Program -31- -31- Plan Accomplishments and Evolution The 2025 PreserveHistoricPHX plan is an update to the existing historic preservation plan, the first of its kind in Phoenix, which was adopted in 2015 and identified five program goals: The City Archaeology Office (CAO), Historic Preservation Office (HPO), Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) and community made substantial headway in achieving aspects of these goals following plan adoption. A recent public survey revealed that the public perceives a nearly even level of successes across the goal categories. Protect Historic Resources Protect Historic Resources Protect Archaeological Resources Protect Archaeological Resources Explore Preservation Incentives Explore Preservation Incentives Promote Partnerships Promote Partnerships Develop Community Awareness Develop Community Awareness Program Goal Achievements Program Goal Achievements Public Survey Public Survey 19% 20% 24% 19% 18% Protect Archaeological Resources Protect Historic Resources Explore Preservation Incentives Develop Community Awareness Promote Partnerships -32- -32- What We've Done Together Protection of Archaeological Resources The CAO, in partnership with local tribal cultural resource officers, worked to facilitate a name change for Pueblo Grande, the large prehistoric village site where the CAO and the Pueblo Grande Museum are located. The name S'eḏav Va’aki (and S'eḏav Va’aki Museum), or Central Platform Mound in the O’Odham language, reflects the connection between the Hohokam era occupation of the Salt River Valley and the current O’Odham communities and their lineal relationship. A story map on S'eḏav Va’aki and its connections to the descendent O’Odham Tribes has been completed and is published online. The CAO and City HPO have retained a consultant to develop an ethnohistory and historiography to provide greater understanding of the continuum of indigenous occupation in the Phoenix basin. CAO commissioned a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) map of all known sites and surveys in South Mountain Park and Preserve and has worked to conduct surveys and cultural overviews for Phoenix Mountain and North Mountain Preserves, places of cultural significance to neighboring tribal communities. CAO has also worked with a group of volunteers to develop the Phoenix Mapping Archaeology Project, a GIS effort to digitize all features and excavations conducted at S'eḏav Va’aki and other large village sites along the Salt River. City archaeology guidelines were updated in 2020 and a new general citywide Historic Properties Treatment Plan for Archaeology was adopted in 2024. The new Treatment Plan includes an updated media policy, a protocol for obtaining permission to present technical project results at conferences and in publications, and requirements for how to provide GIS data to CAO upon project completion. Plan Accomplishments and Evolution Plan Accomplishments and Evolution -33- -33- Protection of Historic Resources The HPO, with significant community input, worked with the Planning and Development Department (PDD) leaders in 2016 to establish a 30-day demolition hold for commercial properties over 50 years of age and those properties previously identified eligible for historic designation. The code was revised in 2018 to incorporate all buildings over 50 years of age located within the Downtown Code zoning area. This is a public notification process which provides staff recommendations on designation eligibility of resources to the historic preservation commission and historic preservation advocacy organizations. In 2018, PDD created the publicly accessible My Community Map which is a geodatabase of property- specific information that identifies historically designated and eligible properties. This map allows residents and real estate professionals to have real time, accurate information to facilitate planning and engagement with the historic preservation office. The HPO contracted for the preparation of two National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) nominations for commercial historic districts, the Miracle Mile and Grand Avenue Commercial Historic Districts, which provide opportunities for federal, state and local financial incentives for rehabilitation. The historic preservation commission has prioritized survey and historic context development for post- World War II properties. The office has contracted for the development of post-war multi-family property, religious architecture and commercial building contexts, types of properties identified as threatened through ongoing management of the 30-day demolition hold process. The Grand Avenue Commercial Historic District was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2024. The district stretches along Grand Avenue between “Five Points” and “Six Points” and reflects commercial development in Phoenix spanning the period between 1887 and 1975 when commercial development waned upon completion of the Interstate 10. -34- -34- Explore Preservation Incentives The HPC advocated to the Mayor, City Council and City Manager’s Office for the dedication of general funds to replace the former historic preservation grant programs that had been funded through the 2006 municipal bond. The City Council appropriated $200,000 in funds for a Residential Exterior Rehabilitation Grant Program (offering matching grants up to $20,000) in 2021 and established $500,000 for a Threatened Building Grant Program in 2022, later renamed the Phil Gordon Threatened Building Program. As a result, 37 residential grants have been awarded for scopes of work such as foundation repair, roof replacement and historic window rehabilitation. Phil Gordon Threatened Building grants have been awarded to five different projects for work including masonry rehabilitation, roof replacement and building relocation. Phoenix citizens voted in the General Obligation Bond Fund election in November of 2023 to allocate $5 million toward a historic preservation program over the next five years to include capital improvement projects for City-owned historic buildings as well as funds to be dedicated towards grants for the rehabilitation of public and privately owned buildings. The historic First Baptist Church was subject to a massive fire in 1984 and over the next four decades, through the tireless efforts of Mayor Terry Goddard, the building was slowly rehabilitated for adaptive reuse as “The Abbey.” The property was awarded $137,000 in Phil Gordon Threatened Building grant funds towards the restoration of the Rose Window and interior decorative stucco pilasters. Plan Accomplishments and Evolution Plan Accomplishments and Evolution -35- -35- Develop Community Awareness The CAO, in partnership with local tribal cultural resource officers, created a land acknowledgement statement to strengthen preservation efforts as well as a homeland map depicting areas of significance to the O’Odham and introducing O’Odham place names for geographic features on the landscape. The HPO celebrated the 30th anniversary of the first historic designations in the Phoenix Historic Property Register in 2016 in a public event with Mayor Terry Goddard, who facilitated the establishment of the office, as an honored speaker. The last eight years have seen trivia nights, brown bags presentations, a historic neighborhood preservation summit and the development of the groundbreaking Preservation Phoenix Style report prepared by PlaceEconomics, which specifically looked at the impact of historic preservation in Phoenix. This report was adopted by the City Council and serves as a foundational reference work for other City departments. In 2020 and 2021, staff created three ethnic heritage story maps based on the African American, Hispanic and Asian American historic contexts originally developed between 2004 and 2007. These maps are available online and let the public engage virtually with ethnic heritage resources.6 These maps won both Governor’s Heritage and the Arizona Chapter of the American Planning Association awards. A video series accompanies these maps. The Fuller Paint Company Warehouse rehabilitation, which included the construction of a new hotel, demonstrates the successful partnering of the Government Property Lease Excise Tax (GPLET) program with historic preservation grant funding provided through the Phil Gordon Threatened Building Program. The historic warehouse building was adaptively reused as a lobby and dining area with a connecting element to a new multi-story hotel. This project won a Governor’s Heritage Award for historic preservation in 2024. 6 Historic Preservation Story Maps and Videos can be found here: Planning and Development Story Maps (phoenix.gov) -36- -36- Promote Partnerships The City of Phoenix HPO works in close partnership with the SHPO to further preservation, protection, and awareness of historic properties. The City successfully applied for a SHPO heritage fund grant for the rehabilitation of the historically designated Seargeant-Oldaker property located in downtown Phoenix, to be relocated and rehabilitated on site to create a restaurant. Partner advocacy organizations such as Arizona Preservation Foundation, Preserve PHX, Phoenix Historic Neighborhoods Coalition, Downtown Voices Coalition and Phoenix Community Alliance focus on a broad set of issues impacting historic properties and play a vital role in the community advocating for historic preservation issues. Historic Preservation collaborates with different departments within the City of Phoenix. The Community and Economic Development Department (CED) provides dedicated annual funding towards grants for the rehabilitation of commercial properties. Work with CED has seen advancement of the GPLET for historic preservation adaptive reuse projects which incorporate new development. There are 36 residential historic districts, the vast majority of which have formal neighborhood organizations. These organizations have served as partners to the HPO in maintaining the historic character of their neighborhoods and promoting preservation and fostering connectedness through newsletters, street festivals and community spaces. Grand Ave Festival Plan Accomplishments and Evolution Plan Accomplishments and Evolution -37- -37- -38- -38- Í Lack of Knowledge, Education, and Information Í Insufficient Community Engagement Í Development Pressure Í Existing Regulations Í Inadequacy of Existing Tools Current Preservation Planning Acknowledging there is historic preservation work yet to be done in Phoenix, the City commissioned the firm PlaceEconomics to identify ongoing challenges as well as innovative tools and strategies to further advance historic preservation goals in Phoenix. During focus group interviews in Phoenix, the firm asked the question: What are the challenges to historic preservation in Phoenix? Through the responses, the firm identified the following themes: The firm then researched tools and policies used by municipal and non-profit historic preservation organizations across the country to develop a series of recommendations which resulted in the aforementioned report Tools, Strategies, Policies, Incentives for Historic Preservation in Phoenix. The recommendations varied in complexity, cost, impact, effectiveness and likely stakeholder acceptance. This report served as the basis for a public participation process with city residents that included meetings and a public survey to facilitate the historic preservation plan update PreserveHistoricPHX 2025. Current Preservation Planning Current Preservation Planning -39- -39- Public Participation Meetings The HPO kicked off the public participation component of the historic preservation plan update at the first public meeting for the City’s 2025 General Plan update. This meeting was held on October 13, 2023, at the George Washington Carver Museum. A standalone historic preservation plan update meeting was held in person at Burton Barr Library on February 24, 2024, followed by a virtual meeting on March 7, 2024. Additional presentations were given on March 9, 2024, to the Downtown Voices Coalition and on April 18, 2024, to the Phoenix Historic Neighborhoods Coalition. Additionally, a virtual “brownbag” presentation on the historic preservation plan update for City employees was held April 9, 2024. Participants were asked what they saw as the biggest challenges and opportunities for Historic Preservation in Phoenix. Many of the challenges and opportunities identified in the series of public meetings fit within the categories identified by PlaceEconomics. Development Pressure “New development prioritized over preservation” Lack of public engagement “How to create a community story about our historic properties” Existing Regulations “Proposition 207” Inadequacy of Existing Tools “Lack of significant financial incentives” Lack of education, knowledge, and information “Loss of knowledgeable historic tradesmen to maintain buildings” Improve regulatory / preservation tools “Prevent buildings from being demolished in violation of code” “Make ability to transfer development rights to other properties” “Overturn Proposition 207” Improve community education, knowledge and public engagement “Identify role of average citizen and benefit for them” “Involve schools to promote preservation, promote cultural awareness of communities” “Communicate via social media” “Proactive meetings with developers” Challenges Opportunities -40- -40- “Set policies and change codes to make it attractive to do adaptive reuse of established buildings.” “Offering spaces to Local First Arizona businesses in adaptive reuse buildings.” “Retain old store fronts and low rise / midrise buildings for adaptive reuse. Plant more shade trees and return to desert oasis / shade awnings off buildings, no super block buildings.” “Preserve buildings of cultural significance regardless of their grandiose nature. Communities of color historically did not have the resources to have the best or most "advanced" structures, but their history/legacy is also worth saving.” “Launch a concerted effort to highlight and celebrate the historic buildings that are living in plain sight in our city. Education of our community on the historical buildings is important as a start to then communicate the importance of preserving our shared history.” Survey A public survey was drafted and posted on the City of Phoenix website and promoted on social media. The survey garnered 390 responses and began with a whimsical question about what the respondent would do to further historic preservation in Phoenix if they had a magic wand. Responses included: Current Preservation Planning Current Preservation Planning -41- -41- Survey respondents were then asked to identify the top three challenges or threats facing historic preservation in Phoenix and were provided specific choices as well as a fillable blank space to include other ideas. A breakdown of the responses is below: Current real estate market conditions are evident in the top four challenges selected by respondents and for good reason. Demand for housing and increasing real estate prices have placed direct pressure on historic resources. Arguments that existing housing is inefficient or expensive to maintain result in proposals for demolition and redevelopment and continue to lead to the loss of historic buildings in Phoenix. Additionally, some property owners, unaware of historic preservation requirements, or as a result of market conditions, undertake renovation or demolition work without obtaining the necessary plan reviews and permits. Respondents expressed concerns about limited enforcement mechanisms and the resulting difficulty in ensuring compliance with historic preservation requirements. A new state law, A.R.S. § 9-462.13, related to middle housing has heightened the concern of historic district residents about the impact of market pressures on their neighborhoods. A.R.S. § 9-462.13 requires cities to allow up to four units on single-family zoned lots within one mile of a city’s downtown or central business district. In Phoenix, while historic districts make up only 1% of the total land area of the city, they make up 78% of the single-family zoning acreage within the one-mile area of downtown, making them disproportionately impacted by this legislation. The law allows for this additional density, by right, but does not prohibit historic preservation plan review. The City of Phoenix Planning and Development Department will continue to require historic preservation plan review (demolition and/or new construction) on all housing proposals for historically designated properties As the long-term impacts of A.R.S. § 9-462.13 to historic districts are not yet known, city staff will monitor and collect data on new development in historic districts related to middle housing. A report will be prepared and presented at each annual work session of the Historic Preservation Commission. Redevelopment Historic places perceived as inefficient and expensive to maintain Demolition by neglect Limitations of historic preservation regulatory enforcement Gentrification Limitations of designation under Proposition 207 (Private Property Rights Protection Act) Other Top Three Challenges/Threats to Historic Preservation in Phoenix 253 230 91 233 186 63 45 -42- -42- Carrying Forward the Five Goals Tools, Strategies, Policies, Incentives for Historic Preservation in Phoenix focused on identifying challenges and opportunities for historic preservation with built environment (historic) resources. Historic preservation staff consulted with the CAO to identify continuing challenges to cultural resource management. The combination of the data collected by PlaceEconomics, from the CAO and public meetings demonstrated that the original five goals identified in PreserveHistoricPHX 2015 continue to have relevance and value today. The recommendations from the PlaceEconomics report and the CAO served as the basis for a number of the potential tools queried to respondents in the public survey to help direct the actions the historic preservation office, partners and individuals can carry out to achieve the five goals. Protection of Archaeological Resources Respondents were asked to identify two new tools for the Protection of Archaeological Resources which would provide the most benefit in Phoenix. Respondents prioritized the development of new administrative regulations to facilitate the protection of archaeological resources and the formalization of compliance guidelines. Respondents also identified tribal representation on the historic preservation commission as a need, given the close ties between neighboring tribal communities and Phoenix. With just one full-time position in the CAO, respondents also prioritized the creation of permanent cultural resource review staff. Current Preservation Planning Current Preservation Planning Formalize Policies Related to Protection of Archaeological ResourcesHistoric places perceived as inefficient and expensive to maintain Tribal Representation on Historic Preservation Commission Permanent Cultural Resource Review Staff Zoning Ordinance Enhancement Survey and Inventory of City Mountain Preserves Develop Traditional Cultural Property Plan Other Policies/Tools for Protection of Archaeological Resources 194 133 86 160 115 62 14 -43- -43- Enhance Enforcement for Illegal Alteration/Demolition of Designated Properties Enhance Demolition Delay Practices for Historically Eligible Properties Explore Historic District Designation under Proposition 207 (Private Property Rights Protection Act) Amend the Historic Preservation Zoning Ordinance Create Formal Survey and Designation Plan Enhance Demolition Notification Practices Other Policies/Tools for Protection of Historic Resources 229 118 83 176 94 45 21 Protection of Historic Resources Respondents were asked when setting new priorities for the Protection of Historic Resources which two would provide the most benefit. Priority was given to enhancing existing regulations as they relate to demolition and alteration. Amendment of the historic preservation zoning ordinance could include a component to enhance enforcement for unpermitted work on designated properties. In public hearings on the draft plan, a primary concern expressed about the potential impact of A.R.S. § 9-462.13 to historic districts relates to the possible demolition of historic dwellings for the construction of new multi-family dwellings on the existing parcel. While A.R.S. § 9-462.13 grants increased rights, it does not alter the provisions of the Historic Preservation Ordinance, including the authority to impose a one-year stay of demolition for properties with HP overlay zoning. As part of strategies to preserve historic resources, the city may explore amending the Historic Preservation Ordinance to allow for the extension of demolition stays beyond one year. Such a measure could further discourage speculative redevelopment that undermines the historic character of neighborhoods. -44- -44- Exploring New Historic Preservation Incentives Respondents were asked to provide their top two priorities for Exploring New Historic Preservation Incentives. The overwhelming response was to build off the existing efforts to provide grant funding through general and bond funds followed by a more proactive means to incorporate historic buildings into new higher density developments. Advocacy for Continued General and Municipal Bond Funding for Historic Preservation Grants Incorporate/adaptively reuse historic commercial buildings as part of new development (code/zoning/cost relief) Encourage Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) Development in Residential Historic Districts Through the Creation of a Design Pattern Book for Streamlined Approval.7 Transferrable Development Rights for Historic Preservation (expansion of Sustainability Bonus structure)8 Other Policies/Strategies for Historic Preservation Incentives 282 143 164 132 35 7 The City adopted an ADU ordinance (November 2023; revised December 2024) to allow for ADUs in single-family zoning. 8 The City has an existing Sustainability Bonus Credit system for properties within the Downtown Code area which allows points to be obtained for rehabilitation or preservation of historic properties to afford things like greater height/density, reduced parking, etc. on a parcel without a historic property (transferrable development right). This program could be expanded outside of the Downtown Code area to encompass other sending/receiving zones. Current Preservation Planning Current Preservation Planning In the time since the original public outreach effort prioritized the development of a “pattern book” for Accessory Dwelling units (ADUs) the city has begun an initiative to develop standardized accessory dwelling unit (ADU) plans that will be preapproved and made available free to the public. Specific designs will also be preapproved for historic districts. While noted as “ADU’s” these preapproved plans will expedite the permitting of small, sensitively designed housing units which can add density in districts under A.R.S. § 9-462.13 -45- -45- Develop a Formal Community Engagement Plan Historic Preservation Ombudsman Staff to Educate Property Owners on Opportunities for Property Rehabilitation/Adaptive Reuse Presentations at Neighborhood/Organizational Meetings Website/Social Media Enhancement Brown Bag Lunch/Speaker Series Other Strategies/Tools for Developing Community Awareness Developing Community Awareness In setting new priorities for Developing Community Awareness for Historic Preservation, respondents were asked for their top two selections. Responses weighed heavily toward creating a formal community engagement plan and creating ombudsman staff to assist with rehabilitation and adaptive reuse of historic and historic-age resources. 222 160 215 124 33 22 -46- -46- Promote Partnerships The survey’s questions about partnerships centered on how internal improvements within the City can contribute to positive preservation outcomes. Respondents were asked to provide their top two priorities for Promoting Partnerships, and the top priorities identified were to integrate site planning into historic preservation plan reviews and to train building inspectors to ensure that onsite work is being carried out according to approved historic preservation plans. Broader cross training between different departments carrying out plan review was also highlighted. Integrate Site Planning into Historic Preservation Plan Reviews Training Building Inspectors for Review of Work at Historic Buildings Cross Training Between Different Departments Within the City Responsible for Plan Review, i.e., Water Services, Street Transportation, Fire, etc. Cross Training Between Different Planning and Development Plan Review Sections Promote use of International Existing Building Code for Plan Reviewers for Designated Properties Other Strategies/Policies for Promoting City Partnerships 109 168 188 216 73 14 Information from the public meetings and the survey served as the basis for PreserveHistoricPHX 2025, which will guide historic preservation program goals and objectives for the next 10 years. Current Preservation Planning Current Preservation Planning -47- -47- MOVING -48- -48- Forward Forward Phoenix is a vibrant and dynamic place with many layers of history. Together with PlanPHX’s central vision of a “More Connected Phoenix,” PreserveHistoricPHX 2025 envisions a city linked by an appreciation for its diverse heritage and a desire to sustain it for the benefit of present and future generations. Vision Statement Vision Statement -49- -49- Loring’s Bazaar Building Exterior, Phoenix, Arizona 1890. Courtesy McCulloch Brothers Photographs, Greater Arizona Collection, Arizona State University Library -50- -50- While recognized as a young city, the roots of 21st century Phoenix can be found dating back to the Ancestral O’Odham occupation of the Phoenix basin beginning in the first century AD. The Huhugam farmed and lived in, what would become known as Phoenix, for 1500 years developing an extensive irrigation canal system. As Euro-Americans arrived in the late 1860s and capitalized upon the former irrigation canal networks of the Ancestral O’Odham, the area was reshaped. The half square mile Phoenix townsite was established in 1870 and Phoenix’s growth into the early 20th century was tied to its role as a business and banking hub for outlying agricultural enterprises. Floods along the Salt River threatened homes and businesses prior to the establishment of the Roosevelt Dam in 1911. Streetcars facilitated residential development to the north while the railroad tracks to the south served as a functional dividing line between communities of color and the majority white population. World War II set the stage for new industries to develop in Phoenix resulting in rapid growth in the postwar era, the city physically expanding to 17.1 square miles with a population of 106,818 by 1950. Advocates for racial equality made headway in breaking down color barriers in the 1950s and 1960s which impacted where people could work, live and go to school. Inexpensive land fueled residential developers such as John F. Long to build master planned communities on the outskirts of the city with new shopping centers, schools, and banks to meet the needs of suburban dwellers. The low cost of living and surging workforce also drew technology and industry to Phoenix to capitalize on land and labor. The city now encompasses 519 square miles with a population of 1,674,600. Through stories and the tangible reminders of Phoenix’s past we can maintain connections that are significant to the community as Phoenix continues to grow and change. -51- -51- -52- -52- The following section summarizes the goals, actions to be taken to achieve the goals, the lead(s) responsible for carrying out the action and the anticipated timeframe for accomplishment. The timeframes for accomplishment are defined as short term (1-3 years), medium term (4-6 years) and long term (7-10 years) to reflect the work anticipated to be carried out before the next major update of the Historic Preservation Plan to be completed by 2035. Recommendations are also included for how Phoenicians can get involved in helping the City meet its goals. The August annual work session of the Historic Preservation Commission will provide the opportunity for staff to report on plan achievements made the prior year and discuss action items for the coming year. Phoenix works collaboratively with community partners to identify places of historic and archaeological importance and implements strategies for their long-term preservation and sustainability. -53- -53- The Ancestral O’Odham turned the arid lands of the Salt and Gila River valleys and other areas of southern Arizona into lush farmlands and thriving villages by building a highly sophisticated system of irrigation canals. Many of the canals were so well engineered that Euro and Hispanic Americans, arriving in the area in the late 1860s, reused them for their own farming needs. In the Salt River Valley, the Ancestral O’Odham built nearly a thousand miles of canals that conveyed water to large villages, farmsteads and agricultural fields. These resources, as well as petroglyphs and pictographs from Native Americans demonstrate the continuum of human occupation from the Ancestral O’Odham to the descendent O’Odham Tribes with the historic Phoenix townsite reflecting the Euro, Hispanic, Asian, and African American influences on the growth and development of the community. Goal 1 Protect Archaeological Resources Í Volunteer at S'eḏav Va’aki Museum or as a site steward. Í Support the City Archaeology Office at city budget hearings. ‘Onk ‘Akimel: An Ethnohistory and Historiography of Land Use on the Lower Salt River The City contracted with a consultant to prepare a report that documents the history of the Ancestral O’Odham after AD 1450 to provide a greater understanding of the continuum of indigenous occupation of the Phoenix basin following the Hohokam era. How to Get Involved Spotlight -54- -54- Implementation Action Lead(s) Timeframe Increase staffing to carry out compliance reviews to meet existing and future workloads. CAO, Arts and Culture, City Manager’s Office Short term Investigate zoning ordinance enhancement to include tribal representation on historic preservation commission. HPO, PDD, Arts and Culture, City Attorney’s Office Short term Amend Historic Preservation Ordinance for program and process improvements. HPO, CAO, City Attorney’s Office, PDD, Arts and Culture Short term Create an Administrative Rule for protection of archaeological resources and compliance guidance. CAO, City Manager’s Office Medium term Continue survey and inventory of Mountain Preserves in conjunction with park infrastructure development projects with interpretive signage, traditional cultural inventories and cultural overviews developed as appropriate through tribal consultation. CAO partnering with consultants and tribal historic preservation programs Long term Maintain inventory of archaeological resources. CAO Long term Goal 1: Protect Archaelogical Resources Goal 1: Protect Archaelogical Resources -55- -55- Historic built environment resources embody Phoenix’s past and connect us to our shared heritage. These resources have innumerable community benefits such as historic residential districts reflecting the most densely populated areas with the greatest urban tree canopy and walkability to parks, libraries, and cultural institutions. The majority of the 36 residential historic districts have neighborhood associations that sponsor community events and have connective elements, such as community gardens. Heritage commercial buildings provide ideal incubator space as well as unique accommodations for new small businesses in the creative and knowledge sectors and serve as popular locations for legacy owned businesses. These buildings, which are often part of the downtown, support the city’s cultural identity and create a unique character, contributing to a vibrant downtown. Historic-age housing also plays a significant role in existing housing affordability. Finally, the “greenest building is the one that is already built,” and retaining these resources reduces local landfill waste and the city’s carbon footprint. Goal 2 Protect Historic Resources Í Patronize businesses located in historic buildings Í Repair rather than replace historic windows and other character-defining features Í Support the HPO at city budget hearings Í Attend HPC meetings With the national trend of declining church membership, post-World War II historic-age religious properties, particularly those with significant acreage, have been under increasing development pressure. As demolition applications for religious properties have increased, the City contracted a consultant to complete a post-war religious architecture survey and NRHP Multiple Property Documentation Form to assist with the identification of significant properties and facilitate designation and preservation of significant architecture. How to Get Involved Spotlight -56- -56- Implementation Action Lead(s) Timeframe Explore demolition delay practices for properties identified as eligible for historic designation. HPO, PDD Short term Amend Historic Preservation Ordinance for program and process improvements. HPO, City Attorney’s Office, PDD Short term Create a survey and designation program for ethnic heritage properties. HPO, HP Commission Short term Complete context development and surveys of post-World War II property types. HPO partnering with consultants Short to medium term Explore creation of honorific Heritage Property/District classification. HPO, PDD Short to medium term Strengthen enforcement for unpermitted alteration and/or demolition of designated properties. HPO, City Attorney’s Office, PDD, Neighborhood Services Department Medium term Investigate ways to mitigate Proposition 207 concerns when designating historic districts. HPO, City Attorney’s Office, PDD Medium term Create enhanced design guidelines HPO partnering with consultants Medium to long term Goal 2: Protect Historic Resources Goal 2: Protect Historic Resources -57- -57- Goal 3 Explore Preservation Incentives How to Get Involved Spotlight Financial incentives, including grant funds and tax abatement, help rehabilitation projects move forward. Programs such as the City’s Adaptive Reuse Program not only provide cost savings to customers but also offer development guidance, streamlined processes and reduced turnaround times for reviews and approvals by PDD. Opportunities exist to encourage adaptive reuse of buildings on the PHPR as well as those listed solely on the NRHP. Incentives may include direct financial assistance as well as the potential for additional development rights. Exploring and encouraging programs such as these is an important way to stimulate historic preservation, growth and sustainability in Phoenix. Í Seek grants for preservation activities. Í Encourage owners of properties eligible for the State Historic Property Tax Reclassification Program to enroll. Í Support future bond elections for historic preservation funding. Í Support historic preservation grant programs at city council budget hearings. Í State Level - Advocate for state income tax credit program for historic property rehabilitation. Í State Level - Advocate for dedicated funding for Arizona Heritage Fund grant program The rehabilitation of the historic Masonic Temple serves as a success story of the utilization of the Sustainability Bonus Credit system. A developer’s investment of $500,000 in exterior rehabilitation and the property owner’s recordation of a 30-year conservation easement resulted in an award of 50 sustainability bonus points for the developer to utilize at another development side downtown. -58- -58- Implementation Action Lead(s) Timeframe Encourage sensitively designed ADUs in residential historic districts through the creation of standardized plans. HPO, PDD Short term Explore expansion of sustainability bonus credits along light rail corridors and other locations outside of Downtown Code area. HPO, PDD Short to medium term Develop tools that encourage and facilitate the rehabilitation and adaptive reuse of historic buildings and potential heritage commercial buildings. HPO, PDD, HPC, City Council Medium to long term Goal 3: Explore Preservation Incentives Goal 3: Explore Preservation Incentives -59- -59- Developing community awareness of heritage resources serves to connect residents to Phoenix’s past, broadens understanding of the economic, environmental, social and cultural benefits of these resources and assists property owners with an understanding of the requirements of owning a historic property. Educating policy makers, property owners, architects, other City departments, contractors, real estate professionals and others is essential when maintaining a historic preservation program. The City of Phoenix needs to empower its residents with the tools and information to stimulate more historic preservation projects. Goal 4 Develop Community Awareness Í Attend neighborhood tours and events at city historic parks Í Investigate the history of a historic property or neighborhood Í Learn about rehabilitating a historic property Í Share information with the public on the benefits of historic preservation to gain support to address Proposition 207 In honor of Historic Preservation Month, the Historic Preservation Office has hosted a Phoenix History Trivia Night for three years. This lively and popular event engages folks who are interested in Phoenix History and historic buildings. Some come to seriously compete and others come to enjoy the festivities, all experience a connection with the stories of Phoenix’s past. The 2024 trivia night took place at Memorial Hall at Steele Indian School Park (the site of the historic Phoenix Indian School). How to Get Involved Spotlight -60- -60- Implementation Action Lead(s) Timeframe Enhance social media presence and website content. HPO, Public Information Office (PIO) Short term Create an HP 101 Series to include handouts and presentations for public education. HPO, PIO, CAO Short term Present on relevant HP topics at neighborhood and organization meetings to include Village Planning Committee meetings HPO Short to long term Celebrate preservation successes through events, awards and other recognition methods. HPO, PDD, PIO Short to long term Develop educational tools for real estate professionals. HPO Medium term Partner with Office of Customer Advocacy to educate property owners on programs for the rehabilitation/adaptive reuse of historic and heritage commercial buildings. HPO, PDD Medium term Develop a formal community engagement plan. HPO partnering with consultants and community Medium to long term Goal 4: Develop Community Awareness Goal 4: Develop Community Awareness -61- -61- Historic preservation, when it is most effective, is the work of all parts of the community and all divisions of government. Neighborhood groups, historic-home owners, educators, public officials and historic preservation professionals and advocates join together to develop priorities, list historic properties and preserve the history of Phoenix for future generations. City of Phoenix departments and sections work together to prioritize and facilitate the protection and adaptive reuse of heritage resources. Goal 5 Promote Partnerships Í Attend events sponsored by preservation organizations Í Volunteer at a historic park or event Í Attend the meeting of a historic neighborhood association or other historic preservation organization or serve on the board The leadership of the Sunnyslope Historical Society has become actively engaged in the identification of properties within the Sunnyslope area of Phoenix that are eligible for historic designation and working with properties owners to seek listing in the Phoenix Historic Property Register. The Thompson (also known as Sunnyslope) Rock Garden is one such property. Grover Cleveland Thompson acquired the property in 1954 and began the development of this rock garden which he continued to work on over the next two decades of his life. This unique folk-art environment includes free-form concrete and mortar, statuary, native rock and cast concrete pieces with tile mosaics that emulate people, places, and buildings. The property and art have continued to be cared for by the current property owner who acquired it in 1978. How to Get Involved Spotlight -62- -62- Implementation Action Lead(s) Timeframe Integrate site plan reviews into historic preservation plan reviews. HPO, PDD Short term Develop cross training program between building inspectors and historic preservation planners. HPO, PDD Short term Partner with tribal historic preservation offices (THPOs) to better understand and promote the protection of cultural resources. CAO, THPOs Short to long term Partner with community organizations and preservation professionals to better protect historic and cultural resources. HPO, community organizations Short to long term Increase dialogue with other City departments to ensure historic preservation goals and objectives are reflected in the goals and objectives of those departments. HPO, PDD, Streets, Water Services Medium term Explore opportunities to form a City- affiliated historic preservation non- profit. HPO, PDD, City Attorney’s Office Long term Goal 5: Promote Partnerships Goal 5: Promote Partnerships -63- -63- Bibliography & Further Reading Benefits of Historic Preservation Mason, Randall. “Economics and Historic Preservation: A Guide and Review of the Literature.” A Discussion Paper Prepared for the Brookings Institution Metropolitan Policy Program. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, September 2005. National Park Service, Technical Preservation Services. Historic Preservation is Inherently a Sustainable Practice. Sustainability - Technical Preservation Services (U.S. National Park Service). Accessed January 8, 2025. National Trust for Historic Preservation. Why Do Old Places Matter? Economics. Why Do Old Places Matter? Economics | National Trust for Historic Preservation. January 8, 2025. PlaceEconomics. Measuring the Economics of Preservation: Recent Findings. Washington, D.C.: Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. June 2011. PlaceEconomics. Profits Through Preservation: The Economic Impact of Historic Preservation in Utah. Salt Lake City, UT: Utah Heritage Foundation, July 2013. PlaceEcomonics. Preservation Phoenix Style. Phoenix, AZ: City of Phoenix Historic Preservation Office, October 2021. Rypkema, Donovan. The Economics of Preservation: A Community Leader's Guide, 2nd ed. Washington D.C.: The National Trust for Historic Preservation, 2005. History of Preservation in Phoenix Ad Hoc/Historic Preservation Advisory Panel 2000-2002. Summary of 2002 Recommendations and Implementation Status. Government Document, City of Phoenix, 2004. Hernandez, Ruben, ed. “A Legacy Lost and Found: Finding our Latino Roots in the History of Phoenix.” Phoenix: Latino Perspectives Media, 2007. Historic Preservation Commission and Office. Ten Vital Years in the History of Phoenix. Government Document, City of Phoenix, 1996 Johnson, Ian P. Historic Preservation in the Phoenix Metro Area: History, Current Challenges, Ongoing Struggles. Master's Thesis, Arizona State University, Department of History, Tempe. December 2007. Phoenix Ad Hoc Committee on Historic Preservation. Phoenix Ad Hoc Committee on Historic Preservation Final Report, June 1985. Government Document, City of Phoenix, 1985. National Historic Preservation Act as Amended, 2016, Section 106 Review Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. Protecting Historic Properties: A Citizen's Guide to Section 106 Review. Government Document, Washington, D.C.: Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, 2010, 28. Available at: CitizenGuideSmallSizeFinal4Web.indd. Accessed January 8, 2025. Arizona State Parks, State Historic Preservation Office. Review and Compliance. Historic Preservation Compliance Consult | Arizona State Parks. Accessed January 8, 2025. Congressional Research Service. The Federal Role in Historic Preservation: An Overview. The Federal Role in Historic Preservation: An Overview. Accessed January 8, 2025 -64- -64- Grants & Incentives Arizona State Parks, State Historic Preservation Office. State Historic Property Tax Reclassification (SPT) for Owner-Occupied Homes. State Historic Property Tax Reclassification | Arizona State Parks. Accessed January 8, 2025. National Park Service, Technical Preservation Services. Tax Incentives for Preserving Historic Properties. Historic Preservation Tax Incentives (U.S. National Park Service). Accessed January 8, 2025. U.S. Department of the Treasury. Community Development Financial Institutions Fund, New Market Tax Credit. New Markets Tax Credit Program | Community Development Financial Institutions Fund. Accessed January 8, 2025. Technical Advice City of Phoenix. Historic Preservation Documents & Publications. Planning and Development HistoricPreservation Publications Accessed January 8, 2025. National Park Service, Technical Preservation Services. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Rehabilitation and Illustrated Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings. rehabilitation- guidelines-1997.pdf. Accessed January 8, 2025. . Protecting Cultural Landscapes: Planning, Treatment and Management of Historic Landscapes. Preservation Briefs 36: Protecting Cultural Landscapes. Accessed January 8, 2025. . How to Preserve: Preservation Briefs. Preservation Briefs - Technical Preservation Services (U.S. National Park Service). Accessed January 8, 2025. . How to Preserve: Preservation Tech Notes. Preservation Tech Notes - Technical Preservation Services (U.S. National Park Service). Accessed January 8, 2025. . Improving Energy Efficiency in Historic Buildings. Preservation Brief 3: Improving Energy Efficiency in Historic Buildings. Accessed January 8, 2025. . The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation & Illustrated Guidelines on Sustainability for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings. Illustrated Guidelines on Sustainability for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings. Accessed January 8, 2025. PlaceEconomics. Tools, Strategies, Policies, Incentives for Historic Preservation in Phoenix. Phoenix, AZ: City of Phoenix Historic Preservation Office, December 2023. Bibliography & Further Reading Bibliography & Further Reading -65- -65- -66- -66- PHOENIX POLICIES INCENTIVES TOOLS STRATEGIES COMPLETED BY PLACEECONOMICS FOR THE CITY OF PHOENIX | DECEMBER 2023 for Historic Preservation in -67- -67- -68- -68- -69- -69- ● ● ● ● -70- -70- • • • • -71- -71- ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ -72- -72- ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ● -73- -73- ● ● -74- -74- ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ -75- -75- ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ -76- -76- ● ● ● ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ -77- -77- ● ● ● -78- -78- ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ● -79- -79- ● -80- -80- ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ● -81- -81- ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ● -82- -82- ● ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ -83- -83- ● ● ● -84- -84- ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● -85- -85- ● ● ● -86- -86- ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ● ● -87- -87- ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ -88- -88- ● ● ● -89- -89- ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ● ● ● -90- -90- ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ● ● -91- -91- ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ● -92- -92- ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ● -93- -93- -94- -94- ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ● ● -95- -95- ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ● -96- -96- ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ -97- -97- -98- -98- -99- -99- ● ● -100- -100- -101- -101- -102- -102- -103- -103- -104- -104- PHOENIX POLICIES INCENTIVES TOOLS STRATEGIES COMPLETED BY PLACEECONOMICS FOR THE CITY OF PHOENIX | DECEMBER 2023 for Historic Preservation in -105- -105- Archaeoogical Site Etiquete Guide Help Preserve Archaeological Sites Artifacts, in context (where they lie), tell a story. Once they are moved, a piece of the past is destroyed forever. Digging, removing artifacts, or piling them up changes what can be learned from these pieces of the past. Walls are fragile and continually deteriorating. Climbing, sitting or standing on walls can damage them. Picking up or moving rocks alters the walls forever. Fragile desert plants and soils that are part of archaeological sites are destroyed when you stray from the trail. Please stay on trails…they are there for your protection. Fire destroys prehistoric organic materials, impairs the potential for chronometric dating, and damages or even destroys rock art by covering it with soot. Absolutely no fires, candles, or smoking should occur at archaeological sites. Pets can damage sites by digging, or depositing their waste in them. Please do not bring pets into archaeological sites. Oils from even the cleanest hands can cause deterioration of prehistoric drawings and destroy the dating potential for future scientists trying to unravel the meaning of symbols painted and pecked on stone. Please refrain from touching rock art. Graffiti (drawing, painting, scratching and carving) is destructive and can destroy rock art, as well as deface wood and stone buildings. Graffiti destroys rock art and architecture. -106- -106- Camping and Driving Archaeological Protection Laws Vandalism Avoid driving or riding your bicycle through sites; pitching your camp in a site; dismantling historic buildings for firewood or any other use; and camping or making campfires in any historic building. All archaeological sites on federal and tribal lands in Arizona are protected by the Archaeological Resources Protection Act and archaeological sites on state lands are protected by the Arizona Antiquities Act. These laws prohibit digging, removing artifacts, damaging, and/or defacing archaological resources and provide for related felony and misdemeanor prosecution with imprisonment and fines. If you see people vandalizing sites, please report it as soon as possible by calling 1-800-VANDALS. Obtain as much information about the people without putting yourself in danger. Do not confront them! They may be dangerous. By following these simple guidelines, you can help preserve these unique and fragile remnants of our American heritage. Thanks for your cooperation, and we hope you enjoy visiting archaeological sites in Arizona! Archaeological sites are non-renewable resources. Help us preserve America’s cultural heritage! For more information on site etiquette, becoming a site steward and Arizona's historic places, visit Arizona State Parks State Historic Preservation Office [azstateparks.com/SHPO/index.html] Website. Archaeological Site Etiquette Guide Archaeological Site Etiquette Guide -107- -107-